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選修6Unit 1 Art 一、閱讀理解。 Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees(大黃蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony(群體)—showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test the intelligence of apes (猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task, and can also pass skills on through several generations. The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for ＂culture spread＂ — the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skills — may not be exclusive to humans. In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet. The strings were attached to discs — or artificial ＂flowers＂ — containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen. The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned to pull the ＂flowers＂ out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it. From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only two of 110 were successful. Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill. Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colony’s worker bees. Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees’ learning and teaching skills. 1.What does the underlined word ＂exclusive＂ in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Ordinary. B. Unique. C. Beneficial. D. Widespread. 2.What did the researchers find about bees? A. Bees learn best in insects. B. Bees are as clever as birds. C. Bees are born good learners. D. Bees can be trained to learn skills. 3.What may the research team focus on next? A. What else bees can do. B. Where bees learn skills. C. How bees teach others. D. How bees’ brain work. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. Small bees, great abilities B. Bees can learn and teach C. Bees are smarter D. Let bees learn 【文章大意】本文為說明文，屬于科普類文章。介紹了大黃蜂有學(xué)習(xí)能力，還會(huì)傳播自己學(xué)到的知識(shí)。 1.B 【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。依據(jù)第二段可知，大黃蜂也具有學(xué)習(xí)并傳播所學(xué)知識(shí)的能力，結(jié)合第三段本句話可知，這種能力并非人類獨(dú)有的，故選B項(xiàng)。 2.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三、四、五、六、七段可知，蜜蜂可以被訓(xùn)練學(xué)習(xí)技能。D項(xiàng)正確。 4.B 【解析】主旨大意題。綜合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，大黃蜂也可以學(xué)習(xí)并傳播所學(xué)技能，故選B項(xiàng)。 二、語法填空。 Has anyone ever thrown a party for you? Those parties __1__ birthday parties and wedding ceremonies are usually fun, and encountering friends we arent expecting __2__ be a wonderful treat as well. People are often surprised by new mails, or __3__ (see) an old friend at a grocery store. There are many kinds of ways that joy unexpectedly es into our life. Perhaps even better is a blessing in disguise. Assume that you are walking in the rain to a bookstore because your __4__ (favor) author is going to hold a meeting for her new book. You walk for an hour, and arrive pletely wet. __5__ you walk into the bookstore, you are told that the author is sick and wont be there. __6__ a disappointment! __7__ when you look across the room, you may see a friend with whom you havent talked in a year. Then you two agree to cross the street together to __8__ coffee shop, and talk for hours. The authors __9__ (sick) is unfortunate for you, but if she __10__ (be) not sick, you might not have coffee with your old friend. It is a blessing in disguise. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　 5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　 9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。生活總會(huì)給我們?cè)S多驚喜。你冒著雨去與自己最喜歡的作者見面，卻被告知作者生病不能前來，但你卻無意中遇到了自己多日不見的朋友，這就是我們生活中的驚喜。 1．like　考查介詞。由設(shè)空前的parties和設(shè)空后表示舉例的名詞可知，應(yīng)填like “例如；像”。 2．can　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由設(shè)空前的“arent expecting”和空后的“as well”可知，應(yīng)填表示理論上的可能性的can。 3．seeing　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示收到郵件或在雜貨店見到老朋友都會(huì)讓人感到意外。空處作介詞by的賓語，故應(yīng)使用see的動(dòng)名詞形式seeing。 4．favorite　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞author，指最喜歡的作家，故用favorite。 