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Unit 1 Festivals around the world 一、閱讀理解 Im sometimes told，“You have to make your own luck.If you dont try something，how can you succeed？”This is very true for petitions. There are people who regularly take part in all sorts of petitions with great enthusiasm.These people are nicknamed pers.The motivation for being a per is obvious：its about being a winner and being rewarded with a prize.These prizes can be small or large：from a box of chocolates to a new car，a trip of a lifetime around the world，or even a new house.Isnt that worth peting for? Of course petitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions of people，making the odds of winning very unlikely.But one man who has been lucky is a retired lecturer from the UK called Martin Dove.He is a serial per and has managed to bag prizes such as a yacht and a racehorse. Martin says：“Ive been a per for 40 years.Its like admitting some addiction，isnt it？”He gets respect from other pers and also admits，“Some people have called me the Master of ping，the King of ping，the Guru of ping.But its just a word，just a phrase.Its just because I frequently appeared in the media.” For many，winning remains a dream，but they continue to try their luck as theres always a small chance that they might succeed.But what if you do win? Then you have to ask：how am I going to spend all that money? Some people say that “money cant buy you happiness”．What do you think? 1．What does the author mean by“This is very true for petitions”？ A．petitions bring people luck. B．One must be in a petition to win it. C．Trying gets people to succeed. D．People naturally pete with each other. 2．Who are pers? A．Those always standing out in petitions. B．Those addicted to entering petitions. C．Those often entering petitions for prizes. D．Those peting for others recognition. 3．What does the underlined word“odds”probably mean? A．Possibility. B．Investment. C．Importance. D．Advantage. 4．What do Martins words suggest? A．Any job can offer opportunities. B．He has attracted considerable attention. C．Persistence is the key to his success. D．He has set a good example to others. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，闡述了一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象：有些人總是熱衷于參加各種形式的比賽活動(dòng)，目的就是獲獎(jiǎng)。你是否有過(guò)類似的經(jīng)歷呢？ 【難句分析】Of course petitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions of people，making the odds of winning very unlikely. 分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。that offer money prizes是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞petitions。 making the odds of winning very unlikely是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：當(dāng)然，提供現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的比賽會(huì)吸引成千上萬(wàn)的人參與，這就使得獲勝的概率變得很小了。 1．B　考查推理判斷。This指的應(yīng)是前面的“If you dont try something，how can you succeed？”，再結(jié)合第二段提到的人們參加比賽贏獎(jiǎng)可知，此處指的是對(duì)于比賽來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)人必須先參與進(jìn)去然后才有可能贏得比賽，故選B。 2．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“There are people who regularly take part in all sorts of petitions...it’s about being a winner and being rewarded with a prize”可知，pers指的是那些頻繁地參加比賽以獲取獎(jiǎng)品的人。故選C。 3．A　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Of course petitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions of people，making the odds of winning very unlikely”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，比賽的獎(jiǎng)金是有限的，而參賽的人越多，獲獎(jiǎng)的概率就越小。由此可知，odds的意思是“概率，可能性”。故選A。 4．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句及第四段的內(nèi)容尤其是“gets respect from other pers”“Some people have called me the Master of ping，the King of ping，the Guru of ping.But its just a word，just a phrase.Its just because I frequently appeared in the media”可知，Martin經(jīng)常參加比賽，而且得到了一些大獎(jiǎng)并贏得了其他參賽者的尊重，甚至一些人稱其為“參賽大師”、“參賽之王”、“參賽專家”。由此可知，Martin得到了廣泛的關(guān)注。故選B。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案：can　此處表示能力，要用can。 2．I think you should apologize to your brother ________your rudeness. 答案：for　apologize to sb. for sth. “因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼浮薄? 3．It is surprising that there are still many people in the world ________(starve) to death each year. 答案：starving　starve to death “餓死”，people和starve在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，故要用starve的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作后置定語(yǔ)。 