《中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十九 任務(wù)型閱讀 第1講 五選五+閱讀表達(dá).doc》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十九 任務(wù)型閱讀 第1講 五選五+閱讀表達(dá).doc（17頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

專題十九任務(wù)型閱讀 第1講（上）北京中考五選五 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇五選五中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握五選五的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇五選五中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過五選五高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累, 及五選五解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對各種五選五習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”, 在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于五選五高頻詞和長難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句, 快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 tip n. 小竅門 improve v. 提高，改善 hand in 上交，提交 grade n. 成績 benefit v. 對…有益 look up 查閱，查找 proper adj. 合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)? dependable adj. 可靠的 v. depend rewrite v. 重寫 usage n. 使用，用法 v. use necessary adj. 必要的，必須的 opp. unnecessary explain v. 說明，解釋 n. explanation 長難句（課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會翻譯的為差。） 1. Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：我們中的許多人不會在提高我們的寫作技巧方面花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間。 本句涉及高頻句型：①. “spend time / money on sth.”，意為“在…上花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）”； ②. “spend time / money (in) doing sth.”，意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）做某事”。 2. A common problem is that we don’t like to rewrite.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：一個(gè)常見的問題是我們不喜歡重寫。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 3. Reading aloud helps us not only find out our problems but also develop our writing.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：大聲閱讀不僅能幫助我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的問題，而且能發(fā)展我們的寫作。 本句涉及高頻句型 “not only…but also…”，意為“不僅…而且…”。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于五選五解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解五選五的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了五選五的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、五選五解題步驟 第一步 讀選項(xiàng)，畫關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序 通讀選項(xiàng)，了解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，做到心中有數(shù)，至少能知道可供選擇的意思范圍，以便在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找出正確答案。 第二步 讀文章，抓過渡詞，找邏輯 通讀文章，關(guān)注段中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，抓住表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其他關(guān)系的過渡詞，為下一步解題做準(zhǔn)備。 第三步 先易后難來解題 先填較容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或與選項(xiàng)有明顯邏輯關(guān)系的句子；再填較難的空，這時(shí)選擇范圍會變小，可以反復(fù)對比分析，進(jìn)行選擇。 第四步 回讀文章定答案 全部題目做完后，把所選擇的選項(xiàng)代入原文，檢查文章前后是否連貫，所選選項(xiàng)是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次確定答案。 二、五選五解題技巧 在五選五題型中，設(shè)空位置一般為三種：段首、段尾和段中。正確選項(xiàng)與空格前后句子關(guān)系緊密，主要依賴句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。接下來將從并列邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、指代邏輯、因果邏輯和總分邏輯五方面進(jìn)行說明。 題型 題型一：并列邏輯 解題技巧 如果空格所在段落要求補(bǔ)全說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，通常選項(xiàng)中會出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。 典題精析 例題：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2 . 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來對第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知E選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.” 題型 題型二：轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 解題技巧 1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含轉(zhuǎn)折含義的選項(xiàng)； 2. 選項(xiàng)含轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，另一種常見的考查方式是空格后對該選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述、說明和例證。 典題精析 例題：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫作技巧?！保钥崭裉帒?yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個(gè)更好的作家不容易”。 答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.” 題型 題型三：指代邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)中含有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前的句中所含有的名詞代入后使上下文連貫； 2. 如果空格后句中有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)所含名詞代入后上下文連貫。 典題精析 例題：Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點(diǎn)為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.” 題型 題型四：因果邏輯 解題技巧 如果選項(xiàng)含有因果邏輯詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前后句與之符合因果邏輯關(guān)系； 典題精析 例題：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.（北京朝陽二模五選五） 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很嚴(yán)重”，這是事件的原因，那么空格處應(yīng)該填的是事件的結(jié)果，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)填C，意為“他們住在相同的病房里”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”. 題型 題型五：總分邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)類似于“There are mainly three types of …”則該選項(xiàng)一般位于文章較前面的位置，用于引出后文對這幾種類型的詳細(xì)闡述； 2. 如果空格位于某段段首，則一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。 典題精析 例題：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會有幫助”。 答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.” 語篇精講 瀏覽選項(xiàng) （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號 選項(xiàng) A Prepare a list B The following tips can be helpful C Rewriting makes our writing better D It is not easy to become a better writer E Good word choices are necessary for good writing 通讀文章 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級 教育類 說明文 253 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Tips for Writing Better Articles Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2 . Check facts. If we want people to believe what we write, we must make sure our facts are true. We should use dependable facts. Rewrite.A common problem is that we don’t like to rewrite. In fact rewriting is the best way to find out and correct some mistakes, like grammar and spelling mistakes. 3 , though it takes more time and more work. Read aloud. Sometimes it’s easier to find problem with spelling, word usage, and grammar when we read aloud. Reading aloud helps us not only find out our problems but also develop our writing. 4 .Preparing a list is necessary for writing a good article. Such a list includes: Is there a proper title? Have we explained every point? Are all the parts of the article included? This can help us to make sure that we have covered everything. 