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2019高考英語閱讀理解專題選編（5） A Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail. When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; ＂high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.＂ Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East. Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it. The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark. 1. We learn from the text that before 1805 . A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snow B. there were no people living in the western part of America C.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky Mountains D. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States 2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass . A. has changed a lot since 1805 B.is the meeting point of three cultures C. remains much the same as it was 200 years ago D. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit 3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably . A. two native Indians B. explorers of the early 19th century C. merchants who did business with the Indians D. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass 4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author . A. was attempting the impossible B. was trying to set a world record C. was following the trail of Lewis and Clark D. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks 【文章大意】本文紀錄的是一次追尋前人足跡的探險，盡管天氣、路程等的艱難，但是在作者看來卻是已經(jīng)趕上了以前的探險者。 1.C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.可知答案為C。 2.C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.可知答案為C。 4.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的描述可知，作者他們是沿著Lewis and Clark的足跡進行探險的。 B (2015河北衡水中學高三第二次模擬考試) The last time I saw him was 12 years ago. Twelve years has passed, and I still remember eating pomegranates(石榴) while his thin hands bed through my hair. To this day, I still remember stories my grandfather used to tell me. As a child living in Korea, my grandfather was my closest friend, the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides. We were inseparable from the moment we awoke until I fell asleep in his arms. I ate the food he prepared，and he was my pillow and storyteller. Little did we know that a day would e when his first granddaughter would leave. My father was to be stationed in the United States and time would blur(使……變模糊) our images of each other. On the summer of my sixteenth birthday, I would see my grandfather again. On the plane，thoughts of him ran through my mind during all 14 hours of the flight. Would he look the same？Would he be healthy? Did he still have the pictures I drew for him? Most importantly, would he remember me? I was short then and always smiling. He dressed me. Twelve years later and I was taller, had a different figure. I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style. I was scared he wouldn’t recognize I was his granddaughter. I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfather’s house, where we found him pacing back and forth, awaiting my arrival. He looked the same, and as soon as I stepped out of the car and faced him, I began to cry. He ran toward me. “Tina！” My grandfather kept yelling. We met each other with open arms and he whispered, “I’ve been waiting for my granddaughter to e home. I missed you, my little Tina. Wele home.” Our eyes filled with tears as we walked up the stairs, arm in arm, telling each other all the events we had missed in each other’s life. He did remember. After all, I am his first granddaughter. 1．It can be inferred that in childhood the author always ________． A．a(chǎn)te the food her grandmother prepared B．remembered the stories her grandmother told C．rode on her grandfather’s back D．got on well with her father 2．How old was the author when she left her grandfather? A．About 12 years old.　　　 B．About 6 years old. C．About 4 years old. D．About 2 years old. 3．Why did the author think her grandfather probably would not make her out? A．Because her grandfather was forgetful. B．Because she was already a “big girl”． C．Because she was already an American. D．Because her grandfather was too old. 4．The author met her grandfather ________． A．in the airport B．by herself C．with her parents D．with her relatives 【解題導語】　本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇睆男∩钤跔敔斏磉?，四歲時隨父親到美國定居，十二年后再次回去見爺爺，一路上總是擔心爺爺認不出自己，但沒想到一下車爺爺就認出了“我”。 1．解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“As a child living in Korea，my grandfather was my closest friend，the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides.”可知，“我”每天都和爺爺在一起，騎在他背上玩耍。故答案選C。 2．解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“The last time I saw him was 12 years ago.”可知，“我”最后一次見到爺爺是十二年前；根據(jù)第二段第一句“On the summer of my sixteenth birthday，I would see my grandfather again.”可知，十六歲生日的那年夏天“我”再次見到了爺爺；由此可推知，作者是在四歲的時候離開爺爺?shù)?。故答案選C。 3．解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I was short then and always smiling.He dressed me.Twelve years later and I was taller，had a different figure.I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style.”可知，十二年后，“我”長高了，形象不一樣了，所以擔心爺爺認不出“我”。故答案選B。 4．