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Unit 2 The United Kingdom 一、閱讀理解。 Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees(大黃蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony(群體)—showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test the intelligence of apes (猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task, and can also pass skills on through several generations. The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for ＂culture spread＂ — the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skills — may not be exclusive to humans. In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet. The strings were attached to discs — or artificial ＂flowers＂ — containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen. The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned to pull the ＂flowers＂ out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it. From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only two of 110 were successful. Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill. Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colony’s worker bees. Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees’ learning and teaching skills. 1.What does the underlined word ＂exclusive＂ in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Ordinary. B. Unique. C. Beneficial. D. Widespread. 2.What did the researchers find about bees? A. Bees learn best in insects. B. Bees are as clever as birds. C. Bees are born good learners. D. Bees can be trained to learn skills. 3.What may the research team focus on next? A. What else bees can do. B. Where bees learn skills. C. How bees teach others. D. How bees’ brain work. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. Small bees, great abilities B. Bees can learn and teach C. Bees are smarter D. Let bees learn 【文章大意】本文為說(shuō)明文，屬于科普類文章。介紹了大黃蜂有學(xué)習(xí)能力，還會(huì)傳播自己學(xué)到的知識(shí)。 1.B 【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。依據(jù)第二段可知，大黃蜂也具有學(xué)習(xí)并傳播所學(xué)知識(shí)的能力，結(jié)合第三段本句話可知，這種能力并非人類獨(dú)有的，故選B項(xiàng)。 2.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三、四、五、六、七段可知，蜜蜂可以被訓(xùn)練學(xué)習(xí)技能。D項(xiàng)正確。 4.B 【解析】主旨大意題。綜合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，大黃蜂也可以學(xué)習(xí)并傳播所學(xué)技能，故選B項(xiàng)。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1. To his great (delighted)，his son passed the College Entrance Examination with firstclass honors. 答案：delight 2．A number of visitors from all over the world are by the scenery.(attract) 答案：attracted; attractive 3．(2018大同質(zhì)量檢測(cè))The printing machines are always breaking ， which annoys him a lot. 答案：down 4．It is strange that the wellbehaved gentleman (be) so rude to that old lady. 答案：(should) be 5．Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest (convenient)． 答案：convenience 6．With their wedding approaching, they are busy making good (arrange) for it. 答案：arrangements 7． (divide) into four groups, the whole class began to discuss the topic. 答案：Divided 8．The football team, (consist) of 22 players and three coaches, was set up about 3 years ago. 答案：consisting 9．In the job interviews, job applicants often find themselves (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer. 答案：asked 10．We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond (describe)． 答案：description 三、完形填空。 I had a bad habit of skipping to the last pages of a book. I just wanted to see how it ended 　1　 I was still in the middle of it. This habit 　2　 first my mom, then my friends, and 　3　 even my own daughter. Often my 　4　 wouldn’t be limited just to the books I read but also to what others were 　5　 as well. Then one day my daughter told me in anger, “Dad, please just read a book one 　6　 at a time like everyone else! ” At times I didn’t 　7　 this bad habit to just books either. I also tried to skip ahead in my own life and 　8　 out what to do months and even years from now 　9　 enjoying each day at present. Although I knew that the 　10　 of my life wasn’t done yet and that I had many pages 　11　 to go. I still couldn’t control my burning desire to write the 　12　 of it halfway through. Time and again, I would 　13　 jump ahead and try to solve every potential (潛在的) problem before it happened. Life, 　14　, doesn’t work like that. It loves to 　15　 us, and you never know what new problems, changes or opportunities each new day will　16　. Recently when I found myself living in the 　17　 again, I felt a voice that gently told me I needed to “l(fā)ive one day at a time”. When I heard those words, I 　18　, turned the book of my life back to the 　19　 page, and thanked God for today. Each of us has to 　20　 the book of life line by line, moment by moment and trust that our story will be brought to its perfect end. 【文章大意】本文作者喜歡在讀書(shū)讀到一半時(shí)就先看故事的結(jié)局, 后來(lái)發(fā)展到其他事也這樣沒(méi)耐心。這讓家人和朋友們都很不高興, 女兒認(rèn)為書(shū)應(yīng)該從頭到尾去讀, 正如人生一樣應(yīng)該過(guò)好當(dāng)下。 