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專題十九 任務(wù)型閱讀 第7講（上）xx北京西城二模五選五 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇五選五中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握五選五的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇五選五中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)五選五高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及五選五解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種五選五習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于五選五高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 refuse v. 拒絕 reply v. 回應(yīng) a amount of 大量的 the amount of … …的數(shù)量 complain v. 抱怨，訴苦 burst into 突然進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)） burst into tears 突然大哭 do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙 review v. 復(fù)習(xí) at present 目前，現(xiàn)在 honest adj. 誠(chéng)實(shí)的 limit n. 限度，限制 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. Grace has been working really hard on her studies and needed my help — although I didn’t have much time left for her.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：Grace真的一直都在學(xué)習(xí)方面很努力而且需要我的幫助—盡管我沒有很多時(shí)間留給她。 本句是一個(gè)由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，although“雖然，盡管”。 2. This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：對(duì)于一名今年六月份將要參加一次重要考試的初三學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，這是很糟糕的。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a junior 3 student。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于五選五解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解五選五的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了五選五的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、五選五解題步驟 第一步 讀選項(xiàng)，畫關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序 通讀選項(xiàng)，了解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，做到心中有數(shù)，至少能知道可供選擇的意思范圍，以便在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找出正確答案。 第二步 讀文章，抓過(guò)渡詞，找邏輯 通讀文章，關(guān)注段中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，抓住表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其他關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞，為下一步解題做準(zhǔn)備。 第三步 先易后難來(lái)解題 先填較容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或與選項(xiàng)有明顯邏輯關(guān)系的句子；再填較難的空，這時(shí)選擇范圍會(huì)變小，可以反復(fù)對(duì)比分析，進(jìn)行選擇。 第四步 回讀文章定答案 全部題目做完后，把所選擇的選項(xiàng)代入原文，檢查文章前后是否連貫，所選選項(xiàng)是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次確定答案。 二、五選五解題技巧 在五選五題型中，設(shè)空位置一般為三種：段首、段尾和段中。正確選項(xiàng)與空格前后句子關(guān)系緊密，主要依賴句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。接下來(lái)將從并列邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、指代邏輯、因果邏輯和總分邏輯五方面進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。 題型 題型一：并列邏輯 解題技巧 如果空格所在段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，通常選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。 典題精析 例題：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2 . 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來(lái)對(duì)第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知E選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對(duì)好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.” 題型 題型二：轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 解題技巧 1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含轉(zhuǎn)折含義的選項(xiàng)； 2. 選項(xiàng)含轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，另一種常見的考查方式是空格后對(duì)該選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述、說(shuō)明和例證。 典題精析 例題： 5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡(jiǎn)單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫作技巧。”，所以空格處應(yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個(gè)更好的作家不容易”。 答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.” 題型 題型三：指代邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)中含有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前的句中所含有的名詞代入后使上下文連貫； 2. 如果空格后句中有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)所含名詞代入后上下文連貫。 典題精析 例題：Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點(diǎn)為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.” 題型 題型四：因果邏輯 解題技巧 如果選項(xiàng)含有因果邏輯詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前后句與之符合因果邏輯關(guān)系； 典題精析 例題：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill 1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很嚴(yán)重”，這是事件的原因，那么空格處應(yīng)該填的是事件的結(jié)果，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)填C，意為“他們住在相同的病房里”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”. 題型 題型五：總分邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)類似于“There are mainly three types of …”則該選項(xiàng)一般位于文章較前面的位置，用于引出后文對(duì)這幾種類型的詳細(xì)闡述； 2. 如果空格位于某段段首，則一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。 典題精析 例題：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會(huì)有幫助”。 答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.” 