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Unit 1 一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí) （一）單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are ________ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer. 答案：that　句意為：浙江的高考新計(jì)劃是考生必須參加語(yǔ)文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)和他們喜歡的其他三科的考試。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺成分和意義，故用that引導(dǎo)。 12．(2015天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考改編)There is a strong possibility ________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future. 答案：that　句意為：人類在將來(lái)主要依靠太陽(yáng)能是非常有可能的。設(shè)空后的從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少成分，且是對(duì)possibility的進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明，故設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，故填that。 3．(2014湖南，24改編)As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 答案：what　句意為：正如約翰列儂曾經(jīng)所說(shuō)，生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計(jì)劃的時(shí)候發(fā)生在你身上的事情。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，故填what。 4．(2014陜西，15改編)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 答案：When　句意為：延誤的航班將何時(shí)起飛主要取決于天氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，depends much on是句子的謂語(yǔ)，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意，設(shè)空處在主語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。 5．(2014福建，34改編)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ youre afraid to do. 答案：what/whatever/anything　句意為：振作起來(lái)，勇氣就是去做(任何)你害怕做的事。分析題干可知，doing后為賓語(yǔ)從句，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)且表物。也可填anything。 （二）英漢互譯 1、△cultural adj. __________ 2、△relic n. __________ 3、rare adj. __________ 4、valuable adj. __________ 5、survive vi. __________ 6、vase n. __________ 7、dynasty n. __________ 8、△Taj Mahal __________ 9、△ivory n. __________ 10、△dragon n. __________ 11、△amber n. __________ 12、in search of __________ 13△Frederick William I __________ 14、△Prussia n. __________ 15、amaze vt. __________ 16、 amazing adj. __________ 17、select vt. __________ 18、honey n. __________ 19、design n. vt. __________ 20、fancy adj. vt. __________ 21、style n. __________ 22、decorate v. __________ 23、jewel n. __________ 24、artist n. __________ 25、belong vi. __________ 26、belong to __________ 27、△Peter the Great __________ 28、in return __________ 29、△Czar n. __________ 30、troop n. __________ 31、△St Petersburg n. __________ 32、reception n. __________ 33、△Catherine Ⅱ __________ 35、at war __________ 36、remove vt. __________ 37、less than __________ 38、wooden adj. __________ 39、doubt n. vt. __________ 40、△Konigsberg n. __________ 41、△the Baltic Sea __________ 42、△mystery n. __________ 43、former adj. __________ 44、worth prep. adj. __________ 45、△rebuild vt. __________ 46、local adj. __________ 47、apart adv. __________ 48、take apart __________ 49、△Leningrad n. __________ 50、painting n. __________ 51、castle n. __________ 52、△Windsor Castle __________ 53、trial n. __________ 54、△eyewitness n. __________ 55、evidence n. __________ 56、△Jan Hasek __________ 57、△Czech Republic __________ 58、explode vi. __________ 59、entrance n. __________ 60、△Hans Braun __________ 61、sailor n. __________ 62、sink vi. (sank, sunk; sunk, sunken) __________ 63、△Anna Petrov__________ 64、maid n. __________ 65、△Berlin n. __________ 66、think highly of __________ 67、△Johann Webber__________ 68、informal adj. __________ 69、debate n. vi. __________ 二、閱讀理解 A Aging brings wrinkles, sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not all bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: Attitude is everything. Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger and stressed opposites. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people bee more fortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work. But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older. "The notion that those in old age are happiest is misleading," said Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. "It is based on paring people of different ages who are the same in terms of ine, health, family life." Easterlin added, "When you take account of the fact that older people have lower ine than younger, are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone, then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier. In fact, scientists have found that as people age, their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy. Even if one does give in to ages dark side, health and happiness dont always go hand-in-hand. Its all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness. Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. “Most people desire happiness,” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.” 1.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. The key factor to older adults’ happiness B. There is a conflict between aging and happiness C. No one can define the limit to happiness. D. The relationship between health and happiness. 2.Why are some seniors happier according to some experts? A. They focus on what makes them feel good. B. They have their own circle of friends. C. They have better ine after retirement. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness. B. Attitude may play a very important role in happiness. C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy. D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic. 4.What’s the topic discussed in the passage? A. Whether aging or attitude brings happiness. B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society. C. What the limit to an elder person’s happiness is. D. How older people feel pared with younger people. 【文章大意】隨著年齡的增加變老，人們的幸福感也是不一樣的。一些人認(rèn)為老年人會(huì)更幸福些，而另一部分分則持有相反的觀點(diǎn)。無(wú)論如何，幸福的關(guān)鍵在于一個(gè)人對(duì)生活的態(tài)度。 1.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)此段中“the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life… no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”可知，幸福是沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和限度的。故選C。 3.