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The power of nature (選修6　Unit 5) 【短文語法填空】 As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have bee a 1 (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is mitted to 2 (keep) the art of sugar painting alive. Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 3 mine closed down, Li turned 4 housing decoration, until he 5 (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in. Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 6 (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a 7 (vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8 (melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman 9 (normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖漿). When the sugar cools down, 10 appears is a piece of sugar art. 【文章大意】本文是記敘文，講述38歲的李健忠回到老家繼承中國傳統(tǒng)文化，學(xué)習(xí)制作糖畫的故事，文章還說明了糖畫的制作。 1.distant 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裉幮揎椕~memory，形容詞修飾名詞作定語，故填distant。 2.keeping 3.the 【解析】考査冠詞。上文提到他做過十多年礦工，故此處表示他所在的礦井關(guān)閉以后，為特指，故填the。 4.to 【解析】考查介詞。句意：他轉(zhuǎn)而去做房屋裝修的工作了。 turn to“轉(zhuǎn)而做，轉(zhuǎn)向”是固定詞組。故填 to。 5.was forced 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：直到他因?yàn)槭种甘軅黄确艞?。此處講述過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)，句子的主語和force之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語和是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填was forced。 6.himself 【解析】考查代詞。句意：由于他的村子里沒有糖畫手藝人，因此他自學(xué)制作糖畫。by oneself固定用法，表示“獨(dú)自地，全靠自己地”，故填himself。 7.variety 【解析】 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：他很快掌握了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)并能制作出各種各樣的糖畫。a variety of“各種各樣”是固定短語，故填variety。 8.melted 9.normally 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：手藝人們通常用糖漿在石板上畫動(dòng)物和花。修飾謂語動(dòng)詞用副詞作狀語，故填normally。 10.what 【解析】考查主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在從句中作主語，表示“所……的東西”，what引導(dǎo)主語從句，作主語、賓語或者表語。故填what。 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2016合肥第一次質(zhì)檢) A Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet,and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330,000 pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since mercial whaling ended in 1965. The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores,suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts. Before mercial whaling began in the early 1900s,blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the 1960s,whaling severely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the North Pacific,making sightings in this area rare.However,much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s. The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in the North Pacific waters.But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population. To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and pared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the west coast of the United States and Southern Pacific.Up to now,the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns,but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions. 1.According to the passage,blue whales are 　　　. A.following a fixed route of migration B.dying out due to mercial whaling C.moving from the south to the north D.rarely found in the Southern Pacific 2.The whale population in the North Pacific 　　　. A.is different from the California population B.is probably part of the California population C.has bee the largest group since the 1970s D.has lived there since the 1960s 3.The underlined word “cetaceans” in Paragraph 5 probably means 　　　. A.land creatures B.whale species C.ocean conditions D.migration patterns 4.What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers? A.mercial whaling. B.Weather conditions. C.Life reproduction. D.Food resources. B (2016山西考前質(zhì)檢) Some fish seem to be capable of adapting rapidly to climate change.In fact,they might even boom in the warmer oceans of the future,growing bigger and healthier than they can at present-day temperatures.Evidence gathered over the past decades has suggested that climate change will force fish to migrate to cooler waters,or else face extinction.Signs of such migration have already been seen.But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations. Earlier this month,Philip Munday of James Cook University,and his colleagues showed that one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.Yet there are questions over the potential cost of such an adaptation.The fish’s ability to swim seems to be unchanged,but as Munday noted,“Maybe we’ll see trade-offs with growth rates.There are no free lunch in this world.” Donelson from Sydney raised several groups of maroon clownfish(小丑魚),which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.She kept one group at temperatures representing present-day conditions on the Great Barrier Reef,from where the parents of the fish were collected.In addition,she kept another group at 1.5℃ warmer and a third group at 3℃ warmer,representing the ocean temperature rise expected by the end of the century. After a year of growing,the fish adapted to the warmer temperatures,upping their aerobic metabolism(有氧代謝),which seemed to contribute to other benefits:those raised at temperatures 3℃ warmer grew 8 percent larger and 29 percent heavier than fish raised at lower temperatures. Donelson says that it is hard to make predictions about how different species will cope with climate change.