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第30課 主謂一致 課堂突破 概念 在英語中，句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞要保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致關(guān)系，叫主謂一致。 使 用 原 則 語法一致原則 句子的主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①Australia is an extremely rich country. 澳大利亞是個(gè)非常富裕的國家。 ②All the students except Lin Tao are planting trees on the hills. 除了林濤以外所有的學(xué)生都在小山上植樹。 意義一致原則 謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容在含義上是單數(shù)意義還是復(fù)數(shù)意義。如：The Chinese are industrious. 中國人是勤勞的。 鄰近原則 謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最鄰近它的名詞、代詞或其他詞的數(shù)。另外，neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，或由there, here引導(dǎo)的句子，并且主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常與鄰近它的那個(gè)主語保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。如： There is a dictionary and some books on the desk. 桌子上有一本詞典和一些書。 特 殊 的 情 況 1. 表示時(shí)間、重量、數(shù)目、價(jià)格、長度、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或詞組作主語時(shí)，盡管它們是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果把這些復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞或詞組看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。如： Three weeks is a short time. 三個(gè)星期是很短的一段時(shí)間。 2. 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。 3. 由and連接兩個(gè)單詞作主語時(shí)，要看其表示的意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果表示的是一個(gè)整體的概念或指的是同一事物，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示的是兩個(gè)不同的對象時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和教師走來了。（作家和教師是兩個(gè)人） ②The poet and teacher is one of my friends. 那位詩人兼教師是我的一位朋友。（詩人和教師指的是同一個(gè)人） 4. 集合（體）名詞people, police一般看作復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外一些集合（體）名詞，如family, enemy, class, army等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的實(shí)際含義而定。當(dāng)它們表示的是整體意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)或著重指個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？ ②My family is big. 我家很大。 ③My family are all at home. 我家人都在家。 5. 名詞性物主代詞mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該動(dòng)詞后面名詞的數(shù)，動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；動(dòng)詞后面的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①His is a new bike. 他的是新自行車。 ②Ours are old bikes. 我們的是舊自行車。 6. many a意為“許多”，但因其后面跟的是單數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Many a person has had that kind of experience. 許多人都有過那種經(jīng)歷。 7. none作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如： ①None knows/know a great deal about this experiment. 沒有一個(gè)人對這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)知道得很多。 ②None has/have been found. 一個(gè)也沒找到。 8. 注意population一類詞：用作整體概念時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語指“（人口）中的一部分”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The population of China is 1.36 billion and 70% of the population are peasants. 中國有13.6億人口，其中70%的人口是農(nóng)民。 9. ...percent of+不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；...percent of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①50 percent of the water is not very fresh. 50%的水是不新鮮的。 ②50 percent of the students come from Shanghai. 50%的學(xué)生來自上海。 10. every+單數(shù)名詞+and+every+單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl wants to go there. 每個(gè)男孩、女孩都想去那兒。 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. （xx嘉興、舟山中考）We only talk to each other when the waiter__________ （show） us the menu. 2. Nobody but two boys__________ （be） late for class yesterday. 3. Either Eve or Herb__________ （have） been invited by Lucy’s parents already. 4. —What__________ （be） the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them__________ （be） from England. 5. Everyone except Tom and John__________ （have） seen the film. 6. Swimming in the pool with friends__________ （be） very interesting. 二、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。（xx寧海中考模擬） seem next produce wide leaf Judy: China is famous for tea, right? Lin Tao: Yes, both in the past and now. Judy: Where is tea 1__________ in China? Lin Tao: In many different areas. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are 2__________ known for their tea. Judy: Well, can you tell me how to produce tea? Lin Tao: Sure. As far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the 3__________ are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for producing. Judy: What happens 4__________? Lin Tao: The tea is packed and sent to many different coun-tries and places around China. Judy: It 5__________ that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea. Lin Tao: Yes, people say that tea is good for both health and business! 三、任務(wù)型閱讀。（xx海寧中考模擬） 下面是一名導(dǎo)游的導(dǎo)游詞。請根據(jù)所給的簡單平面圖，將這段導(dǎo)游詞補(bǔ)充完整。 Welcome to our travel bus. I’m glad to be your guide. Now let’s begin our trip. Our bus starts at the bus station. Next to the station is a 1__________. If you are in need, ask the police there for help. Our bus is running on 2__________. Now turn your head to right. Can you see a big white house? It’s the History Museum. And 3__________ the museum is a small pool. Many people like swimming there. Now our bus is turning 4__________ to Green Street. There is a big maple tree on the left. It’s very old. OK, please turn your head to the right. It’s the 5__________. Across the theater is the square. Our bus will stop here for twenty minutes and there is a restroom for us to relax in. Now, please get off the bus.  參考答案 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、1. shows 2. was 3. has 4. is, are 5. has 6. is 【解析】“swimming in the pool with friends”是動(dòng)名詞短語，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 二、1. produced 2. widely 3. leaves 4. next 5. seems 三、1. police station 2. King Road 3. behind 4. left 5. People’s Theater