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被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 知識(shí)精講 一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的具體關(guān)系，分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用“被、受、給”等被動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義 。其結(jié)構(gòu)是由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞done”構(gòu)成的。be本身無(wú)詞義，但有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，其變化與時(shí)態(tài)中的變化一致。 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表（以動(dòng)詞do為例）： 時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 例句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are+ done The classroom is cleaned by us. 教室被我們打掃。 一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were+ done The kite was made by him yesterday. 昨天，風(fēng)箏被他制作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are+ being+ done Flowers are being watered by her. 花兒現(xiàn)在正在被她澆。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has +been+ done The work has been finished by Jim. 工作已經(jīng)被做完。 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall/be going to + be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 明天，樹(shù)將被他們種。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + being+ done A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday. 昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候一封信正在被寫。 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had+ been +done The work had been finished by Jim. 工作早已經(jīng)被他完成了。 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/may/must +be +done He can be found by me. 他不能被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 1. 不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例： The bridge was built last year. 這座橋是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman. 他被選為主席。 2. 當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，不需要時(shí)可以省略。例： The room hasn’t been cleaned yet. 房間還沒(méi)有打掃。 The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他殺死了。 3. 當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例： The window was blown by wind. 窗戶被風(fēng)吹開(kāi)了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。 三點(diǎn)剖析 一、考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。 二、重難點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義： 1. 英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是物。 例：This kind of cloth washes well. 這種布料很好洗。 2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例：How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢？ 3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，但感官系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, look, smell在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例：Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理。 三、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)： 1. 在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加上介詞to。 例：The great news made her feel happy. 可改為 She was made to feel happy by the great news. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 2. 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 例：The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 這場(chǎng)會(huì)議將會(huì)推遲到周五。 3. “動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) ”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。 例：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4. 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。 例：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 題模精選 題模一：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 例1.1.1 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. ____________________________________________ 例1.1.2 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： The old man is watering flowers in the garden. ____________________________________________ 例1.1.3 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： The boy always plays the computer games at night. ____________________________________________ 題模二：基本用法 例1.2.1 The boy _________ to get supper ready after school. A． were told B． is telling C． was told D． tells 例1.2.2 This dictionary mustn’t_________ from the library. A． take away B． taken away C． are taken away D． be taken away 隨堂練習(xí) 隨練1.1 將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1. They threw away the old book yesterday ____________________________________________ 2. He had written a letter to his mother. ____________________________________________ 3. People have seen the bear in this village. ____________________________________________ 4. The workers are repairing the bridge. ___________________________________________ 5. You shouldn’t bring dictionary to the English exam. ___________________________________________ 隨練1.2 This kind of books sells well. They_________ already. A． sold out B． have sold out C． are sold out D． have been sold out 隨練1.3 ---Your coat looks nice. Is it _________ wool? ---Yes. It is_________ Australia. A． made of, make by B． made of, made in C． made for, made in D． made from, made by 隨練1.4 The pizza _________ by my mother. Would you like to have some? A． makes B． was making C． made D． was made 隨練1.5 The classroom must _________ every day. A． be kept clean B． be kept cleaning C． keep cleaned D． keeps clean 隨練1.6 A．