1. A. since　　 B. for　　 C. when　　 D. because 【解析】選C。當(dāng)一本書(shū)讀到一半時(shí), 我就想要知道結(jié)局是怎么樣的。 since自從; for因?yàn)? when當(dāng)……時(shí)候; because 因?yàn)?。故選C。 2. A. confused B. annoyed C. delighted D. embarrassed 【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文“Then one day my daughter told me in anger”可知, 我的這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣激怒了(annoyed)很多人。confuse使困惑; annoy使惱怒; delight使高興; embarrass使尷尬。故選B。 3. A. usually B. obviously C. accidentally D. finally 【解析】選D。根據(jù)上文提到“first. . . then. . . ”可知, 最后(finally)惹惱了自己的女兒。usually通常; obviously明顯地; accidentally偶然地; finally最后。故選D。 4. A. impatience B. misunderstanding C. disappointment D. disagreement 【解析】選A。我的不耐心不僅僅是對(duì)我自己讀的書(shū), 對(duì)他人讀的書(shū)也是很急于知道故事的結(jié)局。impatience沒(méi)耐心; misunderstanding誤解; disappointment失望; disagreement不同意。故選A。 5. A. saying B. reading C. doing D. watching 【解析】選B。根據(jù)上下文可知, 應(yīng)該是讀書(shū), 讀書(shū)用動(dòng)詞read。故選B。 6. A. page B. copy C. chapter D. edition 【解析】選A。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Each of us has to________ the book of life line by line”可知, 女兒希望父親看書(shū)時(shí)能像別人一樣一頁(yè)一頁(yè)地看。page頁(yè)碼; copy 本; chapter章; edition版。故選A。 7. A. contribute B. devote C. apply D. limit 【解析】選D。根據(jù)下句的“I also tried to skip ahead in my own life”可知, 我的壞習(xí)慣不僅僅是局限于看書(shū)方面, 也體現(xiàn)在我的生活上。 contribute貢獻(xiàn); devote奉獻(xiàn); apply申請(qǐng), 應(yīng)用; limit限制。故選D。 8. A. try B. figure C. let D. turn 【解析】選B。我總是想要看到未來(lái)幾個(gè)月甚至幾年以后的事, 而不是享受現(xiàn)在的生活。try out(采用前)嚴(yán)密試驗(yàn); figure out弄懂, 搞清楚; let out 泄露; turn out 結(jié)果是。 故選B。 9. A. on the part of B. other than C. instead of D. on the basis of 【解析】選C。我總是想要看到未來(lái)幾個(gè)月甚至幾年以后的事, 而不是享受現(xiàn)在的生活。on the part of就……而言; other than除了, 不同于; instead of代替, 而不是; on the basis of根據(jù)。 故選C。 10. A. book B. river C. picture D. play 【解析】選A。根據(jù)空后的“that I had many pages________to go”可知, 這里作者把生活看作一本書(shū)。故選A。 11. A. forgotten B. left C. kept D. regretted 【解析】選B。人生這本書(shū)還有很多可以看的。forget忘記; leave離開(kāi), 剩下; keep保持; regret遺憾。故選B。 12. A. feelings B. beginning C. ending D. ments 【解析】選C。根據(jù)前文可知, 我在看書(shū)時(shí)總喜歡看到一半就想知道結(jié)局, 而對(duì)于自己人生的這本書(shū), 雖然還沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完, 但我已迫不及待地想要寫(xiě)出結(jié)局。feelings感覺(jué); beginning開(kāi)端; ending結(jié)局; ments評(píng)價(jià)。故選C。 13. A. consciously B. strangely C. foolishly D. critically 【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文“Life, ________, doesn’t work like that. ”可推知, 我總是在每一個(gè)潛在的問(wèn)題還沒(méi)發(fā)生時(shí)就嘗試解決它, 所以這是愚蠢的。consciously自覺(jué)地; strangely 奇怪地; foolishly愚蠢地; critically批評(píng)性地。故選C。 14. A. otherwise B. moreover C. therefore D. however 【解析】選D。然而人生并不像我們預(yù)設(shè)的那樣。otherwise否則; moreover而且; therefore因此; however但是。故選D。 15. A. surprise B. cheat C. satisfy D. frighten 【解析】選A。從下文中的“you never know what new problems, changes or opportunities each new day will________”可知, 生活總是有新問(wèn)題, 變化或者機(jī)會(huì)使我們感到很驚訝。surprise使人驚訝; cheat欺騙; satisfy使人滿意; frighten嚇唬。故選A。 16. A. make B. bring C. take D. award 【解析】選B。生活中的每個(gè)新的一天總會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)(bring)新的問(wèn)題、變化或者機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。 17. A. present B. future C. memory D. dream 【解析】選B。根據(jù)上文, 我在生活中總是想要搞清楚未來(lái)幾個(gè)月甚至幾年的事情, 即生活在“未來(lái)”, 由此可知選B。 18. A. cheered B. cried C. lost D. smiled 【解析】選D。我明白了生活要一天天地過(guò), 所以我笑了。cheer歡呼; cry哭; lose失去; smile 微笑。故選D。 19. A. exciting B. hopeful C. favorite D. right 【解析】選D。當(dāng)內(nèi)心的聲音提醒我要過(guò)好每一天時(shí), 我把人生的這本書(shū)翻回到正確的(right)那一頁(yè)。 exciting令人激動(dòng)的; hopeful充滿希望的; favorite最喜歡的; right對(duì)的。 故選D。 20. A. write B. review C. explain D. translate 【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文中的“to write the________of it halfway through”可知選A。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Worry that he might lose his job, Peter always works extra hours to please his boss. 答案：Worry→Worried 2．When first was introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 答案：去掉was 3．I cannot tell you how delighting I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me. 答案：delighting→delighted 4．Our manager is going to attend an international conference. You can take place of him in his absence. 答案：take后加the 5．The most important words in this sentence have left out, so it doesn’t make any sense. 答案：在left前加been 五、單元語(yǔ)法——過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 1．(2018四川雅安中學(xué)期末) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry) out the next year. 答案：carried 2．It was a pity that the guests left most of the dishes (untouch)． 答案：untouched 3．They have already had some everyday words (add) to the new edition of the dictionary. 答案：added 4．Alex was listening attentively to the lecture given by Professor Smith，with all his attention (fix) on it. 答案：fixed 5．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself (hear)． 答案：heard