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五四語(yǔ)法二 代詞 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析 考點(diǎn)一 人稱代詞 1.人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓格既可在句中作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可以在系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)。 He knew where I was going.他知道我要去哪里。 I teach them English.我教他們英語(yǔ)。 The little girl in the picture is me.照片里的小女孩是我。 2．單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，排列順序?yàn)榈诙朔Q、第三人稱、第一人稱，即you, he/she and I; 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，排列順序?yàn)榈谝蝗朔Q、第二人稱、第三人稱，即we, you and they。 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx上海中考)My father is a good doctor. works hard to help his patients. A．He B．Him C．His D．Himself 2．(xx北京中考)My brother and I like football. play it together once a week. A．I B．They C．We D．You 3．(xx江蘇揚(yáng)州中考)—Who is the lady in red? —Miss Gao. She teaches English. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 考點(diǎn)二 物主代詞 1.形容詞性物主代詞不單獨(dú)使用；名詞性物主代詞用來(lái)代替前面已經(jīng)提到的名詞，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”。 —Is this your bike？這是你的自行車嗎？ —No, its her bike. Mine(＝My bike) is under the tree.不是，是她的自行車。我的(自行車)在樹下。 2．名詞性物主代詞可以與of連用作定語(yǔ)。 He is a friend of hers.他是她的一個(gè)朋友。 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx河北中考)Please come in, Alice. Welcome to house. A．her B．his C．my D．your 2．(xx重慶中考A卷)Im surprised at the new look of hometown. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 3．(xx江蘇南京中考)The schools in Qinhuai District will develop the museum courses suitable for children during school time. A．they B．their C．them D．theirs 4．(xx四川樂(lè)山中考)—The sunglasses on your desk are nice. Are they ？ —Yes, I got them from my parents as a birthday present. A．yours B．your C．yourself D．you 考點(diǎn)三 反身代詞 1.反身代詞可以作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 2．反身代詞的常用搭配： teach oneself＝learn by oneself自學(xué) enjoy oneself過(guò)得愉快 by oneself親自 help oneself to隨便吃 dress oneself自己穿衣服 lose oneself in沉浸于；陶醉于 —Who taught your sister English？誰(shuí)教你姐姐英語(yǔ)？ —Nobody. She taught herself.沒(méi)有人教她。她自學(xué)的。 Did you enjoy yourselves in the party？你們?cè)诰蹠?huì)上玩得開心嗎？ Girls, come here and help yourselves to some fruit.女孩們，過(guò)來(lái)隨便吃些水果吧。 ★總表： 　 性質(zhì) 數(shù)　　 主格 賓格 形容詞性 物主代詞 名詞性物 主代詞 反身代詞 單數(shù) I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourselves they them their theirs themselves 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx天津中考)—She is too busy to help us finish the work. —Lets do it ． A．herself B．myself C．itself D．ourselves 2．(xx貴州中考)Welcome you all to China and enjoy here. A．yourself B．yourselves C．themselves D．himself 考點(diǎn)四 指示代詞 1．this和these用于指距離較近的事物或人，that和those用于指較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。 This picture is clear and that picture is not clear.這張圖畫很清楚，而那張圖畫不清楚。 These are your books. They are here.這些是你的書，它們?cè)谶@兒。 Those are my books. They are over there.那些是我的書，它們?cè)谀莾骸? 2．打電話時(shí)用that問(wèn)對(duì)方是誰(shuí)，用this做自我介紹。 This is Mary speaking. Whos that？我是瑪麗，你是誰(shuí)？ 3．that/those指代上文提到的名詞。 The weather in Hangzhou is much warmer than that in Harbin in winter.杭州冬天的天氣比哈爾濱的天氣暖和多了。(that指代the weather，避免重復(fù)) 單項(xiàng)選擇 (xx貴州安順中考)—Mr. Han, how is the weather in Anshun now, please? —Actually, it is cooler than in Guiyang. A．it B．that C．this D．those 考點(diǎn)五 不定代詞 1．some與any some與any均表示“一些”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞 some一般用于肯定句中，若要表示說(shuō)話人希望得到肯定回答或表示請(qǐng)求、建議，應(yīng)用some any多用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句；any用于肯定句中，意為“任何一個(gè)” —Would you like some coffee？你想要些咖啡嗎？ —Yes, please.好的，謝謝。 There arent any students in the classroom.教室里沒(méi)有學(xué)生。 2．each與every each every 可以單獨(dú)使用 不可單獨(dú)使用 著重個(gè)別 著重全體 可以與of連用 不可以與of連用 指兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè) 指三者或三者以上中的每一個(gè) 不可以與not連用 與not連用時(shí)，表示部分否定 3.either與 neither either 指兩個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) neither 指兩個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)也不；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) There are many trees on either side of the street.在大街的兩邊有很多樹。 Neither of the books is good.這兩本書都不好。 4．both與all both 兩者都 否定詞neither all 三者及三者以上全都 否定詞none ★①短語(yǔ)both... and...意為“……和……都”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ②on both sides＝on each/either side在兩旁 There are many tall trees on either side of the road.道路兩邊有許多高大的樹木。 ③兩詞在句中放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，也可與of連用后接主語(yǔ)。 We are both students, and both of us like sports.我們倆都是學(xué)生，也都喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。 You can both swim, cant you？你們倆都會(huì)游泳，對(duì)嗎？ 5．a(chǎn) little, little, a few, few的區(qū)別 肯定意義 否定意義 后接名詞 a little little 不可數(shù)名詞 a few few 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。 There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里幾乎沒(méi)有水。 He has a few friends.他有幾個(gè)朋友。 He has few friends.他幾乎沒(méi)有朋友。 ★①a little, little可以用作副詞。 ②在反義疑問(wèn)句中，little和few的附加疑問(wèn)句部分用肯定形式。 6．other, the other, another, others, the others 單詞 詞義 用法 other 其他的 后接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞 the other 兩個(gè)人或物中的另一個(gè) 常構(gòu)成one..., the other... another 另一個(gè) 后接單數(shù)名詞或“數(shù)字＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞” others 另外的人或物 是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式 the others 其他所有 相當(dāng)于the rest或“the other＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)” 7.復(fù)合不定代詞 somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 沒(méi)有人 everybody 每個(gè)人 someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 沒(méi)有人 everyone 每人 something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 沒(méi)有東西 everything 每件事 復(fù)合不定代詞的用法基本與some, any一致。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞要后置。 I have something interesting to tell you.我有些有趣的事情要告訴你。 8．much與many much與many都表示“很多，許多”，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ) much修飾不可數(shù)名詞 many修飾可數(shù)名詞 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx湖北黃岡中考)—Did Qingdao show to the world during the SCO Summit (上海合作組織峰會(huì))? —Sure! Her beauty, high technology and rapid development. A．something special B．a(chǎn)nything special C．special something D．special anything 2．(xx湖北武漢中考)—Do you know where the last two Pictures went? —A millionaire bought of them. He thought they were worth. A．either B．each C．none D．both 3．(xx浙江溫州中考)—Do you like rock music or light music? — . I like Beijing Opera. A．Either B．None C．Both D．Neither 4．(xx湖北隨州中考)—Im worried about tomorrows talent show. —Be confident! If you dont believe in yourself, will. A．nobody B．a(chǎn)nybody C．everybody D．somebody 5．(xx上海中考)Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and is noisy. A．a(chǎn)nother B．the other C．other D．others 考點(diǎn)六 疑問(wèn)代詞 疑問(wèn)代詞有what, who, whom, whose, which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中，一般都放在句首。 Whats your name？你叫什么名字？ ★注意疑問(wèn)代詞構(gòu)成的一些固定句式，如What does sb. look like? 單詞 詞義 用法 who 誰(shuí) 作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) whom 誰(shuí) 作賓語(yǔ)，是who的賓格 whose 誰(shuí)的 作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，是who的所有格形式 what 什么 作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) which 哪個(gè) 作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx江蘇鹽城中考)— do you plan to buy? —I havent made up my mind. Ill just look around. A．Who B．How C．Why D．What 2．(xx黑龍江哈爾濱中考改編)—Qingdao is a beautiful city Ive ever been to. —So it is. Many international meetings are held there every year. A．whose B．which C．what D．who 考點(diǎn)七 it的用法 1．特指上文提到的事物。 —Wheres your office？你的辦公室在哪里？ —Its on the third floor.在三樓。 2．指不知性別的嬰兒或不確指性別的人。 —Who is the person over there？在那兒的人是誰(shuí)？ —It may be the headmaster.可能是校長(zhǎng)。 3．指天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。 Its about eight oclock.大約8點(diǎn)了。 4．在固定句型中作形式主語(yǔ)。 It is＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))是…… It is＋adj.＋(of sb.) to do sth.(某人)這么做真是太…… Its ones turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.是(某人)做某事的時(shí)候了 Its said/believed/reported that... 據(jù)說(shuō)/人們認(rèn)為/據(jù)報(bào)道…… It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事 It is/has been＋時(shí)間段＋since＋從句(過(guò)去時(shí)) 自從……以來(lái)，已經(jīng)有……時(shí)間了 5．作形式賓語(yǔ)。 I found it important to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx四川涼山中考)—I cant find my English book. Have you seen ？ —Oh, sorry. I have taken by mistake. A．them; my B．them; your C．it; mine D．it; yours 2．(xx四川眉山中考)We find impossible for us a foreign language well in a short time. A．one; learn B．it; to learn C．that; to learn D．this; learning 考點(diǎn)八 one的用法 one指代可數(shù)名詞，既可指人，也可指物。它既可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以放在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前作定語(yǔ)。 1．單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，泛指“人” “一個(gè)人” “人們”。 One should do ones best all the time.一個(gè)人無(wú)論何時(shí)都應(yīng)盡自己最大努力。 2．表示具體的“一個(gè)人”或“一件事物”。 He is not one who is easy to work with.他不是一個(gè)容易共事的人。 3．代替上文已出現(xiàn)過(guò)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指意義，以避免重復(fù)，ones代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 I dont like this sweater. Will you please show me another one？我不喜歡這件毛衣。你能再給我拿一件嗎？ 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx江蘇泰州中考)—More and more people give out “red packets” on WeChat to celebrate festivals. —Thats true. I have just received from my friend. A．it B．that C．one D．them 2．(xx安徽中考)—The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today. —Really? Lets go and buy for our new kitchen. A．one B．it C．that D．them 3．(xx江蘇宿遷中考)—Excuse me, I want some books, but I cant find a bookshop here. —I know on my way home. Come with me, please. A．this B．one C．it D．that 參考答案 考點(diǎn)一 1～3 ACB 考點(diǎn)二 1～4 CCBA 考點(diǎn)三 1～2 DB 考點(diǎn)四 B 考點(diǎn)五 1～5 BDDAB 考點(diǎn)六 1～2 DB 考點(diǎn)七 1～2 DB 考點(diǎn)八 1～3 CAB