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Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth! Section B (3a-self check) 【重點(diǎn)講練】 1. Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？ 辨析：need to be done; need doing與need to do ⑴ need doing=need to be done 需要被…現(xiàn)在分詞doing表被動“需要被做”，相當(dāng)于need to be done。 My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。 ⑵ need后加不定式，證明need為實(shí)義動詞，而非情態(tài)動詞，這時need有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 He needs to get up early. 他需要早起。 【小試牛刀】單項(xiàng)選擇。 Something is wrong with my car. It needs _____. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. to be repair 2. What or who is causing these problems? 什么或誰將會導(dǎo)致這些問題？ cause用作動詞，當(dāng)“引起，造成，使得”講。一般指引起或造成不好的結(jié)果。 cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接間接賓語+直接賓語)為固定用法。 He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents. 他給父母帶來很多煩惱。 【小試牛刀】改為同義句。 It caused him lots of worries. It caused lots of worries ____ him. 【達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練】 I. 單項(xiàng)選擇 1. My alarm clock doesn’t work. It needs ______. A. to be repaired B. repair C. to repair D. for repairing 2. His death was _____ by a high fever. A. spread B. caused C. got D. showed 3. His mother ____ a worker in that factory. A. used to be B. used C. used to being D. used be 4. —Your classroom is very clean. —Sure. It ________ after school every day. A. is cleaned B. cleans C. cleaned D. is cleaning 5. —He’s never stolen anything before, _____he? —______. It’s his second time to be taken to the police station. A. hasn’t; Yes B. has; Yes C. has; No D. is; No II. 將下面的句子改為同義句。 1. Both Tom and I were in the school library yesterday. ____ ____ Tom ____ ____ I was in the school library yesterday. 2. Reading in bed does harm to your eyes. Reading in bed ____ ____ ____ your eyes. 3. The old car caused me lots of trouble. The old car caused ___ ___ trouble ____ me. 4. He spent ten yuan on the book. He ____ ten yuan ____ the book. 5. My hair needs cutting. My hair needs ____ ____ ____. 專題復(fù)習(xí) 【語法點(diǎn)撥】 本單元復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、used to句型、被動語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時和情態(tài)動詞。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 （1）含義：表示正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動作。 （2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞（be 的形式隨主語的變化而變化） （3）基本用法： ①表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。特征：常常與now或具體的時間連用，有時句中會有感官動詞來提示，或通過上下文來暗示。 ②表示現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動作。這類動詞常常是延續(xù)性動詞。常于at present, this week, these days等連用。 ③表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。 現(xiàn)在完成時 （1）含義：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在還有影響。 （2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 （3）基本用法： ①表示過去發(fā)生的動作，但強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。特征：不能與表示具體的時間狀語連用。 ②表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去。常常與since, for, in the past + 時間名詞，in the last +時間名詞等時間狀語連用，而且謂語動詞要求是延續(xù)性動詞。 ③表示一種“經(jīng)歷或體驗(yàn)”，即可以表示經(jīng)歷過也可以是從來都沒有經(jīng)歷過。 被動語態(tài) 初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了七種被動結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如下： （1）一般現(xiàn)在時是被動語態(tài)：am / is / are + 過去分詞 （2）現(xiàn)在完成時的被動式： have / has + been + 過去分詞 （3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動式：am/ is/ are + being + 過去分詞 （4）一般過去時的被動式：was / were + 過去分詞 （5）過去進(jìn)行時的被動式：was / were + being + 過去分詞 （6）過去完成時的被動式：had + been + 過去分詞 （7）一般將來時的被動式：will / be going to be+ 過去分詞 （8）含有情態(tài)動詞的被動式： 情態(tài)動詞+be +動詞的過去分詞。 情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，如認(rèn)為“可能”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”、“必要”等。情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。后面一般跟動詞原形。 used to 結(jié)構(gòu) used to意為“過去常常做某事”，指的是過去的習(xí)慣性動作，目的在于與現(xiàn)在形成對照。used to是個情態(tài)動詞，其中的to是不定式符號，后面跟動詞原形。在美式英語中。它的疑問式是：Did ＋主語＋use to do sth．？否定式是：主語＋didnt use．．。在英式英語中，它的疑問式應(yīng)當(dāng)是：Used ＋主語＋to sth．？否定式應(yīng)當(dāng)是used not to或use（d）nt to。 He used to stay up late. 他過去常熬到很晚。 