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Tales of the unexplained 一、閱讀理解。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。 Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least. “This is an animal study，but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important—not just for physical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(認(rèn)知的)development during ageing，”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada. “In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿爾茨海默病)，possibly to the point of preventing it.” Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box，they froze with fear. Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a pletely different box in a different room. The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations，suggesting they couldnt remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings. “The results suggest the amount of physical activity when were young，at least for rats，has influence on the brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when were older，” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells. 1．The study shows that ________. A．physical activity is important for physical health B．using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats growth C．physical activity can prevent humans Alzheimers disease D．the more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older 2．How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving an example. C．By describing the process. D．By showing differences. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Exercise.　　　　　B．Development. C．Benefit. D．Study. 4．What is the authors attitude towards the animal study? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文，介紹了一項科學(xué)研究，從而得出早期鍛煉對大腦終身有好處的結(jié)論。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least”可知，早期鍛煉似乎對大腦終身有好處，至少對老鼠來說是這樣的。故選D項。 2．C　考查寫作手法。根據(jù)第三段的“Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups...Around four months later...they froze with fear”和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小組對老鼠進(jìn)行實驗的過程。C項意為“通過描述過程”，故選C項。A項意為“通過分析原因”；B項意為“通過舉例子”；D項意為“通過展示不同點”。這三項均不符合第三、四段的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。 3．A　考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿爾茨海默病)”可知，身體活動很重要，對人類來說，它可能會推遲阿爾茨海默病的出現(xiàn)。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity”， A項與其同義，故選A項。 4．B　考查觀點態(tài)度。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了對老鼠進(jìn)行實驗的過程及其結(jié)果，并引用數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行說明，由此可知作者對動物研究的態(tài)度是很客觀的。B項意為“客觀的”，故選B項。 二、單項填空 1.The idea of traveling abroad really appeals to a lot of Chinese people. That’s why every year _______ more people applying for passports. A. promise B. expect C. witnesses D. instruct 【答案】C 【解析】句意：出國游的想法確實吸引了很多中國人，這就是為什么每年都會有很多人申請護(hù)照了。 promise預(yù)示；expect期待；witnesses見證；instruct指導(dǎo)。故選C。 2.If any of these symptoms _______ while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately. A. knocks B. occurs C. reaches D. applies 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在服藥期間如果出現(xiàn)任何這樣的癥狀，就立即去咨詢醫(yī)生。occur“發(fā)生”為不及物動詞，符合句意。knocks敲，擊，打，(心)怦怦跳；把……撞擊成(某種狀態(tài))；reach到達(dá)，夠到；apply應(yīng)用，運用；申請。 3.Almost all the buildings nearby were pulled down by the _______ of the explosion in a gas station. A. force B. strength C. energy D. power 【答案】A 【解析】句意：附近的房屋幾乎都被一家加油站爆炸的力量給震倒了。force 此處指“作用力，逼迫力”，符合句意。strength 指人體的“力量，力氣”；energy“能量，能源，活力”；power“能力，權(quán)力”。 4、A New York couple have been killed in a car crash on their way to hospital，but the unborn baby _______ the accident. A. experienced B. survived C. escaped D. fled 【答案】B 5.Soubry, UK’s former business minister indicated that it was time for women to _______ to “clear up the mess created by the men”. A. break up B. step back C. step up D. fold up 【答案】C 【解析】step up加緊，加強(qiáng)，促進(jìn)，加快，走上前臺句意：索布里指出，是時候讓女性們走到臺前，收拾這些男性們制造出來的混亂了。 6.—How do you think I can _______ with Tom? —Put aside where you disagree and try to find what you have in mon. A. keep up B. take up C. make up D. catch up 【答案】C 【解析】make up和解。句意：“你認(rèn)為我怎么才能和湯姆和解呢？”“擱置爭議，求同存異?！? 7.In order to find the witness _______ the murder, the police visited a great many citizens. A. on B. of C. to D. for 【答案】C 【解析】the witness to是……的目擊證人。句意：為了找到這起謀殺案的目擊證人，警察走訪了很多市民。 8.It suddenly occurred to him _______ he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that 【答案】D 9.In order to cooperate better with them, we must _______ our ties with them. A. provide B. strengthen C. fix D. negotiate 【答案】B 10.When Chinese people e to the United States, they fight for _______ first, and then desperately make money after they are recognized by others. A. survival B. remainder C. existence D. material 【答案】A 【解析】survival生存；remainder剩余物；existence存在；material物質(zhì)。