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽選項(xiàng) （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) A But I still have homework left and I wanted to sleep B If anyone asks me for help, I always say, “Yes!” C I felt completely relaxed when I heard her reply D Studying is more important than other things E I still try my best to help others 通讀文章 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 記敘文 270 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Learn to Refuse Believe it or not, I’ve always been a people pleaser. I often put others before myself because I want to make my friends happy. ______ (1). “Can you help me with English practice?” Grace asked me on the first day after she became my desk mate. “Of course,” I replied without hesitation (猶豫). Grace has been working really hard on her studies and needed my help — although I didn’t have much time left for her. One day after school, while I was doing a huge amount of homework, Grace’s phone call came. She complained a lot and it made me feel bored, but I still felt bad about saying no. When Grace ended the call, the clock said it was 00:15 am. ______ (2). This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June. Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out. ______ (3), so Grace has to come the second. It’s now important for me to say no, no, no. “Can you do me a favor?” Grace asked. “Sorry … I just have to review my biology notes,” I answered. “All right, it’s up to you,” she said. ______ (4). Anyway, it’s not so hard to say no at all. To be honest, I have felt much happier since learning to refuse. I have more time to spend on my study at present. ______ (5), but sometimes I say no because I know everyone has a limit. A. But I still have homework left and I wanted to sleep B. If anyone asks me for help, I always say, “Yes!” C. I felt completely relaxed when I heard her reply D. Studying is more important than other things E. I still try my best to help others 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文，主要通過(guò)講述發(fā)生在作者身上的一個(gè)故事，告訴我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)拒絕這個(gè)道理。 1. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭袂熬湟鉃椤拔医?jīng)常把別人放在我自己前面，因?yàn)槲蚁胧刮业呐笥芽鞓贰?，這是我的習(xí)慣，所以后文應(yīng)該是對(duì)這個(gè)習(xí)慣的具體解釋，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知答案為B，意為“如果任何人向我尋求幫助，我總是說(shuō)‘好的’”。 答案：B 2. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯?？崭袂熬湟鉃椤爱?dāng)Grace掛斷了電話，已經(jīng)凌晨00:15了”，這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是睡覺的時(shí)間了，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選A，意為“我想睡覺了，但是我仍然有作業(yè)要做”，這與前句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，到了睡覺的時(shí)間，但是卻還有作業(yè)要做。 答案：A 3. 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯?？崭窈缶湟鉃椤八訥race必須是第二位的”，那么空格前應(yīng)該是說(shuō)明為什么Grace必須是第二位的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選D，意為“學(xué)習(xí)比其它事更重要”，所以學(xué)習(xí)是第一位的，Grace是第二位的。 答案：D 4. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭袂熬湟鉃椤昂冒桑赡銢Q定”她說(shuō)。這是Grace對(duì)我的回復(fù)，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選C，意為“當(dāng)我聽到她的回復(fù)，我感覺是完全放松的”。 答案：C 5. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。空格后句意為“但是有時(shí)候我說(shuō)‘不’，因?yàn)槲抑烂總€(gè)人都有一個(gè)限度”，這里的關(guān)鍵詞but證明前面的句子應(yīng)該與后面的句子意思相反，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選E，意為“我仍然盡我最大努力去幫助其他人”。 答案：E 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的五選五的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 并列邏輯 1、4、 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 2、5 指代邏輯 因果邏輯 3 總分邏輯 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 v. 拒絕 reply v. a amount of v. 抱怨，訴苦 burst into do sb. a favor v. 復(fù)習(xí) at present adj. 誠(chéng)實(shí)的 limit n. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 她突然哭起來(lái)，跑出了廚房。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 2. 你能幫幫我嗎？ ____________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Grace has been working really hard on her studies and needed my help — although I didn’t have much time left for her. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 4. This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 5. The system wastes a large amount of water. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 記敘文 227 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Just in Time! "Come on, Sasha," my father shouted, "Put the book down and get your clarinet(豎笛). We have to leave now if you dont want to miss class." Clarinet class? I thought to myself. 1. Yes, I would like to miss class. "Coming!" 2. I got out of the bed and picked up my clarinet and rushed to the car. My dad started the engine and we drove off. "Hope you have a wonderful class," dad said. "In my dreams," I spoke very quietly. "Not again," dad said angrily. I looked out of the window. 3. "Car traffic," I said under my breath with a big smile. This is my lucky day because I am going to miss class. While we were waiting for the cars to start driving again, I was sitting in my car seat, singing a song. 4. Whats important is that I was going to miss class. Great! "10 minutes passed," I said excitedly. My dad looked at me angrily. The car started to move. "Finally," my dad took a deep breath. We got there and I had only missed a few minutes of class. 5______________ "Just in time, Sasha. I was thinking you might be getting worried that you were going to miss class," my teacher made a joke on me—knowing well that I hated Clarinet class! A. Unhappily, I went into the classroom. B. Oh, right, I had clarinet class. C. Anyway, thats not important. D. I shouted at the top of my voice. E. I saw what was happening outside. 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 refuse v. 拒絕 reply v. 回應(yīng) a amount of 大量的 complain v. 抱怨，訴苦 burst into 突然進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)） do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙 review v. 復(fù)習(xí) at present 目前，現(xiàn)在 honest adj. 