【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】 I. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher. 2. We should ____ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom ____ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees ____ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _____ (live) here for 20 years. II. 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet. A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived 2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards 3. —Where is Tom? —He ______ in his room. A. is reading B. reads C. read D. was reading 4. —May I go out now, Dad? — No. You _____ let your mother know first. A. can B. may C. need D. must 5. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk. A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinks C. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking 【寫作演練】 ★話題導(dǎo)入 本單元以“談?wù)撐廴竞铜h(huán)境保護(hù)”為話題，圍繞這一話題談?wù)撊藗冊谌粘Ｉ钪袘?yīng)該如何保護(hù)環(huán)境。這也是單元測試和中考等試題中常考的話題作文之一。 【習(xí)作在線】 保護(hù)人類共同的家園—地球是每個人的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。我們在生活中的點(diǎn)滴小事上也能做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容，談一談曾經(jīng)為保護(hù)環(huán)境做過哪些努力，將來還打算如何去做。 要求： 1. 詞數(shù)不少于50詞； 2. 開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)； 3. 意思連貫，條理清晰，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。 turn off the lights when you leave a room turn off the shower while washing hair stop using paper napkins take your own bags when shopping stop riding in cars ride a bike recycle books and paper 【中考全練】 1. Its getting dark. Please ________ the light. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn around 2. –How does Jack usually go to work? —He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight. A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walking C. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking 3. In the last ten month, September Miracle(奇跡)____on CCTV for more than five times and is popular all over the country. A. has played the piano B. has given out their song disks C .has written songs D. has performed 4.Not only my friends but also I _______ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star. A. be B. am C. is D. are 5. —At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. —More chances _______ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering Section B (3a-self check) 【重點(diǎn)講練】 1. C 2. to 【達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練】 I. 1.A sth. needs to be done 意為“某物需要被……”。 2. B cause 意為“引起；造成”。句意：他的死亡是由高燒引起的。 3. A used to do sth.意為“過去常用常做某事”。 4. A 由時間狀語every day可推斷出用一般現(xiàn)在時；it指代classroom，是動作的承受者，所以用被動語態(tài)。 5. B 由時間狀語before可推斷出用現(xiàn)在完成時，never是表示否定意義的副詞，所以附加疑問句用肯定形式；再根據(jù)答語的后半部分可推斷出“他以前偷過東西”；橫線上用yes。 II. 1.Not only but also 2. is harmful to 3. lots of to 4. paid for 5. to be cut 專題復(fù)習(xí) 【語法點(diǎn)撥】 I. 1.to be 2. clean 3. is sleeping 4. are planted 5. has lived II. 1. D“他還沒有出現(xiàn)”表示從過去某個時間開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 2. A 句子的主語Ba Jin是動作的承受者，應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動語態(tài)。 3. A 指“他(說話時) 正在房間里看書”。 4. D must 意為“必須”；句意：你必須先讓你媽知道。 5. A used to do sth. 意為“過去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth. 意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”；句意：她的兒子過去常喝可樂，但是他出在習(xí)慣喝牛奶了。 【寫作演練】 It’s our duty to protect the earth. I always turn off the lights when I leave a room. While I am washing my hair, I usually turn off the shower. Besides, if I want to shop, I always take my own bags instead of using plastic bags. I have decided to do more things to protect our earth, such as recycling books and paper and stopping riding in cars. 【中考全練】 1. A turn on 意為“打開”；句意：天黑了，請開燈。 2. A used to do sth. 意為“過去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth. 意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”；句意：—Jack如何去上班？—他過去常開車，但是現(xiàn)在他習(xí)慣步行去上班以便減肥。 3. D“九月奇跡”是一個歌唱組合，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)是在中央電視臺表演。 4. B not only … but also …引導(dǎo)的并列成分作用主語時，謂語動詞與but also后面的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。 5. B 主語more chances是動作的承受者，所以用被動語態(tài)。