5 .But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. A. Prepare a list B. The following tips can be helpful C. Rewriting makes our writing better D. It is not easy to become a better writer E. Good word choices are necessary for good writing 逐題分析 語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇教育類的說明文，主要介紹了一些如何寫出更好的文章的小竅門。 1. 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會有幫助”。 答案：B 2. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來對第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知E選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E 3. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第四段段中，是用來對第四段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞Rewriting與小標(biāo)題一致，故選C，意為“重寫能使你的作品更好”。 答案：C 4. 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。空格出現(xiàn)在第六段的段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知段首句為段落的主旨句，根據(jù)段中關(guān)鍵短語preparing a list可判定答案為A，意為“準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)列表”。 答案：A 5. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫作技巧?！?，所以空格處應(yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個(gè)更好的作家不容易”。 答案：D 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的五選五的知識和方法） 語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 并列邏輯 2、3 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 5 指代邏輯 因果邏輯 總分邏輯 1、4 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 n. 小竅門 improve v. hand in n. 成績 benefit v. 查閱，查找 proper adj. dependable adj. v. 重寫 usage n. adj. 必要的，必須的 explain v. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 我花了20分鐘寫這篇作文。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 2. 問題是是否他們能夠幫助我們。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 4. A common problem is that we don’t like to rewrite. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 5. Reading aloud helps us not only find out our problems but also develop our writing. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級 日常生活類 記敘文 256 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ A Special Delivery Ben and Sally lived in California with their two daughters. Ben liked travelling. _____1_______ , but sally stayed home with the girls. Ben and his friends owned a company. People at the company liked to play jokes on each other. One day, Ben’s friends wanted to play a joke on Ben and Sally. __2___The letter said, Dear Sally. I’m having a great time here in Africa. I’m sending a special gift to you. I hope you like it. Please take good care of it until I get home. Love to you and the kids, Ben Ben On the same day, Sally also got a phone call. The caller told her that a delivery was coming. At one o’clock, a truck stopped in front of Sally’s house. The truck driver gave Sally a rope. An animal was tied to the rope. It was a baby elephant! ______3_______ , and it began eating grass. Then the driver drove away. Sally stood there and held the rope to the elephant. She asked herself, “What can I feed an elephant with? Bananas?” _____4________ . He said, “It’s illegal (非法的)to have wild animal here.” Then the policeman gave Sally a ticket. Ben’s friends were hiding in the backyard and laughing. They had planned everything perfectly. They had rented (租借)the elephant from a zoo and asked the policeman to write the ticket! Ben’s friends also made a film of everything. _______5______ . When Sally learned about the truth, she couldn’t help laughing. A. So they sent a letter to Sally B. After a while, a policeman came C. The elephant ran into Sally’s yard D. They wanted Ben to watch the video E. One summer, he went to Africa on a trip A. So they sent a letter to Sally B. After a while, a policeman came C. The elephant ran into Sally’s yard D. They wanted Ben to watch the video A. So they sent a letter to Sally B. After a while, a policeman came C. The elephant ran into Sally’s yard D. They wanted Ben to watch the video E. One summer, he went to Africa on a trip 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 tip n. 小竅門 improve v. 提高，改善 hand in 上交，提交 grade n. 成績 benefit v. 對…有益 look up 查閱，查找 proper adj. 合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)? dependable adj. 可靠的 rewrite v. 重寫 usage n. 使用，用法 necessary adj. 必要的，必須的 explain v. 說明，解釋 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. I spent twenty minutes writing the composition. 2. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 3. 我們中的許多人不會在提高我們的寫作技巧方面花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間。 4. 一個(gè)常見的問題是我們不喜歡重寫。 5. 大聲閱讀不僅能幫助我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的問題，而且能發(fā)展我們的寫作。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. E 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 第1講（下）北京中考閱讀表達(dá) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀表達(dá)中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累, 及閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對各種閱讀表達(dá)習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”, 在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞和長難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句, 快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 drop…into.. 把…扔進(jìn)… sink v. 下沉 過去式：sank pick up 撿起，接載 damage v. 損害，毀壞 finally adv. 最后，終于 actually adv. 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 place v. 放置 n. 地方 depend on 依賴 return v. 返回 experiment n. 實(shí)驗(yàn) 長難句（課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會翻譯的為差。） 1. Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：當(dāng)Marianne Winkler在xx年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)瓶子的時(shí)候，它的旅行結(jié)束了。 本句包含了一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 2. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：據(jù)協(xié)會報(bào)道大約55%的瓶子被返回了。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 3. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Sea’s currents.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：他們補(bǔ)充到這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是一個(gè)成功因?yàn)樗故玖吮焙Ｋ鞯臇|西方向流動。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，as翻譯為“因?yàn)椋捎凇薄? 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于閱讀表達(dá)解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀表達(dá)的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀表達(dá)解題步驟 第一步 認(rèn)真審題，讀懂題意 做題時(shí)我們應(yīng)先閱讀所給的任務(wù)，明確任務(wù)是什么，再帶著任務(wù)去閱讀材料，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)，有針對性的去讀，并能提高閱讀效率。 