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2019年高考英語 語法集訓(xùn)過關(guān) 時態(tài)和語態(tài)（含解析） Ⅰ. 單項填空 1. (xx煙臺模擬)Miss White teaches English in a college but she usually　　　in her sister’s hotel during summer vacation. A. has worked B. works C. is working D. worked 2. (xx皖南八校二聯(lián))Your position　　　beautifully. Is it the one I saw you write yesterday? A. is read B. was read C. reads D. read 3. (xx邢臺模擬)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he　　　 from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 4. John　　　me to the opera tonight. He is to pick me up at my house at 5: 00 p. m. . A. takes B. has taken C. would take D. is taking 5. (xx臨沂模擬)—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation? —We　　　busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 6. (xx西安模擬)The student said there were a few points in the essay he　　　　 impossible to understand. A. had found B. finds C. has found D. would find 7. (xx蚌埠模擬)For eight great years, Quick　　　as a flight attendant, a job she had dreamed about since childhood. A. has worked B. has been working C. had worked D. worked 8. (xx南昌模擬)—I wonder what makes you a successful manager. —I　　　as a waiter for five years, which contributes a lot to my today’s work. A. serve B. have served C. had served D. served 9. —George, are you listening to me? —Sorry, sir. I　　　of what I could do to improve my English. A. have thought B. am thinking C. thought D. was thinking 10. (xx重慶模擬)—Hey, who　　　my iPhone? I put it here just now. —I don’t know. A. has taken B. takes C. was taking D. had taken 11. (xx蘭州模擬)—This is the first time I　　　　my first picture with my own hands. —It is time that you　　　　a picture for me. A. took; will take B. took; took C. have taken; took D. will take; have taken 12. (xx天津模擬)In addition to the farming they　　　since the 1990s, the Smiths have started a small business. A. have done B. had been done C. were doing D. have been doing 13. (xx寧波模擬)Every morning they meet in the same caf. They　　　there for years. A. have gone B. are going C. go D. have been going 14. Mary　　　to study abroad, but she hasn’t made up her mind yet. A. has considered B. considered C. had considered D. has been considering 15. While you are enjoying yourself at the party tomorrow, I　　　my mother in the supermarket. A. am helping B. shall help C. will be helping D. would help 16. Tom will not be in Beijing next Wednesday. He　　　in Xi’an. A. travels B. has traveled C. is traveling D. will be traveling 17. I　　　you the message but unfortunately my puter was infected by puter viruses. A. was going to email B. will email C. would email D. emailed 18. We all felt surprised when she said she　　　　up the good job. A. would give B. gave C. will give D. has given 19. She　　　teachers for help whenever she had problems in study. A. would ask B. was asking C. had asked D. will ask 20. (xx溫嶺中學(xué)模擬)My train arrives in Beijing at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there　　　by then. A. has left B. will have left C. will leave D. had left 21. —Have you posted the letter for me on your way home, Helen? —Sorry, I have forgotten. I　　　it this afternoon. A. am going to post B. am to post C. have posted D. will post 22. (xx宜賓五校模擬)In the past few centuries, the lighthouses along North Carolina’s coast　　　as signs of safety for travelers at sea. A. were recognized B. have recognized C. recognized D. have been recognized 23. The xx FIFA World Cup will be held in Brazil on June 13th, xx, and 32 football teams　　　so far. A. will choose B. have chosen C. have been chosen D. will be chosen 24. When we arrived, the meeting　　　. As a result, we were told to wait outside. A. was holding B. was held C. held D. was being held 25. (原創(chuàng))It is reported that many a pany of production of high pollution 　　　down at present because of the heavy haze(霧霾)in China. A. are being closed B. were being closed C. was being closed D. is being closed Ⅱ. 