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Unit 1 Cultural relics 一、閱讀理解。 Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (學步的兒童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠無情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on. Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.” The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies. “The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互動) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection. “Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems ing from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. 1.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Kids’ social behaviors are related to crime. B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence. C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime. D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future. 2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study? A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited. B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors. C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes. D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up. 3.What can be inferred from the passage? A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors. B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics. C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active interactions with kids. D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting. 4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing? A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last. B. To make sure if praise will change kids. C. To determine if kids’ behaviors will be inherited. D. To determine if parents’ fort will protect kids. 【文章大意】研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的反社會行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，積極的育兒方式可以減輕孩子的反社會行為。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介紹了孩子們的反社會行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，故C項正確。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems ing from their inherited difficulties”可知，積極的育兒教育可以減輕孩子遺傳的反社會行為，故D項正確。 4.A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”可知，研究人員追蹤孩子的成長過程是為了弄清楚孩子的反社會行為是否會持續(xù)下去，故A項正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．To solve this problem, our pany put out the household robot specially (design) to take care of old people. 答案：designed 2．There is no doubt spending too much time surfing the Internet or watching TV contributes to nearsightedness. 答案：that 3．—Why not meet Diana today? —I am sorry to tell you that she has been removed our pany. 答案：from 4．He is considering selling the old house (belong) to his grandparents and using the money to start a business of his own. 答案：belonging 5．Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is debate. 答案：under 6．The film Wolf WarriorsⅡ (戰(zhàn)狼2) is so excellent that it is worth (see) a second time. 答案：seeing 7．Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how (survive) without friends in life. 答案：to survive 8．It is reported that the police (search) the building for the criminal. Anyone can’t get close to it without permission. 答案：are searching 9．I am always thinking that studying well is the only thing that I could do return. 答案：in 10．As there was so much noise, we couldn’t (hear) what they were talking about. 答案：have heard 三、完形填空 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 I was a shy kid.Nothing seemed harder than talking to people.I didnt even like to answer the phone for fear that Id have to talk to somebody I didnt know. __1__ ，at school I had to spend all day in the pany of others.My __2__ was studying.It was something I could do __3__ and by myself.I spent a lot of time studying and was __4__ with good grades. Eventually I went to college.I came to realize that some people were rather fun to __5__ with.Yet my childhood __6__ carried over and I found myself tonguetied and __7__ whenever I found myself in a conversation. One day while on campus，I __8__ an advertisement for a position on the local classical music __9__ station.I had grown up listening to classical music，and I loved it. In order to get the job，applicants needed to be interviewed.I had absolutely no background in radio，and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me.I didnt really want the job.I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) __11__. Two weeks __12__ ，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job. It was a __13__ job，but I grew to enjoy it.I announced music to thousands of __14__ in the city，sometimes answering their calls and __15__ to their requests.I began to feel fortable talking to these people，these strangers who I couldnt even __16__. Although I now spend much time talking with people，Im still basically a __17__ person.My former shyness is a gift，as I can __18__ people who feel disfort when they talk to strangers.I still enjoy moments of being __19__.But Im also glad I decided to make a __20__ in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed. 1．A.However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides 2．A.advice B．practice C．task D．escape 3．A.obviously B．simply C．quietly D．poorly 4．A.filled B．rewarded C．decorated D．faced 5．A.help out B．catch up C．put up D．hang out 6．A.happiness B．shyness C．kindness D．goodness 7．A.excited B．a(chǎn)stonished C．embarrassed D．interested 8．A.noticed B．posted C．realized D．believed 9．A.fire B．gas C．TV D．radio 10．A.terrified B．pleased C．satisfied D．a(chǎn)mazed 11．A.child B．singer C．interviewer D．a(chǎn)pplicant 12．A.ago B．later C．before D．since 13．A.wellpaid B．puzzling C．fortable D．challenging 14．A.listeners B．followers C．viewers D．dancers 15．A.referring B．responding C．offering D．paring 16．A.feel B．move C．hear D．see 17．A.busy B．warm C．quiet D．smart 18．A.look into B．relate to C．bine with D．worry with 19．A.alone B．a(chǎn)live C．a(chǎn)ctive D．a(chǎn)wake 20．A.plan B．mistake C．change D．dream 【解題導語】該文主要講述了害羞的作者通過應聘電臺工作而實現(xiàn)自我突破的故事。 1．A　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示邏輯上的轉折關系。然而，作者在學校里不得不和同學們相處。 2．D　根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，害羞的作者在學校用學習來逃避與人交流。 3．C　與語境“by myself”呼應可推知，作者一個人安安靜靜地做功課。 4．B　與語境“with good grades”呼應可推知，作者在學習上的付出得到了豐厚的回報，成績突出。 5．D　由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最終意識到了和朋友相處是有趣的。hang out“常去某處”。 6．B　根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid”并結合“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，作者童年時代的害羞個性還存在。 7．C　根據(jù)“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，和他人交流時溝通不順暢是令人尷尬的。 8．A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者在校園里注意到了一則讓他感興趣的廣告。 9．D　根據(jù)下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，這是一則電臺的招募廣告。 10．A　根據(jù)“I had absolutely no background in radio”并結合下文的“I didnt really want the job”可推知，作者因自己沒有廣播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，與下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼應。 11．C　作者害怕與成千上萬的聽眾交流，只想證明自己能夠和面試官交談。 12．B　根據(jù)語境可推知，時間已經(jīng)過去了兩周。 13．D　根據(jù)上文可知，這項工作需要與成千上萬的聽眾交流，這對作者來說有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性，且與語境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼應。 14．A　與上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me”呼應可推知，此處表示作者給聽眾播放音樂。 15．B　與語境“answering their calls”呼應可推知，作者回應聽眾的要求。 16．D　根據(jù)上文可知，作者應聘的是電臺工作，和聽眾們基本上是不見面的。 17．C　根據(jù)“still”的提示并結合上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，作者盡管現(xiàn)在花費很多時間和人們交流，但是本質(zhì)上還是一個不多說話的人，與下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼應。 18．B　結合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能夠理解那些和他相同的人。relate to“理解，認同”。 19．A　根據(jù)上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍舊喜歡獨處。 20．C　根據(jù)語境可推知，作者通過做電臺工作有了重大改變，從而人生有了更多的可能性。 四、單句改錯 1．You can plain, but I doubt that it will make any difference. 答案：that→if/whether 2．Scientists are in search for a cure for this serious disease. 答案：第一個for→of 3．Luckily enough, he was the only one who survived from the flood. 答案：去掉from 4．I have some doubt whether they will think high of my plan. 答案：high→highly 5．All the acts were good, but the evening was belonged to a dance group from Moscow. 答案：去掉was 五、單元語法——定語從句 1．(2018陜西長安一中質(zhì)檢)The yellow house windows face south is the place I spent my childhood. 答案：whose; where 2．(2018河北五校聯(lián)考)This city, lies in the northeast and I went on vacation last year, has been the country’s busiest port since the 1950s. 答案：which; where 3．(2018北京海淀擬模)There are many occasions on which you are left in a helpless situation, in you can depend on more other than yourself. 答案：which 4．(2018黑龍江大慶質(zhì)檢)With the improvement of life standards, there are a growing number of people traveling each year, is a good way to enjoy life. 答案：which 5．My father retired in 2017, since he has been devoting his time to gardening. 答案：when