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題型五 任務(wù)型閱讀理解 話題1事物介紹 Passage 1 ［xx鄂州改編］ Bamboo is one of the natures most surprising plants. ①M(fèi)any people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass. Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground. but it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist recorded one bamboo plant that grew almost 15 meters in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe. ②There are more than 1,000 kinds of bamboo that grow around the world on both mountains and plains(平原). Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are very thin. They may only grow to be a few centimeters wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across. This plant also comes in different colors, from yellow to black to green. Many Asian countries have been using bamboo for hundreds of years. They often use bamboo for building new buildings. As a matter of fact, the cables (繩索) that hold up the hanging bridge across the Min River in Sichuan are made of bamboo. The bridge has been in use for more than 1,000 years, and is still holding strong. In Africa, ④engineers are teaching poor farmers how to use bamboo to find water. These African countries need cheap ways to find water because ③they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water. It seems that bamboo is one of the best things they can use. Bamboo pipes and drills (鉆) can help to make the poor thirsty fields be watered. 1.將文中①處畫線句子改為同義句。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.文中②處畫線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.寫出文中③畫線處“they”指代的內(nèi)容。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.將文中④處畫線句子改為復(fù)合句。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.What is the topic sentence of the passage? ________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 ［xx陜西改編］ Friendship Day is a great day for celebrating friendship. It falls on the first Sunday of August every year. Celebrating the festival was firstly started by the US in 1935. But now ①this doesnt only happen in the US. People in other countries are interested in it, too. ②The idea of spending the day with friends was spread all over the world. With more and more countries joining in the celebrations, Friendship Day soon became an international festival. Between 1935 and 1997, Friendship Day didnt have a symbol(象征), like Santa Claus for Christmas. However, in 1997, the United Nations named Winnie the Pooh as the worlds Ambassador (大使) of Friendship. The traditional celebrations include activities such as meeting with friends and exchanging (交換) cards, flowers and gifts. ③people, have, with, some, may, parties, friends, their(.) Some may have lunch or dinner together. Others may hang out or go to the movies with friends on this special day. These are popular among all age groups from teenagers to old people. Although Friendship Day and its celebrations may have changed over the years, the basic idea behind the festival remains the same. People enjoy the moment they spend together and express love and care for their friends. 1.寫出文中①處畫線代詞所指內(nèi)容。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.將文中②處畫線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.將文中③處畫線內(nèi)容連詞成句。（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)已在括號(hào)內(nèi)給出） ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.What does the writer think of the festival? ________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 Heavy smog has been covering many cities in northern China. ①It has caused the government to invent the mist cannon (水霧大炮). The mist cannon can be used to fight with pollution. The mist cannon is a large machine. It is fixed on a truck that sprays (噴灑) water mist. ②It is not well-known, but gain popularity. They were firstly used at building houses to reduce dust. But engineers have improved the machines. They want to make them send off drops of mist. “It is now for fighting airborne particles (大氣塵埃) and protecting the environment,” said Xu Yuexin, an engineer with Beijing Capital Group Boom-sound Environment Science & Technology Co Ltd. It provides the mist cannon service in parts of the capital. “The truck works by spraying water mist. Then they could combine with the dust and small particles to fall to the ground,” Xu said. Experts have found theyre effective, but have their limits. They are only one of the measures being taken. However, reducing emissions (排放) is still the best way to control air pollution for the longer term. ③The government should pay more attention to measures to cut emissions. As for people, we should also do our part in protecting the environment. For example, we can take a bus to school or work instead of driving a car. 1.寫出文中①處畫線代詞所指內(nèi)容。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.文中②處畫線句子有一處錯(cuò)誤，改正并抄寫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.將文中③處畫線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Where were the mist cannons firstly used to reduce dust? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.What does the passage mainly tell us? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 話題2學(xué)校生活 Passage 4 ［xx綏化改編］ Ladies and gentlemen, Thank you for coming today to ① _______ the graduation ceremony at No.3 Junior High School. First of all, ②Id like to congratulate all the students who are here today. I remember meeting all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school. You were all so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge. And yes, some of you were a little difficult to deal with! But today I see a room full of talented young adults who are full of hope for the future. Youve all grown up so much and Im so proud of you. Although youve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone. I hope youll remember the important people in your lives who helped and supported you—your parents, your teachers and your friends. Please consider what theyve done for you and what they mean to you. Never fail to be thankful to the people around you. Lastly, the end of junior high school is the beginning of a new life. I dont need to tell you that life in senior high school will be harder and that you have many difficult tasks ahead of you. Youll make mistakes along the way, but the key is to learn from your mistakes and never give up. But along with difficulties, there will also be many exciting things waiting for you. Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things, and you have the ability to make your own choices. ③Choose wisely and be responsible for your decisions and actions. Although you have to go your separate ways now, I hope that in a few years time, youll come back to visit our school. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldnt forget where you came from. The future is yours. Good luck and hope to see you again sometime soon! 1. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在文中①處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 將文中②處畫線句子改為同義句。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 將文中③處畫線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What will the life in senior high school be like? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why will you come back to visit your school after graduation? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 話題3咨詢建議 Passage 5 Look around and youll see people are busy on their smartphones. Smartphones do make our lives easier than before. But have you ever thought about what ①they mean to your eyes? According to a study, half of British people own smartphones and they spend an average (平均) of two hours a day using them.There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the U.K. who are shortsighted after smartphones were introduced there in 1997. ②Looking at smartphones for a long time give you dry eyes. When looking at something in the distance,your eyes automatically (自動(dòng)) blink a certain number of times. However, when you look at things closer to your face, the blinking slows down. This causes discomfort in your eyes. Another bad habit is using smartphones in dark rooms before going to sleep. If you look at a bright screen when your pupils (瞳孔) become larger, too much light enters your eyes. This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma(青光眼). While youre probably not going to stop using your smartphones, there are a few things you can do to protect your eyes. Hold your phone at least 30 centimeters away from your eyes when using it. Take a break every hour and try the following: look at something at least five meters away from you and then try to look at your nose. Repeat this several times. ③It should make your eyes more comfortable. So please remember to use your smartphones in a proper way. 1.寫出文中①處畫線代詞所指內(nèi)容。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.文中②處畫線句子有一處錯(cuò)誤，改正并抄寫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.將文中③處畫線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.When were smartphones introduced to the U.K.? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.What happens when your pupils become larger? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 話題4熱點(diǎn)信息 Passage 6 These days, a new kind of exercise has swept Shanghai. Around 100 people have practiced yoga (瑜伽) with ①their dogs in Pudong New Area since last June, which was the citys first Doga class. Doga means “yoga with dogs”. The practice first started in the USA 11 years ago. In the Tokyo Pet Show 2006 in Chiba （in the east of Tokyo） on March 31st, xx, about 20,000 people visited the countrys largest pet market while enjoying Doga. And in Britain, Doga is more poplar around the country. In a Doga class, pet owners take their dogs with them. ②The dogs and their owners work as one unit. When the owners do a sitting pose(姿勢(shì)), the dogs will lie down in front of them and maybe spread out their body. When the owners do a standing pose, they will hold their little pets in their arms. After the owners are done with their own lessons, they will give their dogs massages (按摩) and make them relaxed. Doga is not only good for the health of both humans and dogs, ③_______ improves relationships between owners and dogs. At home, some dogs often growl(吼叫). But at Doga classes, they relax and seem to understand their owners. They behave better when doing yoga. 1.