閱讀理解 (xx南京模擬) Something that has always interested me about Abraham Lincoln is, not surprisingly, his sense of humor. As far as I can tell, he’s the first American President to have one. That’s because the term “sense of humor” really wasn’t in mon usage until the eighteen sixties and seventies. In the eighteen forties and fifties, it was called “the sense of the ridiculous”, and didn’t have the positive connotations(隱含意義)that “sense of humor” has today. Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule(譏笑). Funniness and cruelty went hand in hand. Of course, they still do a lot of arm-in-arm walking in our day as well. Lincoln’s humor was very different because, for one thing, it was actually “humor” as what the word meant in his time. We don’t make the distinction between “wit(風(fēng)趣)”and “humor” anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did. Wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic. It’s the difference we note now when we distinguish between “l(fā)aughing with” and “l(fā)aughing at”. Lincoln was much more about “l(fā)aughing with” than “l(fā)aughing at”. And when “l(fā)aughing at”, it was often himself he was teasing. In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debate, when Douglas accused Lincoln of being two-faced, Lincoln replied, referencing his plain looking, “Honestly, if I were two-faced, would I be showing you this one? ”And, in a way, Lincoln’s face itself tells us much about his sense of humor. You can b through thousands of photographs of politicians, soldiers, and the like from Lincoln’s time and not find a single smile. True, the long exposures(曝光)required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult. Yet Lincoln alone, as far as I can tell, overcame that difficulty. Interestingly, while having a sense of humor, or at least the appearance of one provided by edy writers, has bee a necessary characteristic for an American President in our time, in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered a problem. And that was the case for Lincoln. A journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debate mented that “I could not take a real personal liking to the man, owing to an inborn weakness for which he was even then notorious and so remained during his great public career, he was extremely fond of jokes, anecdotes, and stories. ” 1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that　　　. A. the American President could influence the use of English B. the term “sense of humor” wasn’t invented until the 1860s C. what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone else D. the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time 2. The underlined words “this one” in Paragraph 4 refer to　　　. A. Lincoln’s unattractive face B. Lincoln’s sense of humor C. the debate they were having D. cruelty that went with funniness 3. We rarely see people from Lincoln’s time wear a smile in their photos because　　　. A. being humorous was considered inappropriate B. they found it quite funny to smile before the camera C. not smiling for photographs was the fashion D. photography technology then was not advanced 4. What might the writer think of the journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debate? A. His ment accurately reflected his time. B. He created a false picture of Lincoln. C. He was prejudiced and self-centered. D. He was brave to point out Lincoln’s weakness. Ⅲ. 