第二步 快速瀏覽，掌握大意 明確任務(wù)后，應(yīng)迅速閱讀全文來了解文章主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的感情基調(diào)，作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。 第三步 細(xì)讀題目，完成任務(wù) 泛讀全文之后，就可以采用“跳讀”的方式來尋找細(xì)節(jié)在原文中的對應(yīng)，“跳讀”的目的就是為細(xì)節(jié)尋找答案。 第四步 復(fù)讀文章，核實(shí)任務(wù) 完成所有任務(wù)后，還應(yīng)結(jié)合題目再把全文通讀一遍，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，要注意句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性、主謂一致等。 二、閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧 在閱讀表達(dá)題型中，要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，去完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個(gè)問題，主要考察學(xué)生捕捉信息的能力，綜合概括信息的能力和組織信息的能力。接下來將從細(xì)節(jié)題，是非題，主旨題和活用題四種題型的解題技巧進(jìn)行講解。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)題 解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)題一般對人，事，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，原因及方式等進(jìn)行提問，首先要審清題目要求，然后找出題目在文中出現(xiàn)的對應(yīng)段落，直接作答或用自己的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A? 2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people? 4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A. 典題精析 On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days. 問題：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“這個(gè)玻璃瓶在海里移動了多長時(shí)間？”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可將答案鎖定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。 答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 題型 題型二：是非題 解題技巧 提問形式為一般疑問句，首先鎖定范圍，在范圍內(nèi)劃出依據(jù)，然后使用Yes / No作答。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do parents have homework according to letter B? 2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? 3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000? 4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club? 典題精析 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it. 問題：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“Marianne Winkler是在xx年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)瓶子的嗎？”，根據(jù)第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。 答案：Yes. 題型 題型三：主旨題 解題技巧 抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分，先分后總還是總分總，確定總寫在篇首還是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述幾種情況，則綜合全文或段落，用自己的話進(jìn)行概括。中考閱讀表達(dá)中的主旨大意題一般由兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)構(gòu)成，常用的句型有： 1. 介紹某個(gè)物體，新興事物或抽象概念時(shí)：What……is. 2. 介紹某個(gè)人物時(shí)：Who……is. 3. 介紹做某事的方法時(shí)：How to do …… / How…… 4. 介紹某事物的優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn)時(shí)：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of …… 例1. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage? 解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book. 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage? 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 4. What do you learn from this story? 5. What is the purpose of this passage? 典題精析 Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威脅）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 問題：What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 解析：本題為段落主旨題。題干意為“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根據(jù)第四段段首句可知“澳大利亞允許更多的火自然燃燒”，而后面的內(nèi)容解釋的是這樣做的原因是保持森林健康，綜合這兩點(diǎn)并運(yùn)用in order to短語即可得出正確答案，應(yīng)填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。 答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally. 題型 題型四：活用題 解題技巧 主觀性最強(qiáng)，需要準(zhǔn)確把握主旨，圍繞文章的中心觀點(diǎn)列出要點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句，進(jìn)行潤色，但要注意不能不著邊際，離題萬里。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why? 2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 典題精析 I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________. 問題：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 解析：本題為活用題。題干意為“在letter B結(jié)尾的空白處能夠填什么？”，這類題的答案比較靈活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要說的是孩子們在家里做一些家務(wù)能夠幫助她們學(xué)會照顧自己，當(dāng)_____, 這一點(diǎn)是有用的。那么一定是孩子離開家，獨(dú)自生活的時(shí)候，答案與此主題一致即可。 答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own …… 語篇精講 瀏覽問題 （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號 選項(xiàng) 1 How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 2 Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? 3 What was in the bottle? 4 Who was George Bidder? 5 Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea? 通篇尋讀 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級 日常生活類 記敘文 371 6-8分鐘 __/5 ★★★ A 108-year-old Message in a Bottle On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days. Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it. Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper was actually a postcard. On the back of the card there was this message: The Marine Biological Association（海洋生物學(xué)協(xié)會）would pay a shilling（先令）for the bottle. A shilling was a unit of money that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s. Winkler filled out the card and posted it. The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder, the president of the association from 1939 to 1945. The workers of the association searched on the Internet to find a shilling. They found one and sent it to Winkler as a reward. The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered. For this reason Marianne Winkler got a place in “Guinness World Records”（吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄）. She broke the record for the oldest message in a bottle. Winkler’s bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to sea. Between 1904 and 1906, he spent away more than one thousand bottles. He placed postcards inside them. The bottles were part of a research project to map currents（洋流） in the North Sea. This was the best method at that time. But whether the association could get the bottles back depended on the people who found them. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Sea’s currents. 1. How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. What was in the bottle? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Who was George Bidder? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 逐題分析 語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文，主要講述了Marianne Winkler撿到了George Bidder用于做實(shí)驗(yàn)的瓶子的故事。 1. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“這個(gè)玻璃瓶在海里移動了多長時(shí)間？”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可將答案鎖定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。 答案：For 108 year