5．When/After　考查狀語從句的連接詞。此處指當(dāng)/在你走進(jìn)書店時(shí)/之后，故填When/After。 6．What　考查感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞?！癢hat＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語”為固定句型，在表意清楚的情況下，主語和謂語常常被省略，故此處用What。 7．But　考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故用But。 8．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。此處指“一個(gè)咖啡店”，表泛指，故用不定冠詞a。 9．sickness　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由上文中的“the author is sick”可知此處表示作者生病了，再由空前的“authors”可知此處應(yīng)用名詞。 10．were　考查虛擬語氣。此處表示要是你喜歡的作者現(xiàn)在沒有生病，你可能就沒有機(jī)會(huì)和老朋友喝咖啡了。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)用were。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 It was 3 am，a cold and wet night，on August 21,2010.I had just left a local club to travel ten kilometers home when I lost __1__ of my car on Grand Junction Road in Hope Valley. I __2__ into a still car that was __3__ in front of a house，and then hit a tree.I was badly injured！__4__ still，I had no idea that a fire had started __5__ the bonnet (引擎蓋)of my car. __6__ in the car behind me was a young man，who I later found out was called Jared.He saw the accident occur and __7__ to help me out of the car.He put his own life in __8__ when he got into the back seat trying to undo my seat belt. With my seat belt __9__ ，Jared then broke the drivers window to drag me out.He __10__ did this while my car was burning.__11__ by the crash，the homeowners came out to investigate(調(diào)查)．Jared told them to ring emergency services __12__ he continued to help me out of the car. I __13__ my life to Jared and I consider him a good friend due to the __14__ bond created on the night he dragged me to safety.I was rushed to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in a __15__ condition，five bones broken. I spent a few weeks in hospital，during which time Jared visited me to see how I was __16__.He also continued to contact me after I returned home.He says he doesnt believe that he did anything special.On that，I __17__ disagree with him and am very glad that he didnt get hurt in the __18__. Today，nearly seven years later，Jared and I still __19__ and often talk about the events of that night.Jared is my __20__ and my friend. 1．A.balance B．sight C．interest D．control 2．A.got B．stepped C．crashed D．hid 3．A.kept B．parked C．found D．stood 4．A.Worse B．Luckily C．Clearly D．Badly 5．A.off B．under C．near D．beyond 6．A.Sitting B．Sleeping C．Driving D．Waiting 7．A.stopped B．failed C．happened D．hesitated 8．A.practice B．hand C．safety D．danger 9．A.renewed B．undone C．repaired D．fastened 10．A.hardly B．gradually C．bravely D．naturally 11．A.Annoyed B．Dragged C．Warned D．Woken 12．A.while B．a(chǎn)lthough C．until D．since 13．A.devote B．owe C．take D．save 14．A.bloody B．social C．special D．loose 15．A.nervous B．pleasant C．normal D．serious 16．A.recovering B．operating C．struggling D．relaxing 17．A.eventually B．exactly C．totally D．probably 18．A.spot B．process C．way D．challenge 19．A.take care B．fit in C．drop in on D．keep in touch 20．A.angel B．owner C．doctor D．driver 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。七年前的一個(gè)夜晚，“我”的車失控撞到前面的車輛和樹木，然后起火，“我”受了重傷，“我”后邊的車?yán)锏哪贻p人勇敢將“我”從車?yán)锞瘸鰜聿选拔摇彼偷结t(yī)院。“我”康復(fù)后和那個(gè)年輕人成了好朋友。 1．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“hit a tree”可推知，“我”的車失控了。lose control of...為固定短語，意為“對(duì)……失去控制”，符合語境。故選D。 2．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“hit a tree.I was badly injured！”可推知，“我”撞上了一輛車?！癱rash into…”為固定短語，意為“撞上……”。故選C。 3．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“a still car”和空格后的“in front of a house”可推知，“我”撞上了一輛停在房子前面的車。B項(xiàng)意為“停放(汽車等)”，符合語境。故選B。 4．A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“I had no idea that a fire had started...”可推知，撞車本來就是一件很糟糕的事，而著火則令事情更加糟糕。worse still意為“更糟糕的是”，符合語境。故選A。 5．B　考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“the bonnet(引擎蓋)of my car”可推知，車的引擎蓋下面著火了，而作者并不知情。B項(xiàng)意為“在……下面”，符合語境。故選B。 6．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“He saw the accident occur...”