書面表達(dá) 　　假如你是李華, 你的英國筆友Bill來信詢問你家鄉(xiāng)是否有霧霾天氣, 情況如何。請按下面的提示寫一封電子郵件。 1. 感謝他的關(guān)心。 2. 介紹情況: (1)去年冬天以來已發(fā)生數(shù)次霧霾天氣; (2)人們已認(rèn)識到霧霾天氣的危害, 正采取各種舉措減少其發(fā)生; (3)你自己為此做了什么或打算做什么。 注意: 詞數(shù)150個左右。(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出, 不計入總詞數(shù)) 參考詞匯: 霧霾haze Dear Bill, I’m glad to receive your letter, and thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【技法導(dǎo)練】多學(xué)一點　棋高一著 閱讀理解——如何做詞義猜測題中的指代題? 根據(jù)上下文判斷代詞的指代是閱讀理解題中經(jīng)常考查的, 此時上文或下文會出現(xiàn)其定義、解釋或描述, 這就是判斷該單詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。根據(jù)文中出現(xiàn)的因果詞語(because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore, so/such . . . that等)、前后對比的詞(but, however, not . . . but, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary, although, while, yet, unlike, instead of等)、同義解釋的詞語(that is, in other words, or, namely, that means等), 更容易猜測所給詞語的意思。高考中大部分猜測都要通過該手段。 在本篇閱讀理解中作者考查了第四段中的this one的指代。此題根據(jù)上文中 可知此處的this one指“ ”。 答案解析 Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】選B。根據(jù)teaches可知“懷特小姐平時在大學(xué)教英語”, 所以第二個空也用一般現(xiàn)在時, 表示“她暑假時通常在她妹妹的賓館上班”。 2.【解析】選C。及物動詞read后跟副詞, 如beautifully, easily等時, 常用主動表示被動, 同時根據(jù)題中的語境可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。 【誤區(qū)警示】本題易誤選A項。按照常規(guī)read的邏輯賓語是your position, 但是當(dāng)部分及物動詞后跟easily, well, beautifully等副詞時, 常用主動表示被動, 這類動詞有read, wash, close, open, write等。 3. 【解析】選C。主句用了將來完成時, 所以by the time從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 4. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)is to pick me up(將接我)可知此處用將來時態(tài); take可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來意義。 5.【解析】選C?？疾闀r態(tài)。句意: ——彼得, 你們這些家伙在哪里過的暑假? ——我們工作忙了幾個月, 所以就到海邊放松了一下。根據(jù)上下文可知“忙于工作”發(fā)生在動作“到海邊”之前, 所以用過去完成時。故選擇C項。 6. 【解析】選A。said和were都是一般過去時, 所以“他發(fā)現(xiàn)”這一動作發(fā)生在“說”之前, 由于“說”用了一般過去時, 所以“發(fā)現(xiàn)”要用過去完成時。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 We were very excited because our favourite football team　　　the important match. A. won B. had won C. has won D. was winning 【解析】選B?？疾闀r態(tài)。很明顯“贏得比賽”發(fā)生在were very excited之前, 故用“過去的過去”, 即過去完成時。 7.【解析】選D。根據(jù)had dreamed可知Quick當(dāng)空中乘務(wù)員發(fā)生在“夢想”之后, 因為定語從句中用了過去完成時, 故此空要用一般過去時。 8. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)語境, 現(xiàn)在是成功的經(jīng)理, 所以做過五年服務(wù)員發(fā)生在過去, 故此空用一般過去時。 9. 【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)Sorry, sir. 可知George剛才并沒有聽對方講話, 即剛才對方在講話時, George正在考慮怎么做才能提高英語, 故此空用過去進(jìn)行時。 10. 【解析】選A。根據(jù)語境可知“我剛才把我的iPhone放在這兒, 但現(xiàn)在不在這兒了”, 故此空用現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。 11. 【解析】選C。This is the first time后從句中必須用現(xiàn)在完成時。而It is time that后從句中要使用虛擬語氣, 謂語動詞既可用動詞過去式, 也可用“should+動詞原形”。 12. 【解析】選D。該句主句用了現(xiàn)在完成時(have started), 可以推知此空表示“他們從20世紀(jì)90年代從事農(nóng)業(yè)一直到現(xiàn)在”, 故此空用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 13. 【解析】選D。他們每天早晨都在同一個咖啡館相見, 說明幾年來他們一直都去那兒, 故此空用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 14. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)hasn’t made可知“瑪麗一直考慮要去國外學(xué)習(xí)”, 只不過現(xiàn)在還沒有決定是否去。故此空要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 —Did you find the missing traveler yesterday? —No, but we　　　to get in touch with him ever since. A. have tried B. have been trying C. had tried D. had been trying 【解析】選B。考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)since可知應(yīng)用完成時態(tài), 答案在A、B中選擇。再根據(jù)上句語境, 應(yīng)指“從昨天以來, 我們一直試圖與他取得聯(lián)系?！惫蚀丝找矛F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。 15. 【解析】選C。句意: 當(dāng)你們明天在聚會上玩得開心時, 我將正在超市里幫助媽媽做事。根據(jù)tomorrow可知此空用將來時, 再根據(jù)While you are enjoying可知此空用將來進(jìn)行時。 16. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)next Wednesday可知此空也填將來時態(tài), 故D項正確, 表示“湯姆下周三將正在西安旅游”。 17. 【解析】選A。根據(jù)語境, 此處指“我本來打算給你發(fā)信息的, 但不幸的是, 我的電腦感染上了電腦病毒。”C項若改為would have emailed則正確。 18. 【解析】選A。句意: 當(dāng)她說她將放棄這份好工作時我們大家都感到驚訝。根據(jù)felt surprised, said可知此空也與過去時間有關(guān), 故排除C、D項。再根據(jù)語境, 可知A項正確。B項若改為had given也正確, 表示“過去已經(jīng)放棄了這份好工作”。 19. 【解析】選A。句意: 她無論何時在學(xué)習(xí)上有問題都會向老師請求幫助。A項中的would表示“過去常?！?。 20. 【解析】選B。by引導(dǎo)的短語作時間狀語時, 主句常用完成時。此處指將來, 故此空用將來完成時。 21. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)“我忘記了”可知“我今天下午將郵寄它”是臨時決定, 故D項正確。 22. 【解析】選D?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意: 過去的幾個世紀(jì), 沿著北卡羅來納州海岸的燈塔是海上旅行者們公認(rèn)的安全標(biāo)志。recognize和the lighthouses是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系, 故用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“In the past few centuries”可知, 此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 23. 【解析】選C。句意: xx國際足聯(lián)世界杯于6月13日在巴西舉行, 32個足球隊到現(xiàn)在被選出來了。根據(jù)so far可知這個短語與現(xiàn)在完成時連用, 又因為football teams與choose之間是被動關(guān)系, 故選C。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 He will give us a talk on how to improve our English, but when and where　　　yet. A. hasn’t decided B. hasn’t been decided C. isn’t being decided D. will decide 【解析】選B。首先根據(jù)語境可知此空要使用被動語態(tài), 然后再根據(jù)yet可知B項正確, 指“報告何時何地舉行到目前還沒有定下來”, C項改成isn’t decided也正確。 24. 【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)the meeting和hold之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系, 可知此空用被動語態(tài), 故在B、D中進(jìn)行選擇。再根據(jù)從句是When we arrived(當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時), 可知主句用過去進(jìn)行時, 即“當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時, 會議正在進(jìn)行”。 25. 【解析】選D。考查時態(tài)語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意: 據(jù)報道目前許多高污染的企業(yè)由于嚴(yán)重的霧霾而正在被關(guān)停。根據(jù)句意可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。many a加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時, 謂語一般用單數(shù), 故選D。 Ⅱ. 【文章大意】說起第16任美國總統(tǒng)亞伯拉罕林肯, 很多人會立即想起他對解放黑奴和維護(hù)美利堅聯(lián)邦完整所做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn), 想起他能言善辯的口才和妙語連珠的演講, 但卻很少有人知道, 林肯的“幽默感”也開創(chuàng)了一個新時代。 1. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)該段中“didn’t have the positive connotations that ‘sense of humor’ has today(沒有今天幽默感所具有的積極的隱含意義)”和“Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule. (在當(dāng)時, 好笑的事就是招致譏笑的事。)”可知C項正確。 2. 【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。在林肯與道格拉斯的辯論中, 道格拉斯批評林肯是兩面派, 而林肯提到自己相貌平平(his plain looking), 接著指出“如果我是兩面派, 我還會向你展現(xiàn)我相貌平平的一面嗎”。這說明林肯很幽默。 3. 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從原文倒數(shù)第二段可知“當(dāng)時攝影時, 照片曝光時間比較長, 這使得拍照時, 人們很難保持微笑”。 4. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。報道林肯與道格拉斯的辯論的記者所說的話準(zhǔn)確地反映了當(dāng)時那個時代。 Ⅲ. 【參考范文】 Dear Bill, I’m glad to receive your letter, and thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. Now I’d like to tell you something about the haze weather. Since the winter last year, the haze weather has occurred a lot of times. It has done great harm to our daily life. People have realized the great harm caused by the haze weather. They are taking measures to reduce the happening of haze weather. The government suggests that people go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground. Also we should plant more trees. As far as I am concerned, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere. In addition, I will tell the people it’s our duty to protect the environment. Would you like to tell me some good ideas? I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【技法導(dǎo)練】 referencing his plain looking; Lincoln’s unattractive face”。