寫出文中①處畫線代詞所指內(nèi)容。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.將文中②處畫線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.在文中③處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Where did the first Doga class take place in Shanghai? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.How many countries are mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了竹子這種植物。文章具體談到了竹子的生長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)以及它對(duì)亞洲和非洲人們的用處。 1.Although many people call this plant a tree, it is a kind of grass. 2.在全世界的大山和平原上生長(zhǎng)著1,000多種竹子。 【解析】more than多于；around the world全世界。 3.African poor farmers. 4.engineers are teaching poor farmers how they can use bamboo to find water. 5.Bamboo is one of natures most surprising plants. 【解析】分析文章內(nèi)容可知全文主要講了竹子的特點(diǎn)，文章的第一句話可以概括全文內(nèi)容。 Passage 2 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了友誼日，這個(gè)節(jié)日起源于美國(guó)，現(xiàn)在許多地方都慶祝它。在這天，人們開(kāi)展各種活動(dòng)，或會(huì)見(jiàn)朋友，或互贈(zèng)禮物，或一起吃大餐等等，來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)朋友的友愛(ài)和關(guān)心。 1.Celebrating the festival./ Celebrating Friendship Day.【解析】聯(lián)系第一段第一句“Friendship Day is a great day for celebrating friendship.”和第三句“Celebrating the festival was firstly started by the US in 1935.”可知，這一段主要描述友誼日的慶祝情況。因此，這里的“this”指的就是慶祝友誼日或慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日。故填“Celebrating the festival. / Celebrating Friendship Day”。 2.與朋友度過(guò)這一天的想法被傳遍了全世界。 3.Some people may have parties with their friends. 4.The activities to celebrate Friendship Day.【解析】題干意為：第四段主要告訴了我們什么？它主要是關(guān)于慶祝友誼日的。由第四段第一句“The traditional celebrations include activities such as meeting with friends and exchanging(交換) cards, flowers and gifts.”以及本段內(nèi)容可知，主要描述人們?cè)谟颜x日這一天的一些活動(dòng)。故填“The activities to celebrate Friendship Day.”。 5.Great/ Good / Wonderful/ Fantastic/...【解析】題干意為：作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)節(jié)日怎么樣？由第一段第一句“Friendship Day is a great day for celebrating friendship.”和文章內(nèi)容可推知，作者認(rèn)為友誼日是慶祝友誼非常美好的一個(gè)日子。故填“Great/ Good / Wonderful/ Fantastic/…”均可。 Passage 3 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了針對(duì)中國(guó)北方很多城市霧霾嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，專家們已經(jīng)研究出了對(duì)抗煙霧污染的大炮。雖然大炮在空氣清潔方面有一定的效果，但是最有效的方法還是減少污染排放。 1.Heavy smog. 2.It is not well-known, but gaining/gains popularity. 3.政府應(yīng)該更加注意減少排放的措施。 4.At building houses.【解析】題干意為：水霧大炮剛開(kāi)始被使用是在哪里？根據(jù)第二段第四句“They were firstly used at building houses to reduce dust.”可知答案。 5.The mist cannon can be used to fight with pollution.【解析】題干意為：這篇文章主要告訴我們什么？通讀整篇文章，可知這篇文章主要介紹了水霧大炮能對(duì)抗污染。第一段最后一句“The mist cannon can be used to fight with pollution.”表明了該文章的主題。 Passage 4 【主旨大意】本文是一篇演講稿。是一位老師在初三學(xué)生畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表的講話?；仡櫫巳陙?lái)同學(xué)們各方面的成長(zhǎng)和進(jìn)步，同時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生們的新生活提出要求和希望。 1.attend【解析】根據(jù)下文的ceremony(典禮，儀式)，所以空格處應(yīng)填“參加”。 2.I want to congratulate all the students that are here today. 3.明智地做出選擇，并且對(duì)你的決定和行為負(fù)責(zé)任?！窘馕觥縝e responsible for表示“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)任”。 4.It will be harder.【解析】題干意為：高中生活將是怎樣的？由文章第三段第二句可知答案。 5.Because we shouldnt forget where we came from./Because I (will) miss my teachers and school/Because we should be thankful to the people around us/Never fail to be thankful to the people around us.【解析】題干意為：你畢業(yè)后為什么會(huì)回來(lái)拜訪母校？本題為開(kāi)放性試題，答案不唯一。言之有理即可。 Passage 5 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了使用智能手機(jī)的危害，告訴我們長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用手機(jī)會(huì)引起眼睛干澀和青光眼。文章給了我們一些玩手機(jī)時(shí)保護(hù)眼睛的方法，并告訴我們要以正確的方式使用手機(jī)。 1.smartphones【解析】文中①處畫線單詞指代的內(nèi)容是什么？根據(jù)前一句所講的smartphones可知指的就是智能手機(jī)。 2.looking at smartphones for a long time gives you dry eyes.【解析】動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單三形式。 3.這應(yīng)該使你的眼睛更舒服。 4.In 1997.【解析】題干意為：智能手機(jī)是什么時(shí)候引進(jìn)到英國(guó)的？根據(jù)第二段最后一句“...after smartphones were introduced there in 1997.”可知答案。 5.Too much light enters your eyes.【解析】題干意為：當(dāng)你的瞳孔變得更大時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“If you look at a bright screen when your pupils(瞳孔) become larger, too much light enters your eyes.”可知答案。4. So please remember to use your smartphones in a proper way.【解析】本文介紹了使用智能手機(jī)的危害，目的就是告誡我們要用正確的方式使用手機(jī)。 Passage 6 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。狗瑜伽是去年六月以來(lái)在上海流行起來(lái)的一種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式。在這種運(yùn)動(dòng)中，主人和狗狗一起做瑜伽。主人擺好各種姿勢(shì)，狗狗模仿主人或和主人協(xié)同起來(lái)做某個(gè)動(dòng)作。這種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式對(duì)人與狗狗的身體健康都有好處，而且改善了人與狗之間的關(guān)系。 1.Around 100 people/People. 2.狗和它們的主人一起工作。 3.but also 4.In Pudong New Area.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：第一節(jié)狗瑜伽課是在上海哪里開(kāi)設(shè)的？由第一段第二句“Around 100 people have practiced yoga(瑜伽)with their dogs in Pudong New Area since last June, which was the citys first Doga class.”可知，上海第一節(jié)狗瑜伽課是在浦東新區(qū)開(kāi)辦的。故填I(lǐng)n Pudong New Area。 5.Four/4【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：這篇文章中提到了幾個(gè)國(guó)家？本文提到了美國(guó)、中國(guó)上海、日本東京的千葉和英國(guó)，共涉及四個(gè)國(guó)家。故填Four/4。