句意：中國人去美國首先就是要解決自己的生存問題，然后得到別人的認(rèn)可后就拼命賺錢。 11.In time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep _______ with the rapid changes of society. A. touch　　　　　 B. pace C. step D. progress 【答案】B 【解析】keep in touch with 和……保持聯(lián)系；keep pace with跟上；keep step with與……步調(diào)一致，尤指一起行走；D項不與keep搭配。句意：在社會改革的時候，人們的心態(tài)容易跟上社會的快速變化。 12.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to _______ the drawbacks of Westerners’ philosophy. A. make use of B. make up for C. make out D. make sense 【答案】B 【解析】句意：一些社會學(xué)家建議，西方人應(yīng)該充分利用中國古代的智慧，來彌補西方哲學(xué)的不足。make up for彌補，符合題意。make use of利用；make out辨認(rèn)出；make sense有道理，講得通。 13.I am glad to find that on top of the mountain _______ from the time of the Roman Empire. A. lies ancient ruins B. lie ancient ruins C. does ancient ruins lie D. do ancient ruins lie 【答案】B 【解析】地點狀語“on top of the mountain”放在句首，句子要完全倒裝。句意：我很高興在山頂上發(fā)現(xiàn)了羅馬帝國時期的古代遺跡。 14._______ it is true that a student’s most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it does not need to be the only goal. A. While B. Whether C. As D. Before 【答案】A 15.—I ordered Pizza for dinner. It should be here any minute now. —Pizza again? We _______ Pizza every night for a week now! A. had B. were having C. have been having D. will be having 【答案】C　 【解析】句意：“我訂了比薩當(dāng)晚飯。它應(yīng)該隨時都會到的?！薄坝质潜人_？我們已經(jīng)連續(xù)一個星期晚上都在吃比薩了！”結(jié)合時間狀語every night for a week可知，是從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還沒有停止，故本題的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 16.—Will you regret your final decision to work in a rural munity? —No, I _______ it over. A. had thought B. have been thinking C. have thought D. would think 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)下文說“不后悔”說明“我”是經(jīng)過深思熟慮過的，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：“對你的去農(nóng)村社區(qū)工作的最后決定你會后悔嗎？”“不后悔。這個決定我已經(jīng)仔細(xì)考慮過?！? 17.—Shall Tom go and play football? —Not unless he _______ his homework. A. has finished B. finished C. is to finish D. would finish 【答案】A 【解祈】在unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時替代將來完成時。句意：“湯姆可以去踢足球嗎？”“除非他完成作業(yè)，否則不能出去?！? 18.—Look! How long ______like this? —Three weeks! It’s not unusual here that the rain _______ without stopping these days of the year. A. has it been raining; pours B. has it rained; poured C. is it raining; is pouring D. does it rain; pours 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“看啊！雨這樣下了多久了？”“三周了。在此地每年這個季節(jié)雨一直下個不停是很尋常的事?！备鶕?jù)語境可知，空一用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去開始的動作持續(xù)至今還會進(jìn)行下去；空二用一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀情況。 三、完形填空 Chris Marlow, a minister and father of two, would say that his life prior to 2009 was good but ordinary. Then a mission trip to Zimbabwe turned his entire world ___1___ upside down, and he returned to his home in North Carolina a(n) ___2___ man. It was on this trip that Marlow was faced with the ___3___ of extreme poverty that showed itself determinedly in the faces of ___4___ children begging for food. One orphaned boy, in particular, who slept on the concrete floor of an ___5___ gas station with dozens of other orphaned children, ___6___ Marlow’s life work forever. The young boy begged Marlow to allow him to work for him ___7___ food, as he had not eaten for days and was starving. It was an ___8___ that Marlow could not forget as he spent the following days of the trip driving through dusty roads and desperation, ___9___ to find a way to feed the hungry orphans. Marlow went on to found Help One Now, a non-profit organization that ___10___ ordinary people to help provide food, shelter, and education to poor children in Africa, Haiti, and around the world through ___11___ acts of generosity. In 2016 he published his first book, Doing Good Is Simple, the story of his transformative experience with the reality of severe poverty, as a ___12___ for others looking to make a positive ___13___ in the world from right where they are. The book does more than ___14___ people to do good—it puts the suggestion into action with every ___15___. “Early on, we decided that we would use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple to ___16___ meals for children in our munities around the world,” Marlow explains. “Every book that is ___17___ will provide five meals for children in one of our munities. In the first 30 days after the book’s ___18___, we hit over 30，000 meals.” Help One Now is ___19___ working to aid Haiti in the disaster relief of Hurricane Matthew. “We encourage those interested in working with the ___20___ to think of ways to help that fit their individual personalities and lifestyles,” he says. “And we also love to see you advocate for us.” 