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The–ingformastheSubject,Object，Predictive,AttributiveandObjectComplement,Grammar,Haveyoueverseenthesesigns?,parking,spitting,littering,smoking,-ingforms,1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成:是在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ing形式構(gòu)成,因此又叫動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。如:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定形式:not+-ing構(gòu)成2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式由動(dòng)詞加-ing變化而成,它同時(shí)具有名詞和動(dòng)詞的特征,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。,指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Themusicisexciting.Weheardhersinginginherroom.Beingill,shewentbackhome.,主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：1）Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.2）WatchingnewsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.3）GoingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.4）Askingawoman’sageisimpoliteinourcountry.,2.-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置,此時(shí)須用it作形式主語(yǔ),用形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)有:nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等;形容詞有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。,歸納:常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoingItis/wasnogood/usedoingItis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoingItis/wasworth/worthwhiledoingThereisnodoing...無(wú)法……;不允許……,3.在therebeno...結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“Itisimpossibletodo…”。,Thereisnosenseindoing做……沒(méi)有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing做……無(wú)意義Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒(méi)有比……更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing做……無(wú)意義,1)Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．若要人不知,除非己莫為。2)Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。3)Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。,,,,Trytotellthemeaningofeachsentence.,注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth沒(méi)必要做某事,在此句式中todo不可換為doing.Thereisnoneedtotellher.提示:當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。1）Mysister’sbeingillmademeworried.2）Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.,動(dòng)名詞與不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較：動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)習(xí)慣性的長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,不定式則通常表示動(dòng)作的一次性或短暫性。e.g.1）TeachingEnglishismyjob.2）Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.3）Toreachthereontimeismytask.,二、動(dòng)名詞用作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種情況。1.只能后接-ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand,excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk,insiston,lookforward,feellike等。e.g.1）Ican’tavoidgoing．2）Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend?3）Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman．,2.既可接-ing和todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，remember,hate等。A.在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒(méi)有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同,ing表示泛指的動(dòng)作,todo表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式,意義沒(méi)有什么不同,尤其是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候。,C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。-ing表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,-todo表示動(dòng)作還沒(méi)發(fā)生；Irememberpostingtheletter．I’llremembertoposttheletter．Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter．Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother．Iregretmissingthereport．IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice．,,,,D.意義各不相同trytodo(設(shè)法)meantodo(打算,有意要做)trydoing(試試)meandoing(意思是,意味著)beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事beusedtodo被用來(lái)做某事can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事canthelptodo不能幫助做某事,,,E.goondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事;goontodo接著做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。,,,,,3.在介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)1)Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthistrip．2)Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface．3)Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany．注：下列短語(yǔ)中的to都是介詞,所以動(dòng)詞要接-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。,三、-ing形式作定語(yǔ)1.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾名詞的前面,既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。e.g.buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料,drinkingwater=waterfordrinkingawalkingstick=astickforwalkingareadingroom=aroomforreadingawritingdesk=adeskforwritingtiringmusic=musicthatistiringasurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising,,,,,,,2.–ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。1）Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.2）ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.3）Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.,,,,,3.-ing形式短語(yǔ)也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,這時(shí),它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。1)Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.2)Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.,,,四、-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后面,表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。如：(1)Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.(2)Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.,2)當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),原來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.,2.能用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類動(dòng)詞:表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。a.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.b.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.c.Canyousmellanythingburning?d.Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.e.