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浪漫主義文學(xué),浪漫主義Romanticism,浪漫主義（Romanticism）是開始于18世紀(jì)西歐的藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、和文化運(yùn)動(dòng)，大約發(fā)生在1790年工業(yè)革命開始的前后。它注重以強(qiáng)烈的情感作為美學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的來源，并且開始強(qiáng)調(diào)如不安、驚恐等情緒，以及人在遭遇到大自然的壯麗時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的敬畏。浪漫主義是對(duì)于啟蒙時(shí)代以來的貴族和專制政治文化的顛覆，以藝術(shù)和文學(xué)反抗對(duì)于自然的人為理性化。浪漫主義重視民間藝術(shù)、自然、以及傳統(tǒng)，主張一個(gè)根基于自然的知識(shí)論，以自然的環(huán)境來解釋人類的活動(dòng)，包括了語言、傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗。浪漫主義受到了啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的理念影響，也吸收了中世紀(jì)文化復(fù)古的藝術(shù)成分?！袄寺币辉~來自于“romance”—代表了源于中世紀(jì)文學(xué)和浪漫文學(xué)里頌揚(yáng)英雄的詩賦風(fēng)格。,Romanticism,Romanticismisacomplexartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope,andgainedstrengthduringtheIndustrialRevolution.ItwaspartlyarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature,andwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature.Themovementstressedstrongemotionasasourceofaestheticexperience,placingnewemphasisonsuchemotionsastrepidation,horrorandawe—especiallythatwhichisexperiencedinconfrontingthesublimityofuntamednatureanditspicturesquequalities,bothnewaestheticcategories.Itelevatedfolkartandcustomtosomethingnoble,andarguedfora"natural"epistemologyofhumanactivitiesasconditionedbynatureintheformoflanguage,customandusage.,浪漫主義與音樂,浪漫主義三大音樂家莫札特、海頓、貝多芬,貝多芬和肖邦,浪漫主義繪畫,威廉特納所繪的《勇莽號(hào)戰(zhàn)艦》,歐仁德拉克羅瓦《自由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民》,背景,一，法國大革命以及自由主義（Liberalism）。二，德國古典哲學(xué)。三，英法空想社會(huì)主義（utopiansocialism）。浪漫主義者的烏托邦（Utopia）意識(shí)。四，文學(xué)淵源：《荷馬史詩》，騎士文學(xué)，英國感傷主義。,Friedrich所繪的《霧海上的流浪者》,WilliamBlake,WilliamBlake(28November1757–12August1827)wasanEnglishpoet,painter,andprintmaker.Largelyunrecognizedduringhislifetime,Blakesworkisnowconsideredseminalinthehistoryofbothpoetryandthevisualarts.,LakePoets湖畔派詩人,TheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglandattheturnofthenineteenthcentury.Asagroup,theyfollowednosingle"school"ofthoughtorliterarypracticethenknown,althoughtheirworkswereuniformlydisparagedbytheEdinburghReview.TheyareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovement.ThethreemainfiguresofwhathasbecomeknownastheLakeSchoolwereWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,andRobertSouthey.,威廉華茲華斯,WilliamWordsworth(7April1770–23April1850)wasamajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication,LyricalBallads.,威廉華茲華斯（WilliamWordsworth，1770年4月7日－1850年4月23日），英國浪漫主義詩人，與雪萊、拜倫齊名，代表作有與柯爾律治合著的《抒情歌謠集》（LyricalBallads）、長(zhǎng)詩《序曲》（Prelude）等。曾當(dāng)上桂冠詩人，湖畔詩人之一，文藝復(fù)興以來最重要的英語詩人之一。,SheDweltAmongTheUntroddenWays,ShedweltamongtheuntroddenwaysBesidethespringsofDove,AMaidwhomtherewerenonetopraiseAndveryfewtolove:AvioletbyamossystoneHalfhiddenfromtheeye!--Fairasastar,whenonlyoneIsshininginthesky.Shelivedunknown,andfewcouldknowWhenLucyceasedtobe;Butsheisinhergrave,and,oh,Thedifferencetome!,伊人居處車馬稀，鴿河源頭傍清溪。遠(yuǎn)離塵世無人頌，深愛伊人有阿誰？青苔石畔紫羅蘭，半隱半現(xiàn)于眼前！凄美猶如星一點(diǎn)，獨(dú)自閃耀在長(zhǎng)天。伊人在世無人知，伊人離世無人提。而今已是人天隔，獨(dú)有詩客情自迷!,LyricalBallads,LyricalBallads,withaFewOtherPoemsisacollectionofpoemsbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge,firstpublishedin1798;itistypicallyconsideredtohavemarkedthebeginningoftheRomanticmovementinliterature.Theimmediateeffectoncriticswasmodest,butitbecameandremainsalandmark,changingthecourseofEnglishliteratureandpoetry.,喬治戈登拜倫,喬治戈登拜倫，第六代拜倫男爵（GeorgeGordonByron,6thBaronByron，1788年1月22日英國倫敦－1824年4月19日希臘），英國詩人、作家，引領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷的浪漫主義文學(xué)泰斗。