4．No official ________(permit) has been given for the event to take place. 答案：permission　official permission “官方許可”，在句中是名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。 5．Forgive others, and you ________(forgive)． 答案：will be forgiven　本句是“祈使句，and sb. will do ...”句式，本句中forgive和you存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 6．The story reminds me ________an unforgettable experience I once had. 答案：of　remind sb. of sth. “使某人想到某事”。 7．Contrary to the popular belief ________classical music is too plex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create. 答案：that　句中belief為一抽象名詞，其后接由that連接的同位語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明belief。 8．Id like to express my ________(admire) for the courage and unplaining spirit of the firefighters. 答案：admiration　由空前的人稱代詞my可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞admiration “敬佩”。 9．________was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 答案：It　It is obvious that ... “很明顯……”。 10．The judge ________(award) him $1,000 in damages. 答案：awarded　award在句中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“裁定；判給”。 三、完形填空 Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to　1　 round the world but failed. That was in 1931. The years passed. He　2　 flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo 　3　race across the Atlantic. His 　4　 dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors thought it was a(n)　5　attempt, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to 　6　 his plan. In August, 1966, at the age of nearly 65, an age at which many men 　7　, he began his greatest 　8　 of his life. Chichester covered 14, 100 miles　9　 stopping in Sydney, Australia. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed 　10　. On shore, he could not walk 　11　 help. Everybody said the same thing: he had done 　12　; he must not go any further. 　13　 he did not listen. After　14　 in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of lots of 　15　. The second half of his voyage was by far the more 　16　 part, during which he sailed round the risky Cape Horn. After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent the following radio message to London, “I feel as if I had woken up from a nightmare. Even a wild horse could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that Ocean 　17　. ” Just before 9 o’clock on Sunday evening May 28, 1967, he arrived　18　 in England, where tens of thousands of people were waiting to wele him. Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ honored him with a very valuable sword. The whole voyage from 　19　 and back had covered 28, 500 miles. It had taken him nine 　20　, of which the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to acplish. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇故事性記敘文。主要講述Francis Chichester喜歡環(huán)游世界。他曾試圖環(huán)球飛行, 但失敗了; 58歲時(shí)他贏得了個(gè)人帆船橫渡大西洋比賽第一名; 在將近65歲時(shí)他開始了一生中最了不起的航程, 獨(dú)自一人航海到好望角, 最終伊麗莎白女王二世授予他一把非常珍貴的劍。 1. A. run　　 B. travel　　 C. fly　　 D. ride 【解析】選C。單槍匹馬駕船環(huán)游世界之前, Francis Chichester已經(jīng)好幾次讓他的朋友們感到吃驚。他曾試圖環(huán)球飛行(fly), 但失敗了。第二段第二句中有提示。 2. A. picked up B. gave up C. lifted up D. made up 【解析】選B。 從上下文語(yǔ)境可知他環(huán)球飛行失敗后開始航海了。即放棄(give up)了飛行。 3. A. sailing B. flying C. horsing D. running 【解析】選A。從上文可知他開始航海了, 而且后面有the Atlantic大西洋。sailing航行。 4. A. new B. horrible C. ambitious D. old 【解析】選D。從句意可知他贏得橫穿大西洋比賽后, 他以前的(old)周游世界的夢(mèng)想又回來(lái)了。old舊的, 老的, 以前的。old符合題意。 5. A. crazy B. reasonable C. acceptable D. hopeless 【解析】選A。 因?yàn)樗剂朔伟? 所以他的醫(yī)生和朋友都認(rèn)為他(環(huán)球航行) 瘋了(crazy)。 6. A. find out B. put forward C. carry out D. bring out 【解析】選C。但Chichester決意實(shí)施自己的計(jì)劃。根據(jù)句意可知他要實(shí)施(carry out)自己的計(jì)劃。 7. A. settle down B. retire C. go sightseeing D. entertain 【解析】選B。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知, 多數(shù)人在65歲時(shí)已經(jīng)退休(retire)了。 8. A. work B. flight C. task D. voyage 【解析】選D。句意: 他開始了他一生中最偉大的旅程。從上文可知他要航海(voyage)。 9. A. after B. before C. until D. since 【解析】選B。Chichester航行了14 100英里才在澳大利亞的悉尼停下來(lái)。before在……之前, 比……早些, 多久才……。根據(jù)句意, B符合題意。 10. A. together B. happily C. alone D. successfully 【解析】選C。句意: 這是以前獨(dú)自(alone)航行的距離的兩倍多。從后面的文章可知是他一人航行的。 11. A. without B. for C. with D. beyond 【解析】選A。句意: 他上了岸后, 如果沒(méi)(without)別人幫助他連路都不能走。 12. A. little B. all C. much D. enough 【解析】選D。分析句意可知, 每個(gè)人都說(shuō)他已經(jīng)做得非常好, 足夠了。 enough充分, 足夠。 13. A. Even though B. Otherwise C. But D. So that 【解析】選C。