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Unit 18 Beauty 一、閱讀理解。 Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least. “This is an animal study，but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important—not just for physical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(認(rèn)知的)development during ageing，”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada. “In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿爾茨海默病)，possibly to the point of preventing it.” Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box，they froze with fear. Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a pletely different box in a different room. The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations，suggesting they couldnt remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings. “The results suggest the amount of physical activity when were young，at least for rats，has influence on the brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when were older，” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells. 1．The study shows that ________. A．physical activity is important for physical health B．using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats growth C．physical activity can prevent humans Alzheimers disease D．the more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older 2．How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving an example. C．By describing the process. D．By showing differences. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Exercise.　　　　　B．Development. C．Benefit. D．Study. 4．What is the authors attitude towards the animal study? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究，從而得出早期鍛煉對(duì)大腦終身有好處的結(jié)論。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least”可知，早期鍛煉似乎對(duì)大腦終身有好處，至少對(duì)老鼠來說是這樣的。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．C　考查寫作手法。根據(jù)第三段的“Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups...Around four months later...they froze with fear”和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小組對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程。C項(xiàng)意為“通過描述過程”，故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“通過分析原因”；B項(xiàng)意為“通過舉例子”；D項(xiàng)意為“通過展示不同點(diǎn)”。這三項(xiàng)均不符合第三、四段的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。 3．A　考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿爾茨海默病)”可知，身體活動(dòng)很重要，對(duì)人類來說，它可能會(huì)推遲阿爾茨海默病的出現(xiàn)。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity”， A項(xiàng)與其同義，故選A項(xiàng)。 4．B　考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程及其結(jié)果，并引用數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行說明，由此可知作者對(duì)動(dòng)物研究的態(tài)度是很客觀的。B項(xiàng)意為“客觀的”，故選B項(xiàng)。 二、閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Every city has a particular smell, which enriches the 61.____________ (imagine) of many a tourist.Vienna is no different.There 62.____________ (be) plenty of smells on little streets, roads and squares, during the night and during the day. When you have got some time to spend in Vienna, it is wonderful to walk through the city just 63.____________ (catch) some smells on your way.Hot sausages steam in the pots behind the stands where they 64.____________ (sell)．Don’ t think you can avoid smells in a tram, 65.____________ most popular form of transport in Vienna! Imagine going on a tram when 66.____________ (sudden) someone enters, holding a slice of pizza in his hands.A strong aroma (香氣) spreads through the tram, heads turn around straight away and you absorb the delicious smell 67.____________ your nose.You discover at once that you are 68.____________ (hunger)．Well, there are a lot of restaurants in Vienna 69.____________ you can fight against this feeling.There you can find an accumulation of the best aromas, particularly in the city centre.Barbecue, fish, curry, and e on in! Just think of the smells 70.____________ (e) up from the plates and from the kitchen.What excellent bait (誘惑) to attract guests inside the restaurant! 61．imagination　解析：考查名詞。設(shè)空處前有the限定，且意為“想象力”，故填名詞imagination。 62．a(chǎn)re　解析：考查主謂一致。設(shè)空處所在句是There be句型，且由plenty of smells及語境可知，此處應(yīng)填are。 63．to catch　解析：考查不定式作狀語。設(shè)空處作目的狀語，且you(隱含)與catch之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填to catch。 64．a(chǎn)re sold　解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。they指代Hot sausages，且與sell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再結(jié)合主句時(shí)態(tài)可知應(yīng)填are sold。 65．the　解析：考查定冠詞。形容詞最高級(jí)前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。 66．suddenly　解析：考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾整個(gè)句子，故填副詞suddenly。 67．with　解析：考查介詞。此處意為“用鼻子聞”，故填with。 68．hungry　解析：考查形容詞作表語。設(shè)空處作表語，且意為“饑餓的”，故填hungry。 69．where　解析：考查關(guān)系副詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句修飾restaurants，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。 70．ing　解析：考查動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語。smell與e之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且e所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，故填ing。 三、短文改錯(cuò)。 