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五四語法十 非謂語動詞 語法考點剖析 考點一 動詞不定式 動詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動詞原形”，否定形式是在不定式前加not，具有動詞的特點，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但沒有人稱與數(shù)量的變化，在句中也不能作謂語，動詞不定式及其賓語和狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。 1．動詞不定式作主語。 動詞不定式作主語時，可以用動名詞替換且常用it作形式主語，把不定式后置，常構(gòu)成“It＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋動詞不定式”。 Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(對我們來說)保護環(huán)境很重要。 2．動詞不定式作表語。 My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英語。 3．動詞不定式作賓語或賓語補足語。 ①后接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞或短語有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。 ②后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。 ③在使役動詞make, let, have和感官動詞see, feel, look, smell等的后面作賓語補足語時，不定式符號to要省略。help后的不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to。 ★make sb. do sth.的被動語態(tài)必須加to。 ★感官動詞之后，可以加do，表示動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生；也可加doing，表示動作正在發(fā)生或動作的一次性。 4．動詞不定式作定語。 I have a lot of homework to do.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。 ★不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面要有相關(guān)的介詞。 The cat is easy to take care of.這只貓很好照顧。 5．動詞不定式作狀語。 Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上?？此畠骸?表目的) Were glad to meet you here.我們很高興在這兒見到你。(表原因) He is too tired to work on.他太累了而不能繼續(xù)工作了。(表結(jié)果) 6．“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 疑問詞who, what, when, where, how, which等后接不定式，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。 The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴同學們做什么。 He didnt know where to go/where he should go.他不知道去哪里。 7．動詞不定式的特殊句型。 單項選擇 1．(xx上海中考)Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided his own restaurant. A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening 2．(xx四川成都中考改編)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport. A．to pick up B．picking up C．picked up D．pick up 3．(xx四川樂山中考改編)—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. Its dangerous it while crossing the street. A．a(chǎn)nswering B．a(chǎn)nswer C．to answer D．a(chǎn)nswered 考點二 動名詞 動名詞由“動詞原形＋ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語和狀語)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。 1．動名詞常用結(jié)構(gòu)： ①doing結(jié)構(gòu)有keep doing, avoid doing, consider doing, enjoy doing, feel like doing, finish doing, mind doing, stop doing, practice doing, suggest doing, understand doing, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing, there be sb. doing sth.等。 ②have＋n.＋(in) doing結(jié)構(gòu)有have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulties (in) doing等。 ③to doing 結(jié)構(gòu)有be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。 2．有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞，但表達的意義不同。 stop forget remember try (一)單項選擇 1．(xx湖北襄陽中考)The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. Youd better avoid in the center of the city. A．drive B．driving C．to drive D．driven 2．(xx江蘇南京中考)Some people enjoy out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea. A．to send B．send C．sending D．sent (二)單詞拼寫與運用 (xx江蘇鹽城中考)All of us should look straight ahead and keep (run)． 考點三 現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形＋ing”構(gòu)成，表示主動、進行意義，具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語、定語、賓語、補足語、狀語等。 The crying girl cant find her mother.那個正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。(定語) The story is interesting.這個故事很有趣。(表語) I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里學習。(賓語補足語) Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力學習，就會通過考試。(狀語) 考點四 過去分詞 由“動詞原形＋ed”構(gòu)成，表示被動、完成意義，在句中作表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語等。 She is very tired.她很疲勞。(表語) The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那個男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。(定語) She found the village greatly changed.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個村莊變化很大。(賓語補足語) 單詞拼寫與運用 (xx江蘇宿遷中考)Our earth is becoming more and more (pollute) because of the rapid increase in population.  參考答案 考點一 1～3 CAC 考點二 (一)1～2 BC (二)running 考點四 polluted