解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfather’s house”可知，作者是和親戚一塊去見爺爺?shù)?。故答案選D。 C Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner there． Sounds unusual，doesnt it? But its not that unrealistic，with the development of China’s high—speed railway system．And that’s not a11．China has an even greater high—speed railway plan—to connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern Europe． China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and Singapore． China has proposed three such projects．The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia．Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to Germany．The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe． If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward， people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days． The new system would still follow China’s high—speed railway standard．And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes． China’s bullet train(高速客車)，the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou，already has the World’s fastest average speed．It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours． Of course，there are some technical challenges to overe．There are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge(軌距)，maintenance of railway tracks．So，it’s important to pay attention to every detail． But the key issue is really money．China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion． China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment．Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development． It’11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better munication among those countries． For China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop China’s far west．We foresee that in the ing decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unused．With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11．And they’11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries． ( ) 1. China’s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because ． A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways C. China will develop its railway system and munication with other countries D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism 選B在文章倒數(shù)第二段中有明確答案 ( ) 2. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is ． A. technical issues B. safety of the systemw_w w. C. financial problems D. maintenance of railway tracks 選C . 在文章第8段看到 There are so many issues that need to be settled...及第9節(jié)中 But the key issue is really money ( ) 3. Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan? A. Critical． B. Reserved． C. Doubtful D. Positive． 選D . 盡管在文章第8，9段中 提到存在的問題，但從最后兩段中不難看出作者是持支持的態(tài)度 ( ) 4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. New Railway Standards B. Big Railway Dreams C. High—speed Bullet Trains D. International Railway Network 選B. 貫穿全文須知這只是一個夢想。 D (2015河南豫北、豫東十所名校聯(lián)考) The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are natural gas and electricpowered stoves. The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.Most of the deaths are in developing countries. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants. The WHO’s plan of action for reducing indoor pollutants is based on new findings, which show that the use of toxic(有毒的) fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths. Carlos Dora, an official in the WHO, says people should not use unprocessed coal indoors.He says, “Opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. You can’t expect that a bit of ventilation(通風) is going to get rid of this. It is really about clean technologies and clean fuels. And, the fuel story has not been stressed enough so far in the global debate. So, that is the new thing. We should be going for clean fuels, avoiding coal and going for the solar.” WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease and childhood lung cancer. These diseases can often result from high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) released by the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal. Women and girls are the main victims. The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in subSaharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk. WHO experts note some new, safe and lowcost technologies that could help are already available. But this is just a start. They are urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances. 1．The reason for indoor air pollution is ________． A．still unknown B．the use of solar energy C．the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves D．the frequent use of fuels in efficient stoves 2．Who may be the least affected by indoor air pollution? A．Children in China. B．Men in Europe. C．Girls in subSaharan Africa. D．Women in Latin American countries. 3．Solutions to the indoor air pollution problem include ________． ①going for animal waste and coal ②using clean fuels ③increasing access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances ④opening a window or door to let out the harmful air A．①④ B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ 4．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Health is very important to people in developing countries. B．