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知?jiǎng)e人認(rèn)為他做得足夠了但他卻不聽, 前后意思相反, 故用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的“但是”。 14. A. planning B. working C. resting D. sailing 【解析】選C。從上文可知他是停在悉尼, 在那兒休息(rest)了幾周。 15. A. help B. preparations C. discussion D. objections 【解析】選D。從句意可知, Chichester再一次出發(fā), 不顧許多的反對(duì)(objection)。 16. A. rainy B. dangerous C. interesting D. fortable 【解析】選B。從下文的內(nèi)容“I feel as if I had woken up from a nightmare”可知是更危險(xiǎn)的(dangerous)。 17. A. again B. then C. finally D. quickly 【解析】選A。根據(jù)句意可知是說(shuō)即使是一匹野馬再也不能把我拖到好望角和那片海洋上。again表示“再一次”。故選A。 18. A. forward B. back C. shortly D. opposite 【解析】選B。從下文的“Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ honored him”可知他返回了英國(guó)。故back符合題意, 故選B。 19. A. England B. America C. France D. Australia 【解析】選A。從上文可知, 他是從英國(guó)出發(fā)的, 故選 A。 20. A. seasons B. weeks C. years D. months 【解析】選D。句意: 全程他花了9個(gè)月的時(shí)間, 其中航行的時(shí)間是226天, 通過(guò)分析可知226天是9 個(gè)月中的大部分時(shí)間。因此按月計(jì)算。故選months。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in the memory of the dead. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉memory前的the　in memory of “為了紀(jì)念……”。 2．Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will turn out sooner or later. ________________________________________________________ 答案：out→up　turn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。turn out “證明是；結(jié)果是”。 3．Its possible to hold your breathe for two minutes in practice. ________________________________________________________ 答案：breathe→breath　breathe是動(dòng)詞，意為“呼吸”，breath是名詞，hold ones breath意為“屏住呼吸”。 4．The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they look forward to delivering to them quickly and cheaply. ________________________________________________________ 答案：delivering→delivered　句中“they look forward to”是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是information。have the information delivered “傳遞/發(fā)送信息”。 5．Word came the president would be shown around our school. ________________________________________________________ 答案：came后加that　Word came that ... “消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)……”。that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，雖無(wú)意義但是不能省略。 五、七選五 Ways to Stop Doubting Yourself What if I don’t pass this test? Are my friends just hanging out with me because they feel bad for me? 1.___________ Stop! The selfdoubt stops right here. Here are some ways to beat negative selftalk and start believing in yourself. Be Aware. The first step towards overing anything is to bee aware of it. By being aware that we are doubting ourselves, we can sooner confirm it and put a stop to it. As we realize our selfdoubt, we will get quicker at confirming and stopping it. See? 2.___________ Take a Break. Sometimes it is our mind that goes against us. Whenever you find yourself having doubts, take a break. 3.___________ Ask yourself what made you get into this goal. It will get you to realize why you started it in the first place. 4.___________ Too often we determine how we feel about ourselves according to what other people feel about us. Our selfworth is just dependent upon what we think of ourselves. So we must break free of the chains that tell us our selfworth is recognized by other people. Find Support. 5．___________ Find support through friends and read other inspirational websites. Sometimes we all need to hear something that will get us moving again. We just need to reach out to others who understand us. A．Take It Slow. B．Free Yourself. C．Give yourself time to think. D．It’s not always easy doing things alone. E．This is already a step in the right direction. F．What if I never figure out my life’s purpose? G．Because once you give up, no one can help you. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了停止懷疑自己的幾種方法。 1．F　解析：空前面是兩個(gè)問(wèn)句，后面是“Stop！”，所以本空也需要填一個(gè)問(wèn)句，故選F項(xiàng)。 2．E　解析：由空前的“當(dāng)我們意識(shí)到自我懷疑時(shí)，我們可以及時(shí)確認(rèn)并且及時(shí)制止?！笨芍?，此處表示這已經(jīng)是朝著正確方向前進(jìn)的一步了，所以選E項(xiàng)。 3．C　解析：根據(jù)前一句“Whenever you find yourself having doubts，take a break.”即“無(wú)論你什么時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有疑問(wèn)，休息一下”，可知空處應(yīng)是“給自己思考的時(shí)間”，故選C項(xiàng)。 4．B　解析：本段的最后一句說(shuō)明應(yīng)該“解脫自己”，所以選B項(xiàng)。 5．D　解析：根據(jù)“Find support through friends and read other inspirational websites.”可知，空處應(yīng)是“獨(dú)自做一些事情是不容易的”，所以選D項(xiàng)。