talk on Chinese history_________ in the school hall next week. A． is given B． has been given C． will be given D． gives 隨練1.7 Our house_________ now. A． is paint B． is being painted C． is got painted D． has got to paint 自我總結(jié) 課后作業(yè) 作業(yè)1 將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1. Have you posted the letters yet? ___________________________________________ 2. I must do all the exercise in time. ___________________________________________ 3. We are discussing the project at the meeting. ___________________________________________ 4. Every year our office holds a flower show in the park in April. ___________________________________________ 5. He had finished the work by the end of last term. ___________________________________________ 作業(yè)2 Mary_________ show me her new dictionary yesterday. A． was asked to B． has asked to C． is asked D． asks to 作業(yè)3 ThePeople’sRepublicofChina_________onOctober1,1949. A． found B． wasfounded C． isfounded D． wasfound 作業(yè)4 ThisEnglishsong _________bythegirlsafterclass. A． oftensings B． oftensang C． isoftensang D． isoftensung 作業(yè)5 Waste papershouldn’t _________here. A． throw B． bethrown C． tobethrown D． tothrow 作業(yè)6 Anewhouse_________atthecorneroftheroad now. A． isbeingbuilt B． isbuilding C． beenbuilt D． bebuild 作業(yè)7 Hisnewbook_________nextmonth. A． isbeingpublished B． ispublishing C． willbepublished D． hasbeenpublished 答案解析 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 題模精選 題模一：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 例1.1.1 【答案】 A．ten-speed bicycle has been bought by me. 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是has/have been done。 例1.1.2 【答案】 The flowers are being watered in the garden by the old man. 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是is/are/am+ being done。 例1.1.3 【答案】 The computer games are played by the boy at night. 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是am/is/are + done。 題模二：基本用法 例1.2.1 【答案】C 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再由句意可知是男孩被告知去做某事，was +done。故選C。 例1.2.2 【答案】D 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再由句意可知是字典禁止從圖書館被帶走。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)mustn’t +be+ done。故選D。 隨堂練習(xí) 隨練1.1 【答案】 1. The old book was thrown by them yesterday. 2. A．letter had been written to his father by him. 3. The bear has been seen by the people on this village. 4. The bridge is being repaired by the workers. 5. The dictionary shouldn’t be brought to the English exam. 【解析】 1. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was/were+ done。 2. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)had been+ done。 3. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)has/have been+ done。 4. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)is/am/are +being +done。 5. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)shouldn’t+ be done。 隨練1.2 【答案】D 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。already是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，并且books與sell out是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。再由句意“這種書賣的很好。他們已經(jīng)被賣光了。”可知，故選D。 隨練1.3 【答案】B 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。be made of 由…制成，be made in在…國(guó)家被做。再由句意“—你的外套看起來(lái)很漂亮，它是由毛制成的嗎？—是的，它被產(chǎn)于澳大利亞?！笨芍?，故選B。 隨練1.4 【答案】D 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。pizza與make是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。再由句意“披薩被媽媽做（過(guò)去的時(shí)間），您想要吃一些嗎？可知，故選D。 隨練1.5 【答案】A 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)must be done。再由句意“教室每天必須保持清潔?！笨芍?，故選A。 隨練1.6 【答案】C 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。next week 是一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Chinese history與give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選C。 隨練1.7 【答案】B 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。now是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。house與paint是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。 作業(yè)1 【答案】 1. Have the letter been posted yet? 2. All the exercises must be done in time. 3. The project is being discussed by them at the meeting. 4. Every year a flower show is held by our office in the park in April. 5. The work had been finished by the end of last term. 【解析】 1. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)has/have been+ done。 2. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)must be+ done。 3. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)is/am/are being+ done。 4. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)is/am/are+ done。 5. 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)had been+ done。 作業(yè)2 【答案】A 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。yesterday 是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。由句意可知，主語(yǔ)“瑪麗”與ask之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，was asked to do sth. 故選A。 作業(yè)3 【答案】B 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。on October1,1949是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。ThePeople’sRepublicofChina 與found (建立)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。was+ done。故選B。 作業(yè)4 【答案】D 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。often是一般現(xiàn)在是的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。song與sing 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。sing的過(guò)去分詞是sung。is often+ done。故選D。 作業(yè)5 【答案】B 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)shouldn’t be +done。Waste paper與throw是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。 作業(yè)6 【答案】A 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。now是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。new house與build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。build的過(guò)去分詞是built。is being+ done。故選A。 作業(yè)7 【答案】C 【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。nextmonth是一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。book與public是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。wiil be+ done。故選C。