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.,2)表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.,3.see,hear,feel,watch等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：①前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,而后者表示(或強(qiáng)調(diào))動(dòng)作從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束的全過(guò)程。如:Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我們走過(guò)教室,看見(jiàn)老師在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(只在走過(guò)教室的剎那間,看見(jiàn)老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)),五、-ing形式作表語(yǔ)-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后,用來(lái)泛指某種動(dòng)作或行為,以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)或情況。1)Herhobbyispainting.2)Myjobislookingafterthechildren.3)Hisconcernforhismotherismosttouching.4)Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.,六.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ),分詞必須和句中的主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。但要注意它的各種形式變化:,主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed,,一般式,完成式,e.g.1)Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)2)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.(beingbuilt為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中)3)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.,主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed,一般式,完成式,現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨等。現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的地狀語(yǔ)(通常用不定式表目的地狀語(yǔ))。,1）Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.,1表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),2表原因狀語(yǔ)1）Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.,2）Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.,3表方式、伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ):作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞表示的動(dòng)作,必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示地動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài))作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。,1)Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.,2)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。,_____________________,theywentintotheclassroom.,Laughingandtalking,4表結(jié)果e.g.1)Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.,2)Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.,makingitthemostpopularsong,5表?xiàng)l件,1)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.,______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.,2)Walkingahead,6與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格:1)Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．2)Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.3)Timepermitting,welldoanothertwoexercises.,**有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式。Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.7作獨(dú)立成分:1)Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.,Thankyou!,The___boywaslastseen___nearthebankofthelake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay解析:missing是形容詞,作boy的定語(yǔ),意思是“失蹤的”。waslastseenplaying表示被看見(jiàn)時(shí)正在玩。,真題解析,A,精析:根據(jù)句意“itmaynowbetoolateto…”和“already”可知“河流已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染”,應(yīng)用完成時(shí)。答案A。,高考鏈接,____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(2004全國(guó))A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.ThatD.Suffered,A,2.____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(全國(guó)2002)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven,解析:本題考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。分析題干,前一部分相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,即Ifheisgiven…,因?yàn)橹骶涫莍t,從句應(yīng)含被動(dòng)意義,這恰是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本含義即含被動(dòng)意義。答案A。,A,3.Thepicture____onthewallispaintedbymyniece.(2001上海)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung解析:分析題目可知,謂語(yǔ)是ispainted,那么選項(xiàng)部分應(yīng)是充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的。A項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,其一般不作定語(yǔ),只作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ);C項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞“第三人稱單數(shù)”顯然也不能作定語(yǔ),只作謂語(yǔ);分析thepicture與動(dòng)作hang之間的關(guān)系,其不含被動(dòng)意義,D項(xiàng)排除;B項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式,相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句whichishanging。答案B。,B,4.—Let’shavearest．—Notnow.Idon’twanttostop__________yet．(MET1985)A.studyB.tostudyC.forstudyingD.studying,解析:stopstudying意為“停止學(xué)習(xí)”。,D,5.—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists．—Don’tyouremember________methestoryyesterday?(1999上海高考)A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold,解析:remembertellingme意為“記得曾經(jīng)告訴過(guò)我”。,B,1.—Whatmadeyousoupset?—_____twoticketstothepopmusicconcert.A.LosingB.BecauseoflosingC.ToloseD.BecauseIhadlost2.Ican’timagine_______thatwiththem.A.doB.todoC.beingdoneD.doing,A,考考你,D,3.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost4.___isforbiddeninsidethepark.A.TocycleB.WecycleC.AnyonecyclesD.Cycling,B,D,5.Ican’tstand___withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses___talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop6.Theoldladyneeds____.A.lookafterB.tolookafterC.lookingafterD.beinglookedafter,C,C,1.Ifyoucankeep________(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised__________(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_________________(tell)lies!4.Iwillneverforget__________(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.Iforgot________(tell)herthenews;sosheknewnothingaboutit.,Completethesesentences:,reading,tocome,telling/totell,going,totell,出國(guó)旅行是很激動(dòng)人心的。Travellingabroadisveryexciting.2.在這兒等是沒(méi)用的,我們走吧。It’snousewaitinghere.Let’sgo.3.我記得在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)他。Irememberseeinghersomewhere.,Translation,4.我后悔沒(méi)聽(tīng)你的勸告。Iregretnotfollowingyouradvice.5.幫助別人就是幫助你自己。Helpingothersmeanshelpingyourself.,Formoreexercises,clickhere.,