People in developing countries are dying from air pollution. C．People in developing countries know too little about science and technology. D．Proper cooking ways help reduce the deaths in developing countries. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇科普說明文。在室內(nèi)使用固體燃料會使室內(nèi)一氧化碳濃度升高，從而導致中毒死亡。為解決此問題，世界衛(wèi)生組織建議在發(fā)展中國家增加使用更清潔、更現(xiàn)代化的烹飪和加熱設備。 1．解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織警告說，每年有數(shù)百萬的人死于家里使用的危險燃料和烹調(diào)爐引起的室內(nèi)空氣污染。故C項正確。 2．解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Most of the deaths are in developing countries.”可知，絕大部分的死亡事故發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國家；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“It says huge populations in India，China and Latin American countries...are also at risk.”可知，印度、中國以及拉丁美洲的一些國家污染嚴重；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句可知，女性是主要受害者，由此可推知，歐洲男子最不容易因室內(nèi)空氣污染而死亡。故B項正確；A、C、D三項都屬于發(fā)展中國家的人，這些地區(qū)污染嚴重，故最可能因此而死亡。 3．解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文最后一句中的“increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances”可知，增加使用更清潔、更現(xiàn)代化的烹飪和加熱設備是解決問題的方法之一，故排除A、D兩項；根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知，室內(nèi)污染主要來自于固體燃料的使用而導致的室內(nèi)一氧化碳濃度升高，這些固體燃料包括煤炭，動物排泄物，木頭等，所以①不在范圍內(nèi)，故排除B項。故C項正確。 4．解析：選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“The way we cook is important.”及第二段最后一句“To help fight the problem，the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要說明了正確的烹飪方法將減輕發(fā)展中國家的室內(nèi)污染，從而減少死亡事故的發(fā)生。故D項正確。 E 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 The world of taxi drivers is dominated by men.But there is one small taxi pany in Delhi，where all the drivers and passengers are female.Womens safety is a hot topic in India at the moment，so its proving a very popular service. “When Im on the road driving our taxi I feel very proud，because this is the first taxi service only for women，”says 31yearold Shanti Sharma，who is one of eight female drivers with a taxi service called Cabs for Women by Women. The last couple of months，since the rape and murder in the city of a college student travelling on a bus，have been particularly busy for her and her colleagues. “After this case，our workload has increased so much，” says Sharma.“Women who used other cab services are also turning to us now.” Most women in Delhi say they routinely face harassment(騷擾)，and worse，especially on public transport. Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.This is the first time that she has earned enough—about 250 a month—to support her family. Of course，she and the other female taxi drivers are pletely outnumbered by male cabbies.“When I park somewhere there are always men there and inevitably five or six of them get together and hang out，” she says.“Im usually the only woman in the parking lot，so I just stay inside the car.” Its not much better when she is out on the road.Sharma says the male drivers give her a hard time.“As soon as they see a woman at the wheel they start honking(按喇叭) for no reason.Theyll try to overtake you.Im always worrying about how to avoid getting hit by someone.” The pany behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.It wanted to give women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn money.By putting women in charge of technologies，it also wanted to change peoples attitudes，and open up boundaries for women. 【語篇導讀】　德里一家出租車公司專門推出了女性司機只為女性乘客提供服務的Cabs for Women by Women 出租車業(yè)務。生意異?；鸨?。 1．The taxi service Cabs for Women by Women ______. A．is greatly needed at present in India B．causes a hot debate in India C．was set up in 2012 D．is free of charge for women 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的“its proving a very popular service”可知，這項女性出租車服務在現(xiàn)在有很大需求量。 答案　A 2．Why are women who used other cab services turning to Cabs for Women by Women? A．Because it is cheap. B．Because it is safe. C．Because it is famous. D．Because it is convenient. 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三、四段內(nèi)容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租車的女性現(xiàn)在選擇Cabs for Women by Women，是因為這種由婦女駕駛的出租車能為女性乘客提供安全保障。 答案　B 3．What do we know about Sharma? A．She is the first female taxi driver in Delhi. B．She lives in harmony with her husband. C．She has regretted being a taxi driver. D．She has a better salary after being a taxi driver. 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段可知，從2011年Sharma成為出租車司機后，她才賺了足夠多的錢來養(yǎng)家糊口。 答案　D 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The opportunities Cabs for Women by Women provides for women. B．The main purposes of Cabs for Women by Women. C．Peoples attitudes towards Cabs for Women by Women. D．The background information of Cabs for Women by Women. 解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)本段的主題句“The pany behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.”可知，本段主要講開展Cabs for Women by Women 出租車服務的目的。 答案　B 【長難句解讀】 原文　Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life. 譯文　Sharma是一個獨自撫養(yǎng)三個女兒的單親母親，自從2011年首次開展這項服務以來，她一直是一名出租車司機。這改變了她的生活。 分析　and前后為兩個并列分句。在第一個分句中，a single parent with three daughters 是Sharma的同位語。when引導一個定語從句，修飾2011。