及語境可知，這個(gè)年輕人目擊了這起事故；由此可推知，他當(dāng)時(shí)應(yīng)該是在我后面開車。故選C。 7．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文所描述的這個(gè)年輕人救“我”的過程可推知，此處是指他停下自己的車然后把“我”從車?yán)锞瘸鰜?。stop to do sth.意為“停下來去做某事”，符合語境。故選A。 8．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的車撞到了一輛車并起火；由此可推知，這個(gè)年輕人是冒著生命危險(xiǎn)將“我”從車?yán)镒С鰜淼?。put...in danger為固定搭配，意為“將……置于危險(xiǎn)之中”。故選D。 9．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上一段中的“when he got into the back seat trying to undo my seat belt”可推知，他先解開了我的安全帶。B項(xiàng)意為“解開，松開”，符合語境。故選B。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“while my car was burning”可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)車還在著火，所以將“我”從車?yán)镒С鰜砗芪ｋU(xiǎn)，他的這個(gè)行為很勇敢。C項(xiàng)意為“勇敢地”，符合語境。故選C。 11．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)文章第一句中的“It was 3 am, a cold and wet night”可知，此處指這家人被這場(chǎng)事故吵醒。D項(xiàng)意為“弄醒，醒來”，符合語境。故選D。 12．A　考查連詞辨析。句意為：Jared告訴他們打急救電話，同時(shí)繼續(xù)把“我”從車中拽出來。while意為“與……同時(shí)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩件事同時(shí)發(fā)生。故選A。 13．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處指“我”能活下來是因?yàn)镴ared。 owe...to...為固定用法，意為“將……歸功于……”。故選B。 14．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“created on the night he dragged me to safety”可知，此處是指在Jared救“我”的那晚我們就建立了特殊的聯(lián)系。C項(xiàng)意為“特別的”，符合語境。故選C。 15．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“five bones broken”可知，“我”被送往醫(yī)院時(shí)斷了五根骨頭；由此可推知，“我”的傷勢(shì)很嚴(yán)重。D項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)重的”，符合語境。故選D。 16．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語境及常識(shí)可知，Jared來醫(yī)院是看“我”恢復(fù)得怎么樣了。A項(xiàng)意為“康復(fù)，恢復(fù)”，符合語境。故選A。 17．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)前一句“He says he doesnt believe that he did anything special.”可知，他認(rèn)為自己并沒有做什么特別的事情。而“我”在這一點(diǎn)上完全不同意他的看法，因?yàn)樗攘恕拔摇钡拿?。C項(xiàng)意為“完全地，全部地”，符合語境。故選C。 18．B　考查名詞辨析。此處是指“我”很慶幸他在營救“我”的過程中沒有受傷。B項(xiàng)意為“過程”，符合語境。故選B。 19．D　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“often talk about the events of that night”可知，多年后我們?nèi)匀槐３种?lián)系。D項(xiàng)意為“保持聯(lián)系”，符合語境。故選D。 20．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，Jared救過“我”的命，因此“我”覺得他是“我”的天使、“我”的朋友。A項(xiàng)意為“天使”，符合語境。故選A。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 Dear Dave， Im very glad to receive your letter ask for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are my advice. Firstly, as a foreigner, you need to go and join the Chinese learning activity group. And the most important thing is to remember as much Chinese words as possibly. Besides, if you really want to improve your listening ability, youd better to read Chinese books, listen to the tapes and radio programs with Chinese. You can watch the Chinese TV programs as well. Last but not least, you can make some Chinese friends. Your friends can teach you a lot Chinese songs and introduce some Chinese festival to you, too. I wish we will have a good time. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Zhang Hua 答案： Dear Dave， Im very glad to receive your letter for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here my advice. Firstly, as a foreigner, you need to go and join Chinese learning activity group. And the most important thing is to remember as Chinese words as . Besides, if you really want to improve your listening ability, youd better read Chinese books, listen to the tapes and radio programs Chinese. You can watch the Chinese TV programs as well. Last but not least, you can make some Chinese friends. Your friends can teach you a lot Chinese songs and introduce some Chinese to you, too. I wish we have a good time. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Zhang Hua 難項(xiàng)分析： 第一處：ask→asking　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處在句中作定語，又與其邏輯主語letter之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。 第五處：possibly→possible　考查固定短語。as ... as possible是固定用法，意為“盡可能……”。 第十處：will→would　考查虛擬語氣。wish后接賓語從句，要用虛擬語氣，且此處是表示對(duì)將來的假設(shè)，故用would。 五、七選五