“But at least it won’t be all negative news for all species,”she says. 5.The main idea of the first paragraph is that 　　　. A.some fish can adjust to warmer waters B.some fish can grow bigger at present-day temperatures C.some fish may die out in cooler waters D.big fish can survive the temperature change 6.One specific kind of fish adjusts to the changed surroundings by 　　　. A.switching their genes on and off B.growing quickly C.training their ability to swim D.living in a group 7.From Donelson’s experiment,we know 　　　. A.the clownfish she raised are from the Great Barrier Reef B.she raised the fish in two different temperature conditions C.after a year’s growing,the fish failed to adjust to warmer temperatures D.the fish raised in the warmest water grow largest and heaviest 8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Different species will deal with climate change in the same way. B.Climate change has a positive effect on all the species. C.Fish is not the only species that can meet the challenge of climate change. D.Species which can adapt to climate change would survive. C Kanda really doesnt like to walk alone.The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that hed rather drive—even though he lives close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy.“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，” Kanda said.“But they are not always available.” So Kanda，who specializes in humanlike bots，developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out and exercise more.The bot rests on a persons shoulder like a boxy parrot.It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high，and is 3.5 inches wide and 10 inches long.A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to municate.Its even equipped with a smile. Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations，including a garden and a shopping mall，and created a dataset of small talk topics related to each location.Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics.A special speech software provided the robot with a voice.Near a group of parked cars，for example，it might say，“In a big parking lot，sometimes I forget where I parked.” They tested the robot on 15 volunteers,10 males and 5 females，who were paid and averaged about 26 years old.“Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion(蒲公英)seeds into the air？” The robot asked a participant，who smiled and responded，“Yes, I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robots weight，Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny.“I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said. Just like a human partner，Kandas bot isnt perfect.Its not able to go for walks in heavy rain and，while the robot can make expressions，it cant really hold a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried.Despite its limits，Kanda was forted by the bots presence.“I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，”he said，“particularly when it spoke.” 1．Why does Kanda have the idea of developing a robotic walking partner? A．Because he wants someone to acpany him while walking. B．Because he has never developed a robot like a parrot. C．Because his family are unwilling to walk with him. D．Because he is crazy about developing robots. 2．What characteristic does the robot have? A．It can “speak” and “see”． B．It can walk like a human being. C．It can municate with people freely. D．It is much more humorous than a real person. 3．What is necessary for the robot to function? A．A small size. B．A boxy shape. C．A human partner. D．A speech software. 4．What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next? A．To make it more convenient to carry. B．To improve its conversational skills. C．To enable it to walk in heavy rain. D．To better its sound system. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了新研發(fā)的陪人散步的機(jī)器人。 【難句分析】So Kanda, who specializes in humanlike bots, developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out.and exercise more. 分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Kanda; that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞a robotic walking partner；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾前面的整個(gè)分句。 譯文：因此專門研究類人機(jī)器人的Kanda發(fā)明了一個(gè)可以陪人們散步的機(jī)器人，這個(gè)機(jī)器人能夠基于周圍的環(huán)境和人閑談，他希望這樣可以激發(fā)人們走出去，多鍛煉。 1．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的“‘I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter， Kanda said.‘But they are not always available.’”可知，Kanda發(fā)明陪人散步的機(jī)器人的原因是想找個(gè)人在他散步時(shí)陪他，故選A。 2．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“A microphone，a speaker, and an internal camera allow it to municate”以及第三段的“Then they programmed...with a voice”可推知，這種機(jī)器人可以說話還可以看，故選A。 10．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to municate”和第三段的“Then they programmed...A special speech software provided the robot with a voice”可知，這種機(jī)器人是要配備麥克風(fēng)、揚(yáng)聲器、內(nèi)置攝像頭以及特殊的語音軟件的，故選D。 3．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段第二句的“it cant really hold a conversation, about which Kanda is most worried”并結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容可推知，接下來Kanda將要改善的是機(jī)器人的交流技能，故選B。 Ⅱ.七選五閱讀 (2016鄭州第一次質(zhì)檢) Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments.Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology(心理學(xué)).Before beginning a study,however,any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method.　1　 ◆Form a hypothesis(假設(shè)).It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study.　2　 ing up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment. ◆Plan out a study.Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time,materials,and testing areas prepared beforehand.This step also helps the scientists to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research.The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research.　3　 Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data. ◆Collect data.　4　 If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost. ◆Analyze the data.Once all the data has been collected and organized,it must be analyzed.Using previous research or scientific information about the problem,the psychologist must apply the new data gathered. ◆Publish the information learned.The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study.　5　 Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals. A.It is based on scientific facts,not just opinions. B.Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology. C.Before psychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps. D.This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information. E.The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research. F.To fully understand the study,each part of the experiment must be recorded. G.Sometimes,however,this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used. Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò) I stare from the window of my hotel room.A older gentleman was helping a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that evening.I watched as the same young girl continued to get up from the table and reach for her walker.She grasped it firmly with both hand,leaning heavy.She made her way out of the restaurant,smile.As I drank me coffee in the hall the next morning,I noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustn’t be what the walking lessons were all about. 考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修6　Unit 5) Ⅰ.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章主要講的是藍(lán)鯨的遷移以及有可能引起遷移的原因。 1.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“...the whales may be following their food moving farther north...”可推出,藍(lán)鯨正從南向北移動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。 2.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.”可知,選B項(xiàng)。 3.B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中的“To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean...”可知,為了辨認(rèn)藍(lán)鯨,研究者看在北太平洋拍的有關(guān)cetaceans的照片,所以cetaceans應(yīng)該指的是鯨類。故選B項(xiàng)。 4.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north...”可知,研究者懷疑藍(lán)鯨有可能跟隨著它們的食物向北移動(dòng)。故選D項(xiàng)。 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章向我們介紹了有些魚能夠適應(yīng)氣候的改變。而且最近的研究表明,一些魚將來會(huì)適應(yīng)更溫暖的水域,但魚類并不是唯一可以適應(yīng)氣候變化的物種。 5.A　段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的最后一句“But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.”可知,最近的研究表明一些魚將來會(huì)適應(yīng)更溫暖的水域,故選A項(xiàng)。 6.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.”可知,這種魚通過改變基因來適應(yīng)周圍環(huán)境的改變,故選A項(xiàng)。 7.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“...which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò);根據(jù)第三段中的She kept one group和“...she kept another group...and a third group...”可知,她養(yǎng)了三組小丑魚,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò);根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知,一年后,小丑魚適應(yīng)了更溫暖的溫度,并且在溫度最高的水域里,小丑魚長得最大最重,故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,D項(xiàng)正確。 8.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段的大意可知,Donelson說很難預(yù)測(cè)不同的物種如何應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化,但對(duì)于所有的物種來說并不都是壞消息,由此可推知,魚類不是唯一可以適應(yīng)氣候變化的物種,故選C項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文,主要闡明了如何在心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用科學(xué)的方法。 1.B　根據(jù)空前的the scientific method可知,選B項(xiàng),用來指明如何在心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用科學(xué)的方法。 2.A　根據(jù)本段第一句“Form a hypothesis.”以及空后的“ing up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.”可知,本段主要闡述了心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的第一步:形成一個(gè)假設(shè),以科學(xué)事實(shí)而不僅僅是觀點(diǎn)為根據(jù)。故A項(xiàng)正確。 3.G　空前的to always perform experimental research與G項(xiàng)中的this相對(duì)應(yīng);空后的Descriptive research與G選項(xiàng)中的descriptive research相對(duì)應(yīng),用以闡明描述性研究的特點(diǎn),故G項(xiàng)正確。 4.F　根據(jù)空后的“If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.”和record the proceedings可以判斷,空處闡述的是將數(shù)據(jù)記錄下來的重要性,故F項(xiàng)正確。 5.D　根據(jù)該段首句“Publish the information learned.”可知,該段主要闡述將實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論公開出版,故選D項(xiàng),這有助于其他心理學(xué)家學(xué)習(xí)和使用新的信息。 Ⅲ.　　I starestared from the window of my hotel room.AAn older gentleman was helping a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that evening.I watched as the same young girl continued to get up from the table and reachreached for her walker.She grasped it firmly with both handhands,leaning heavyheavily.She made her way out of the restaurant,smilesmiling.As I drank memy coffee in the hall the next morning,I noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustn’tmust be what the walking lessons were all about.