語篇解讀：本文講述一個叫 Chris Marlow 的人，在他的一次津巴布韋旅途過后，那里挨餓的孤兒的現(xiàn)狀改 變了他對世界的看法。于是他成立了一個組織，幫助那些沒飯吃的孩子。 1.A. economy B. map C. view D. tour 【答案】C 【解析】view 意為“看法”，符合語境，即一次旅行改變了他對世界的看法。 2.A. astonished B. changed C. inspired D. confused 【答案】B 【解析】過去分詞 changed 在本句中作定語，意為“改變了的”，即他回到家鄉(xiāng)時成為一個完全改變了的 人。 3.A. atmosphere B. shape C. addition D. reality 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他在旅途中看到了極度貧困的事實狀況。atmosphere(氣氛)；shape(形狀)；addition(增加)； reality(現(xiàn)實；事實)。根據(jù)語境可知選 D。 4.A. starving B. crying C. struggling D. running 【答案】A 【解析】starving(挨餓的)；crying(哭著的)；struggling(努力的；掙扎的)；running(跑著的)。根據(jù) children 后面的“begging for food”可知，A 項符合語境，即面對著一群正在討飯的挨餓的孩子。 5.A. abolished B. acquired C. attached D. abandoned 【答案】D 【解析】abolished(廢除的)；acquired(獲得的)；attached(附加的)；abandoned(廢棄的)。既然是睡在加油站， 所以可以推斷這一定是廢棄了的加油站。故選 D。 6.A. transformed B. transferred C. confirmed D. blocked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：一個孤兒改變了他的人生。transform 意為“改變”，符合語境。 7.A. in return for B. in favour of C. in exchange for D. in search of 【答案】C 【解析】句意：那個孩子請求 Marlow 讓他為他工作換飯吃。in return for(作為……的回報)；in favour of(支 持；贊同)；in exchange for(交換)；in search of(查找)。根據(jù)句意可知選 C。 8.A. interruption B. interval C. interview D. interaction 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語境可知，他去那些孤兒那里的活動(interaction)讓他終生難忘。 9.A. convinced B. determined C. prepared D. satisfied 【答案】B 【解析】他下決心(determine)要找到辦法養(yǎng)活那些挨餓的孩子們。 10.A. reminds B. equips C. requires D. permits 【答案】B 【解析】equip 在這里意為“使具備；使有準(zhǔn)備”，符合語境，即他成立的這個組織，使得普通人通過簡 單的行動，去幫助那些窮孩子，為他們提供食物等。 11.A. brief B. graceful C. simple D. courageous 【答案】C 【解析】同上題，即通過簡單的(simple)行動，幫助窮孩子。 12.A. measure B. rule C. tool D. guide 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他出版的書作為那些想要對世界起到積極影響的人的指導(dǎo)用書(guide)。 13.A. decision B. request C. difference D. ment 【答案】C 【解析】 同上題， 即想要對世界起到積極影響的人的指導(dǎo)用書。 make a difference 意為“有影響； 起作用”， 符合語境。 14.A. encourage B. entitle C. allow D. appoint 【答案】A 【解析】句意：這本書起到的作用還不只是鼓勵(encourage)人們做好事。 15.A. attempt B. purchase C. publication D. adoption 【答案】B 【解析】purchase 意為“購買”，符合語境，即每當(dāng)有人購買這本書的時候。 16.A. submit B. contribute C. pass D. provide 【答案】D 【解析】即他們用賣書的錢給孩子們提供(provide)食物。 17.A. written B. sold C. read D. bought 【答案】B 【解析】每賣出(sold)一本書可以給孩子提供五頓飯。 18.A. release B. recovery C. reservation D. registration 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在這本書發(fā)行(release)后的前 30 天，賣書賺的錢夠提供 30, 000 頓飯的。 19.A. eventually B. annually C. currently D. permanently 【答案】C 【解析】他成立的這個組織目前(currently)正在幫助海地災(zāi)區(qū)的受害者。 20.A. organization B. munity C. corporation D. government 【答案】A 【解析】即指本段開頭的 Help One Now 這個組織(organization)。 四、短文改錯 Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality. He always smile politely at me，make me absolutely delighted when I meet him.Whats more，honest is his good manner—he never lies me.In addition，he is the caring and passionate friend.Hes willing to help me whenever I have in trouble. The second reason is that Petou is really excellently.He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much. To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and him.I really like him. 【答案】 Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is he has a very warm personality. He always politely at me， me absolutely delighted when I meet him.Whats more， is his good manner—he never lies me.In addition，he is caring and passionate friend.Hes willing to help me whenever I have trouble. The second reason is that Petou is really .He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much. To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and .I really like him. 第一處：are改為is?？疾橹髦^一致。whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞是代詞“one”，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。 第二處：because改為that?？疾槊~性從句。主語為名詞reason，表語從句中的連接詞要用that。 第三處：smile改為smiles?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和主謂一致。由“which makes me”可知，主句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。 第四處：make改為making?？疾榉侵^語動詞。make與前面的謂語動詞之間無連詞，故此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。 第五處：honest改為honesty。考查名詞。形容詞不能作主語，應(yīng)該用名詞。 第六處：lies后加to?？疾楣潭ㄓ梅?。lie to sb.意為“對某人說謊”。 第七處：the改為a?？疾楣谠~。此處表示他是一個熱心并且有同情心的人，表示泛指，應(yīng)該用不定冠詞。 第八處：刪除in?？疾榻樵~。句意：無論何時我有困難，他都愿意幫助我。have trouble意為“有困難”，in多余。 第九處：excellently改為excellent?？疾樾稳菰~。作is的表語應(yīng)該用形容詞。 第十處：him改為me?？疾榇~。Petou能幫助別人也能幫助我。