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Unit 2 Working the land 一、閱讀理解 Nowadays a third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. The problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers. The investigation surveyed 2, 191 pupils aged 9 to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China. Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried “a lot” about exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teachers, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimes—with boys likelier to be victims than girls—and 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents. Most of the children plained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains—psychosomatic symptoms of stress—at least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week. The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme petitiveness in China’s education system, from the onset of primary school. “The petitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms, ” the authors say. “Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently. ” The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA). The “urban” setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, while the “rural” setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province. The study highlights some of the plexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure. One factor is the country’s dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created “previously unheard-of possibilities for upward mobility” and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school. Other reasons are China’s one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline. “The aspirations of many parents, who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now invested in their only children, ” it says. Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally e from Scandinavia. A 2008 assessment among 10-to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys and 30 percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week. 【文章大意】本文是一篇報(bào)告。文章講述了中國(guó)孩子們?cè)诿鎸?duì)大量考試中, 所承受的精神上和身體上的壓力, 以至于他們產(chǎn)生了很多不良現(xiàn)象。 1. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health? A. petitiveness in education system. B. Classroom stress and parental pressure. C. Physical punishment from their parents. D. Endless homework from school teachers. 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. ”可知B正確。 2. The underlined part “cope with” in Para. 5 most probably means ________. A. to fit in　　　　　 B. to adapt to C. to deal with　　 D. to get along with 【解析】選C。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章中的“Most of the children plained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ”可知: 大多數(shù)孩子抱怨他們掙扎著處理作業(yè)。猜測(cè)cope with意為: 處理。 3. What can we infer from the passage? A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon. B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools. C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren. D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第四段和第六段中的“Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains—psychosomatic symptoms of stress—at least once a week. ”可知D正確。 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Children in China sickened by school pressure. B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children. C. The investigation, led by University College London. D. Extreme petitiveness in China’s education system. 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。文章通篇談?wù)摰氖? 中國(guó)的孩子們?cè)诰裆虾蜕眢w上承受很多壓力之后, 出現(xiàn)的多種病態(tài)的表現(xiàn)。所以A正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．(2017江蘇高考)________(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 答案：Determining　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，即本句中Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings作主語，remains是謂語動(dòng)詞。 2．The ________(produce) of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business. 答案：production　由設(shè)空前的“the”和后面的“of”可知，應(yīng)填所給詞的名詞形式。production “生產(chǎn)；制造”。 3．Nowadays, children have more ________(free); they can do whatever they like. 答案：freedom　freedom 名詞“自由”，在本句中作賓語。 4．Cats can help rid the home ________mice. 答案：of　rid ... of “使擺脫或除去……”。 5．A heavy fire reduced 90 percent of the houses ________ashes. 答案：to　reduce ... to ... “使……淪為……”。 6．I bitterly ________(regret) that I had missed the wonderful film. 答案：regretted　所填詞由bitterly(副詞)修飾，且由從句中had missed可知，此處用動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)。 7．It is ________(disturb) to think about so much work to do. 答案：disturbing　disturbing “令人不安的”，在句中作表語。 8．The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs ________(catch)． 答案：being caught　本句中，lead to后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞(短語)，且the thief和catch存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填being caught，即動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，作lead to的賓語。 9．I am not ________(satisfy) with the way he cut my hair. 答案：satisfied　be satisfied with ... 為固定短語，意為“對(duì)……感到滿意”。 10．Though he is young, he is struggling ________(support) a large family. 答案：to support　struggle to do sth. “努力做某事”。 三、完形填空 Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t ___1___ a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today. My mother and father were ___2___ in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I ___3___ don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look ___4___ . We had to keep ___5___ of our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not ___6___ . One day, my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire ___7___ —and it was in the window, white, shiny, plastic and ___8___ with flowers, the basket winked at me and I knew—I knew—I had to have it. “It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her, “What a neat basket.” I tried to ___9___ at first, I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t stand it ___10___ :“Mom, please, can I please, get it? I’ll do extra chores for ___11___ you say, I’ll do anything, but I need that basket, I love that basket. Please ,Mom .Please?” “You know,” she said, “If you ___12___ you could buy this yourself.” “By the time I make enough it’ll be gone!” “There might be ___13___ way,” she said. And so our paying plan ___14___. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I ___15___ counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there. And then, weeks later, I counted, re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh, happy day ! I ___16___ ! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon…. Days later the ___17___ happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny, new bike. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this ___18___. And then ___19___ the lesson. I’ve taken with me through my life: “Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently ___20___ my hot tears. “Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.” 語篇解讀：文章主要講述了作者在媽媽的指引下通過自己的節(jié)省與努力買到自己心儀的物件的故事。 1. A. put B. made C. taken D. turned 【答案】D 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知是媽媽把這次買自行車配件的經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)變成了我一直記憶的好的生活教訓(xùn)，此處構(gòu) 成短語“turn…into”表示“轉(zhuǎn)變成……”之意，故 D 項(xiàng)適合。 2. A. different B. separate C. united D. opposite 【答案】C 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知我的媽媽和爸爸在養(yǎng)育子女的方式上是團(tuán)結(jié)一致的，A 不同的；B 分開的；C 團(tuán) 結(jié)的；D 相反的。 3. A. simply B. vaguely C. initially D. honestly 【答案】D 【解析】 依據(jù)上下文可知作者真的也不清楚他的媽媽是怎么做到那樣勤儉持家的， 故使用 D 誠實(shí)地， 真的； A 簡(jiǎn)單地；B 模糊地；C 最初地。 4. A. speechless B. effortless C. endless D. fruitless 【答案】B 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“媽媽把原本挺難得持家的事情變得很容易” ，與文中的“hard”一詞 相對(duì)應(yīng)。A 無語的；B 容易的，不費(fèi)勁的；C 無盡的，D 無收獲的。 5. A. track B. trail C. affection D. trap 【答案】A 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處構(gòu)成短語“keep track of”表示“記錄”之意，文章中講述的是“我們不得不記 錄好我們的東西，如果丟了就不會(huì)再有了” ，故 A 項(xiàng)正確。B 痕跡，蹤跡；C 喜愛，鐘愛；D 陷阱， 圈套。 6. A. replaced B. reflected C. instructed D. registered 【答案】A 【解析】依據(jù)上一句的內(nèi)容可知此處表示的是“取代”之意；A 取代；B 反映；C 教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)；D 登記， 注冊(cè)。 7. A. installed B. fixed C. equipped D. tailored 【答案】B 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“媽媽帶我去修理自行車的車胎” ；A 安裝；B 修理；C 配備，裝備； D 為……裁制衣服，為……做衣服。 8. A. filled B. decorated C. occupied D. performed 【答案】B 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“那個(gè)白色閃光且裝飾著鮮花的塑料車籃子” ，故 B 項(xiàng)正確。A 裝 滿；C 占據(jù)；D 表演。 9. A. hold on B. hold out C. hold off D. hold up 【答案】C 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“起初作者盡力不靠近那車籃子，但最終還是控制不了” ；A 堅(jiān)持， 稍等；B 維持，主張；C 不靠近；D 阻止，舉起。 10. A. any more B. more or less C. none the less D. any longer 【答案】D 【解析】 依據(jù)上下文與前面構(gòu)成短語“not…any longer”表示 “作者最終不能再控制好自己了” 。A 項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“not any more”主要是表示 “在程度上不再……” ； 此處結(jié)合前面的“…I played it cool for a short while. But then…”可知作者是在時(shí)間上再也不能忍了，故不適合；B 或多或少；C 仍然。 11. A. as long as B. as much as C. as well as D. as many as 【答案】A 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知作者在于他的媽媽協(xié)商，此處譯成“只要媽媽說什么都可以去做” ，A 項(xiàng)符合語 境。B 與……一樣多；C 和，與……樣好；D 與……一樣多。 12. A. put up B. turn up C. make up D. save up 【答案】D 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知作者的媽媽是讓作者自己省下錢去購買，故 D 項(xiàng)正確。A 舉起，張貼；B 出現(xiàn)， 調(diào)高；C 彌補(bǔ)，化妝，編造，組成；D 節(jié)省，節(jié)約。 13. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 【答案】B 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知媽媽提供了另一個(gè)解決方法，故 B 項(xiàng)正確。 14. A. unfolded B. scratched C. addressed D. guaranteed 【答案】A 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知在媽媽的提議下，作者的購買計(jì)劃開始了，故 A(打開，展現(xiàn))符合句意。B 抓， 刮；C 處理，演講；D 保證。 15. A. reluctantly B. thoroughly C. unconditionally D. eagerly 【答案】D 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“每個(gè)星期我都急切地?cái)?shù)著我節(jié)省下來的錢” ，故 D 項(xiàng)正確。A 不 情愿地；B 徹底地；C 無條件地。 16. A. helped it B. made it C. liked it D. deserved it 【答案】B 【解析】依據(jù)上下文中的“I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….”可知作者終于攢夠了說好的錢 的數(shù)量，B(成功做到)符合語境。A 幫得到；C 喜歡；D 值得，配得上。 17. A. unpredictable B. unbelievable C. unthinkable D. unbearable 【答案】C 【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“不能想象的事情發(fā)生了” ，故 C(不可想象)符合語境。A 不可預(yù)測(cè) 的；B 不可信，難以置信的；D 不能忍受的，空格處表示的應(yīng)該是出乎作者意料之外的事情，故 C 項(xiàng)最適合。 18. A. failure B. property C. disaster D. edition 【答案】C 【解析】 依據(jù)上下文可知在作者的眼里別人與他買了一樣的東西無異于感覺就如同災(zāi)難降臨一樣。 A 失?。? B 財(cái)物；C 災(zāi)難；D 編輯。 19. A. came B. caused C. invited D. participated 【答案】A 【解析】 根據(jù)上文可知， 此處表示作者懂得了其中的教訓(xùn)， 與 A項(xiàng)搭配合適。 倒裝句=and the lesson came then. 20. A. washing out B. clearing out C. taking away D. wiping away 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知，是媽媽幫助我檫去淚水的，D 項(xiàng)短語表示“檫去，抹去”適合語境。A 淘汰， 洗凈；B 清除，趕走；C 拿開。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．They focused all their attention to finding a solution to the problem. _____________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)to→on　focus ones attention on (doing) sth.“集中精力(做)某事”。 2．They equipped with two sharp axes and set off for the forest. _____________________________________________________ 答案：They后加were或equipped后加themselves　be equipped with和equip oneself with ... “配備有……”。 3．Some people say that Chinese tend to be satisfying with what they have. _____________________________________________________ 答案：satisfying→satisfied　be satisfied with “對(duì)……感到滿意”，主語通常為人。 4．Thanks for the success of the business, we can afford a holiday this year. _____________________________________________________ 答案：for→to　thanks to “多虧了；由于”。 5．She would rather to buy her clothes through the Internet than in the supermarket. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉to　would rather do A than do B “比起做B更愿意做A”。