誠(chéng)實(shí)的 limit n. 限度，限制 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. She burst into tears and ran from the kitchen. 2. Can you do me a favor? 3. Grace真的一直都在學(xué)習(xí)方面很努力而且需要我的幫助—盡管我沒有很多時(shí)間留給她。 4. 對(duì)于一名今年六月份將要參加一次重要考試的初三學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，這是很糟糕的。 5. 這套系統(tǒng)浪費(fèi)了大量的水。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. B 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. A 第7講（下）xx北京西城二模閱讀表達(dá) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀表達(dá)中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀表達(dá)習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 private adj. 私有的，私人的 president n. 總統(tǒng) opinion n. 意見，主張 record v. 記錄，記載 behave v. 表現(xiàn) n. behavior crazy adj. 瘋狂的 political adj. 政治的 bite v. 咬，叮 過(guò)去式：bit 過(guò)去分詞：bitten amazing adj. 令人驚異的 even if 雖然，即使 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. Some felt it made him look like one of us — glad to record a moment with his “mates”. Others felt the head of state behaved like a crazy teenager.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：一些人感覺這件事使他看起來(lái)像我們中的一員—樂于記錄和他的“伙伴”在一起的時(shí)刻。其他人感覺這個(gè)國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者表現(xiàn)的就像一個(gè)瘋狂的青少年。 本句中包含著一個(gè)中考高頻句型“some…others…”，意為“一些…另一些…”。 2. There’s celebrity (名人) culture — unless you’re being noticed, you’re nobody.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：這是名人文化—除非你被關(guān)注，否則你什么人都不是。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)要注意。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語(yǔ)料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀表達(dá)的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀表達(dá)解題步驟 第一步 認(rèn)真審題，讀懂題意 做題時(shí)我們應(yīng)先閱讀所給的任務(wù)，明確任務(wù)是什么，再帶著任務(wù)去閱讀材料，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)，有針對(duì)性的去讀，并能提高閱讀效率。 第二步 快速瀏覽，掌握大意 明確任務(wù)后，應(yīng)迅速閱讀全文來(lái)了解文章主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的感情基調(diào)，作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。 第三步 細(xì)讀題目，完成任務(wù) 泛讀全文之后，就可以采用“跳讀”的方式來(lái)尋找細(xì)節(jié)在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)，“跳讀”的目的就是為細(xì)節(jié)尋找答案。 第四步 復(fù)讀文章，核實(shí)任務(wù) 完成所有任務(wù)后，還應(yīng)結(jié)合題目再把全文通讀一遍，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，要注意句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性、主謂一致等。 二、閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧 在閱讀表達(dá)題型中，要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，去完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個(gè)問題，主要考察學(xué)生捕捉信息的能力，綜合概括信息的能力和組織信息的能力。接下來(lái)將從細(xì)節(jié)題，是非題，主旨題和活用題四種題型的解題技巧進(jìn)行講解。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)題 解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)題一般對(duì)人，事，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，原因及方式等進(jìn)行提問，首先要審清題目要求，然后找出題目在文中出現(xiàn)的對(duì)應(yīng)段落，直接作答或用自己的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A? 2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people? 4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A. 典題精析 On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days. 問題：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“這個(gè)玻璃瓶在海里移動(dòng)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可將答案鎖定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。 答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 題型 題型二：是非題 解題技巧 提問形式為一般疑問句，首先鎖定范圍，在范圍內(nèi)劃出依據(jù)，然后使用Yes / No作答。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do parents have homework according to letter B? 2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? 3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000? 4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club? 典題精析 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it. 問題：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“Marianne Winkler是在xx年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)瓶子的嗎？”，根據(jù)第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。 答案：Yes. 題型 題型三：主旨題 解題技巧 抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分，先分后總還是總分總，確定總寫在篇首還是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述幾種情況，則綜合全文或段落，用自己的話進(jìn)行概括。中考閱讀表達(dá)中的主旨大意題一般由兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)構(gòu)成，常用的句型有： 1. 介紹某個(gè)物體，新興事物或抽象概念時(shí)：What……is. 2. 介紹某個(gè)人物時(shí)：Who……is. 3. 介紹做某事的方法時(shí)：How to do …… / How…… 4. 介紹某事物的優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn)時(shí)：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of …… 例1. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage? 解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book. 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage? 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 4. What do you learn from this story? 5. What is the purpose of this passage? 典題精析 Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威脅）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 問題：What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 解析：本題為段落主旨題。題干意為“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根據(jù)第四段段首句可知“澳大利亞允許更多的火自然燃燒”，而后面的內(nèi)容解釋的是這樣做的原因是保持森林健康，綜合這兩點(diǎn)并運(yùn)用in order to短語(yǔ)即可得出正確答案，應(yīng)填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。 答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally. 題型 題型四：活用題 解題技巧 主觀性最強(qiáng)，需要準(zhǔn)確把握主旨，圍繞文章的中心觀點(diǎn)列出要點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句，進(jìn)行潤(rùn)色，但要注意不能不著邊際，離題萬(wàn)里。