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2017南寧檢測(cè))In general, visitors don’t have much difficulty know where to buy things in Britain.Most shops sell that you would expect them to.Many large supermarkets were selfservice.When you enter in one of these shops, you take a basket and put the things you wish to buy into them.If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying, they are almost certainly to be caught.Most shops have store detective who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considering a serious crime in Britain.When waiting to be served, it’s important that you would wait your turn.Many people from overseas are astonished at British habit of queueing. 答案： In general, visitors don’t have much difficulty where to buy things in Britain.Most shops sell you would expect them to.Many large supermarkets selfservice.When you enter one of these shops, you take a basket and put the things you wish to buy into .If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying, they are almost to be caught.Most shops have store who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is a serious crime in Britain.When waiting to be served, it’s important that you wait your turn.Many people from overseas are astonished at British habit of queueing. 四、七選五。 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 History is a record of what has happened in the past. 　1　 The really fascinating thing is that much of history has been repeated time and again. It allows us to learn from the past, both the mistakes made and the successes achieved. One of the benefits of history is reading how other people both famous and totally unknown have overe tremendous challenges in their life. These challenges, although particular to a person, or to a certain time in the past, or occurring in a different country or culture, all convey the same thing. 　2　 　3　 He encountered many failures while on the road to finally inventing the modern day light bulb. He could be held out as an example of a person who never gave up. 　4　 However, he did not let those failures stop him. He had a dream and he just kept trying different things until he did reach success. Or, consider the story of Abraham Lincoln who managed to bee President of the United States even though he suffered many setbacks and personal losses. Most of us only realize the success of Mr Lincoln being President. 　5　 His life was not an easy one. His story is one that motivates us to keep moving forward no matter what obstacles we have in life. A. History has a lot of influence on us. B. Take for example the story of Thomas Edison. C. History has some very unique qualities about it. D. I am sure he was discouraged by his many failures. E. They convey wisdom in their short stories of perseverance. F. Few of us knew about the many challenges he had to overe. G. Only those with courage to face challenges can hope to live their dreams. 【文章大意】本文講述歷史對(duì)我們的生活是如何進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)的。 1. 【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文提到“History is a record of what has happened in the past. 歷史就是對(duì)過去發(fā)生事情的記錄, ”以及下一句內(nèi)容可知應(yīng)選C?！皻v史有一些獨(dú)一無二的特質(zhì)”。 2. 【解析】選E。根據(jù)上文提到“These challenges, although particular to a person, or to a certain time in the past, or occurring in a different country or culture, all convey the same thing. 雖然對(duì)于某個(gè)人來說, 或者對(duì)于過去的某個(gè)特定時(shí)間來說, 或者對(duì)于發(fā)生在一個(gè)不同的國(guó)家或文化中的事情來說, 這種挑戰(zhàn)是很獨(dú)特的, 但都表達(dá)相同的內(nèi)容”, 故選E“它們同樣傳達(dá)了智慧?！笔菍?duì)上一句的詳細(xì)說明。 3. 【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文提到“He encountered many failures while on the road to finally inventing the modern day light bulb. 他經(jīng)歷很多的失敗才最終發(fā)明了現(xiàn)代的電燈”, 故選B“以愛迪生的故事為例”。 4. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)下文“However, he did not let those failures stop him. ”但是他沒有讓那些失敗阻止過他”, 是對(duì)上文的轉(zhuǎn)折。故選D“我肯定他也對(duì)多次的失敗氣餒過”。 5. 【解析】選F。根據(jù)上文提到“Most of us only realize the success of Mr Lincoln being President. 許多人只看到林肯成為總統(tǒng)”, 故選F“我們卻很少有人知道他必須克服的眾多困難”。 五、書面表達(dá)。 (2017山西省3月質(zhì)量檢測(cè))假如你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Edward正在學(xué)習(xí)漢語，希望你推薦一個(gè)適合他學(xué)習(xí)漢語的網(wǎng)站。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，給他回復(fù)郵件。 推薦網(wǎng)站：.edchinese. 網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容：1.中文情景對(duì)話、中國(guó)風(fēng)俗、中文電影、中文歌曲、成語和唐詩等； 2．有在線教師答疑解惑。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Edward， I’m more than pleased to know that you are learning Chinese.I’d like to remend .edchinese. to you.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua One possible version： Dear_Edward， I’m_more_than_pleased_to_know_that_you_are_learning_Chinese.I’d_like_to_remend_.edchinese._to_you. It’s a good website for nonChinese speakers who are learning Chinese, especially for beginners. Firstly, it provides you with a variety of online courses, such as Chinese idioms，dialogues and customs.Besides，it will help you learn Chinese in interesting and effective ways.Here you can learn to sing some Chinese songs, enjoy Tang poems and watch Chinese movies.More importantly, there are teachers online whom you can turn to for help.And all this is free of charge. I hope you will find this website attractive and helpful. Wish you a happy learning time! Yours， Li_Hua