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Its all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.”可知，人們對(duì)生活和幸福的感覺(jué)主要取決于一個(gè)人的態(tài)度。故選B。 B About Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle plays an important role in Scotland’s capital. During the Wars of Scottish Independence the castle changed hands many times. In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce. The castle was home to kings and queens. Queen Margaret died here in 1093, and Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566. From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military(軍事的) base. Later it also held prisoners of war. Parts of the castle are still a military base, but it is now a world－famous visitor attraction. Opening Hours The castle opens daily at 9：30 a．m. Closing time varies seasonally. 1 April－30 September：It closes at 6 p．m. 1 October－31 March：It closes at 5 p．m. The castle is closed on 25th and 26th December. On January 1st it is open from 11 a．m. to 5 p．m. and normal hours start from January 2nd. Last admission is 1 hour before closing. Ticket Types and Prices Beat the queues and book ahead online using our web store for fast－track entry at no extra cost. Members do not need to queue at the ticket office, and simply need to show their card at Visitor Information. Prices Adult(16－59 years) ￡ 16.50 Child(5－15 years) ￡ 9.90 Special(60＋years and unemployed) ￡ 13.20 Children under 5 years old go free. They must be acpanied by an adult. Guided Tours A guided tour is included in your ticket price—our guides love sharing their stories.They are experienced, knowledgeable and are always happy to answer questions, so it’s a great way to discover the castle’s amazing past. Guided tours take place throughout the day and the meeting point is through the Portcullis Gate past the audio booth by the clock. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　該文主要介紹了去愛(ài)丁堡城堡游覽的相關(guān)事宜。 1．What can be inferred about Edinburgh Castle from the text? A．It was used as a prison in the 1 500s. B．It now works only as a tourist attraction. C．It was the birthplace of Queen Margaret. D．It was once owned by non－Scottish people. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一部分的“In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce.”可知，愛(ài)丁堡城堡曾經(jīng)被英國(guó)人占領(lǐng)和控制，故選D。 2．When can visitors visit Edinburgh Castle on New Year’s Day? A．4 p．m.－6 p．m.　　　 B．3 p．m.－5 p．m. C．10 a．m.－12 a．m. D．9 a．m.－11 a．m. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分的“On January 1st it is open from 11 a．m. to 5 p．m. and normal hours start from January 2nd.”可知，新年這天可以參觀愛(ài)丁堡城堡的時(shí)間是上午11點(diǎn)到下午5點(diǎn)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知選B。 3．How much should jobless Jack and his twin grandchildren aged 5 pay in all to visit Edinburgh Castle? A．￡ 13.20. B．￡ 16.50. C．￡ 33.00. D．￡ 36.30. C　解析：推理判斷題。結(jié)合題干并根據(jù)第四部分關(guān)于門票的價(jià)格可知，應(yīng)該付的數(shù)目是13.2＋9.92＝33.00，故選C。 4．What does the text say about guided tours of Edinburgh Castle? A．They cost no extra money. B．They are provided only at certain times. C．Questions aren’t weled during them. D．They are provided only at the Portcullis Gate. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分的“A guided tour is included in your ticket price”可知，導(dǎo)游的費(fèi)用包含在票價(jià)里，不需要花費(fèi)額外的錢，故選A。 三、七選五 Freshmen anywhere may be nervous about university life. Here, three pieces of advice are for them. Listen but don’t be silent The world is held in students’ hand via smart phones. Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important. 　 1 　It forces students to face the difficulties of training a deep attentiveness. Unsurprisingly, students find it hard to speak out, ask questions or for points of clarification. They don’t want to appear foolish or incapable. However, there is no such thing as a foolish question. Teachers are there to help you understand. This also goes for seminars and workshops. 　 2 　 Read and buy books 　 3 　There’re so many useful online sources today, but the habit of reading books, especially whole books, is something being lost. Buy your own books. There are many bargains to be found on used-book websites or through Amazon. Being a book lover and buyer will help any student get the most out of their education. 　 4 　 As a student, you don’t just have to learn to listen and bee an active reader: you also have to bee an academic writer. Written work at college level cannot be done at the last minute or in a rush. It takes time. Turn to your teachers. If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反饋)ahead of the final submission. 　 5 　 Students who get feedback on their work always do better than those who do not. It is one of the few educational laws that holds true in all cases. A. Don’t try to do it all the night before. B. However, a lecture is a listening workout. C. Thinking clearly cannot be done in a rush. D. So train your ear, listen carefully, but don’t be silent. E. Reading is the most important thing that any student does. F. Re-writing has proved to be the turning point in one’s degree. G. If they won’t read drafts, then see them to run through your ideas. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了大學(xué)一年級(jí)新生如何適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。 1.B 【解析】考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)前文＂Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important.＂（因此，他們可能認(rèn)為聽(tīng)講座不重要）與B項(xiàng)(然而一個(gè)講座就是一次聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練)在此相銜接，故選B。 2.D 【解析】考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)前文＂This also goes for seminars and workshops. ＂（這需要到研討班）與D項(xiàng)（仔細(xì)聽(tīng)訓(xùn)練你的聽(tīng)力，但不要沉默）銜接，故選D。 3.E 【解析】考查語(yǔ)篇邏輯。本段的主旨是＂Read and buy books＂（閱讀和購(gòu)買書），而E項(xiàng)（閱讀對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)很重要）符合邏輯，故選E。 5.G 【解析】考查語(yǔ)篇邏輯。前文＂If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反饋)ahead of the final submission.＂（如果他們閱讀了草稿就能確保在你上交前得到反饋）與 G項(xiàng)（如果他們沒(méi)有閱讀草稿，看他們理解你的觀點(diǎn)）形成并列符合邏輯，故選G。