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why? 2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 典題精析 I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________.（xx.1北京朝陽(yáng)期末） 問題：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 解析：本題為活用題。題干意為“在letter B結(jié)尾的空白處能夠填什么？”，這類題的答案比較靈活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要說(shuō)的是孩子們?cè)诩依镒鲆恍┘覄?wù)能夠幫助她們學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己，當(dāng)_____, 這一點(diǎn)是有用的。那么一定是孩子離開家，獨(dú)自生活的時(shí)候，答案與此主題一致即可。 答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own …… 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問題 （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) 1 What could Kim Kardashian be called? 2 Do politicians have to be very careful with selfies? 3 What happened when Todd Fassler tried to take a selfie with a snake? 4 According to the passage, why do the celebrities take selfies? 5 Do you think the selfie is good? Why? 通讀尋讀 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類 記敘文 393 6-8分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Crazy about selfies Since the xx Oscars ceremony selfie (自拍) of Bradley Cooper stormed the Internet, it seems that every one shows great interest. And now people are sharing even their most private moments. TV star Kim Kardashian could be called “the queen of the selfie”. She’s turned hundreds of her selfies into a book — at every possible moment, in all poses. If Kardashian is the queen, then you could say Barack Obama is the king. But though Kardashian has nothing to lose by sharing too much, the same can’t be said of the US president. Politicians have to be careful with selfies. The photo he took at the funeral (葬禮) of Nelson Mandela divided public opinions. Some felt it made him look like one of us — glad to record a moment with his “mates”. Others felt the head of state behaved like a crazy teenager. Unfortunately for the US congressman (國(guó)會(huì)議員) Anthony Weiner, his habit of sending his private selfies to women killed his political career (事業(yè)). Being crazy about selfies can also harm your health. Todd Fassler from California ended up in hospital after he found a snake — he tried to take a selfie with it. The animal wasn’t interested in the idea and bit him. Why do we take so many selfies? Dr. Terri Apter, from Cambridge University, told the Daily Telegraph: “We all like the idea of being in control of our image and getting attention, being part of the culture. There’s celebrity (名人) culture — unless you’re being noticed, you’re nobody. You have to get enough attention and show your life is amazing, even if it isn’t.” The word selfie was Oxford Dictionaries’ word of the year in xx. But many believe it started much earlier in 1839 as Robert Cornelius, a chemist from Philadelphia, uncovered the lens (鏡頭), ran into the shot for a minute before running back to cover the lens again. These days, you don’t need to run for a photo anymore and soon, you don’t even have to spread your arms. Now you are even able to take a selfie by drone (無(wú)人機(jī))! Fix your camera onto it, and it will follow your every move. Does it sound exciting to you? 1. What could Kim Kardashian be called? __________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Do politicians have to be very careful with selfies? __________________________________________________________________________________. 3. What happened when Todd Fassler tried to take a selfie with a snake? __________________________________________________________________________________. 4. According to the passage, why do the celebrities take selfies? __________________________________________________________________________________. 5. Do you think the selfie is good? Why? __________________________________________________________________________________. 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類的記敘文，主要介紹了自拍這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因，發(fā)展的過(guò)程，現(xiàn)在的狀況和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 1. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“Kim Kardashian可能被稱為什么？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第一段關(guān)鍵句TV star Kim Kardashian could be called “the queen of the selfie”.“電視明星Kim Kardashian可能被稱為‘自拍女王’”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：The queen of the selfie. 2. 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“政治家必須非常小心的處理自拍嗎？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第二段關(guān)鍵句Politicians have to be careful with selfies，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：Yes. 3. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“當(dāng)Todd Fassler嘗試和蛇自拍時(shí)發(fā)生了什么？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第四段關(guān)鍵句he tried to take a selfie with it. The animal wasn’t interested in the idea and bit him.“他嘗試和蛇自拍，這個(gè)動(dòng)物對(duì)這個(gè)想法不感興趣并咬了他?！保纯赏茢喑稣_答案為The snake bit him. 答案：The snake bit him. 4. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“根據(jù)文章，為什么名人要自拍？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第五段關(guān)鍵句There’s celebrity (名人) culture — unless you’re being noticed, you’re nobody. You have to get enough attention and show your life is amazing, even if it isn’t.” ，意思是“這是名人文化—除非你被關(guān)注，否則你什么人都不是。你必須得到足夠的關(guān)注并展示你的生活是令人驚異的，即使它不是”，由此句可知答案應(yīng)為“Because they want to get enough attentio