世襲男爵，人稱“拜倫勛爵”（LordByron）。他熱愛自由，除了支持英國的民主改革外，十分同情希臘的獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)，1823年他號(hào)召一支義勇軍，前往希臘支援作戰(zhàn)，不幸于1824年因瘧疾死于希臘。其代表作有《恰爾德哈羅爾德游記》，《唐璜》DonJuan等。,GeorgeGordonByron,GeorgeGordonByron,laterNoel,6thBaronByronFRSwasaBritishpoetandaleadingfigureinRomanticism.HeisregardedasoneofthegreatestEuropeanpoetsandremainswidelyreadandinfluential,bothintheEnglish-speakingworldandbeyond.Byron‘sfamerestsnotonlyonhiswritingsbutalsoonhislife.ByronservedasaregionalleaderofItalysrevolutionaryorganizationtheCarbonari.HelatertravelledtofightagainsttheOttomanEmpireintheGreekWarofIndependence,forwhichGreeksreverehimasanationalhero.,珀西比希雪萊,PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792–July8,1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.,OnAFadedViolet一朵枯萎的紫羅蘭,Theodorfromtheflowerisgone,這朵花的香氣已經(jīng)散失，Whichlikethykissesbreathedonme;如你的吻對(duì)我吐露過的氣息；Thecolorfromtheflowerisflown,這朵花的顏色已經(jīng)退去，Whichglowedofthee,andonlythee!如你曾煥發(fā)過的明亮，只有你！Ashriveled,lifeless,vacantform,一個(gè)萎縮、死的、空虛的形體，Itliesonmyabandonedbreast,它在我荒廢的胸口，Andmockstheheart,whichyetiswarm,以它冷漠和無聲的安息Withcoldandsilentrest.嘲弄我那仍熾熱的心。Iweep----mytearsreviveitnot;我哭泣，淚水無法復(fù)活它；Isigh----itbreathesnomoreonme;我嘆息，它的氣息永遠(yuǎn)不再；Itsmuteanduncomplaininglot它沉默、無怨的命運(yùn)，Issuchasmineshouldbe.正是我所應(yīng)得的。,濟(jì)慈JohnKeats,JohnKeats(31October1795–23February1821)wasoneoftheprincipalpoetsoftheEnglishRomanticmovement.Duringhisshortlife,hisworkreceivedconstantcriticalattacksfromperiodicalsoftheday,buthisposthumousinfluenceonpoetssuchasAlfredTennysonhasbeenimmense.ElaboratewordchoiceandsensualimagerycharacterizeKeatsspoetry,includingaseriesofodesthatwerehismasterpiecesandwhichremainamongthemostpopularpoemsinEnglishliterature.,Epitaph,ThisGravecontainsallthatwasmortalofaYOUNGENGLISHPOET,whoonhisDeathBedintheBitternessofhisheartattheMaliciousPowerofhisenemiesdesiredthesewordstobeEngravenonhisTombStone:(HereliesOneWhoseNamewaswritinWater.),WhenIhaveFearsthatImayCeasetoBe,WhenIhavefearsthatImayceasetobeBeforemypenhasgleandmyteemingbrain,Beforehighpiledbooks,incharactry,Holdlikerichgarnersthefull-ripendgrain;WhenIbehold,uponthenightsstarrdface,Hugecloudysymbolsofahighromance,AndthinkthatImayneverlivetotraceTheirshadows,withthemagichandofchance;,AndwhenIfeel,faircreatureofanhour!ThatIshallneverlookupontheemore,NeverhaverelishinthefaerypowerOfunreflectinglove;—thenontheshoreOfthewideworldIstandalone,andthink,TillLoveandFametonothingnessdosink.,每當(dāng)我害怕,每當(dāng)我害怕，生命也許等不及我的筆搜集完我蓬勃的思潮，等不及高高一堆書，在文字里，象豐富的谷倉，把熟谷子收好；每當(dāng)我在繁星的夜幕上看見傳奇故事的巨大的云霧征象，而且想，我或許活不到那一天，以偶然的神筆描出它的幻相；每當(dāng)我感覺，呵，瞬息的美人！我也許永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)再看到你，不會(huì)再陶醉于無憂的愛情和它的魅力！——于是，在這廣大的世界的岸沿，我獨(dú)自站定、沉思，直到愛情、聲名，都沒入虛無里。,維克多雨果,Victor-MarieHugo(February26,1802–May22,1885)wasaFrenchpoet,playwright,novelist,essayist,visualartist,statesman,humanrightsactivistandexponentoftheRomanticmovementinFrance.,維克多雨果（VictorHugo，1802年2月26日－1885年5月22日），法國浪漫主義作家的代表人物，是19世紀(jì)前期積極浪漫主義文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖，法國文學(xué)史上卓越的作家。雨果幾乎經(jīng)歷了19世紀(jì)法國的所有重大事變。一生創(chuàng)作了眾多詩歌、小說、劇本、各種散文和文藝評(píng)論及政論文章。,喬治桑,AmandineAuroreLucileDupin,laterBaronessDudevant(July1,1804–June8,1876),bestknownbyherpseudonymGeorgeSand,wasaFrenchnovelistandfeminist.喬治桑（GeorgeSand）（1804年7月11日－1876年6月8日），原名阿曼蒂娜－歐蘿爾－露茜杜班（Amandine-Aurore-LucileDupin），法國19世紀(jì)著名女作家，浪漫主義女性文學(xué)和女權(quán)主義文學(xué)的先驅(qū)。,