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Unit 3 Amazing people 一、閱讀理解。 Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (學步的兒童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠無情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on. Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.” The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies. “The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互動) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection. “Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems ing from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. 1.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Kids’ social behaviors are related to crime. B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence. C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime. D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future. 2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study? A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited. B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors. C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes. D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up. 3.What can be inferred from the passage? A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors. B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics. C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active interactions with kids. D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting. 4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing? A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last. B. To make sure if praise will change kids. C. To determine if kids’ behaviors will be inherited. D. To determine if parents’ fort will protect kids. 【文章大意】研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的反社會行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，積極的育兒方式可以減輕孩子的反社會行為。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內容，特別是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介紹了孩子們的反社會行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，故C項正確。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems ing from their inherited difficulties”可知，積極的育兒教育可以減輕孩子遺傳的反社會行為，故D項正確。 4.A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”可知，研究人員追蹤孩子的成長過程是為了弄清楚孩子的反社會行為是否會持續(xù)下去，故A項正確。 二、單項選擇。 1. A society was set up to _______ the endangered animals and plant life from dying out in this area. A. reserve B. preserve C. observe D. deserve 【答案】B 【解析】reserve儲存，儲備；preserve保護，保留；observe觀察；deserve應受，應得的，句意：成立了一個協(xié)會來保護瀕臨滅絕的動植物，以避免它們從這一地區(qū)消失滅絕。 2.At times the balance in nature is _______, resulting in a number of possible unforeseen effects. A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled 【答案】C 【解析】trouble麻煩；confuse困擾；disturb打擾；puzzle困惑?？梢哉fdisturb the balance in nature打擾自然界的平衡，其它動詞不可與之搭配。句意：有時，自然界的平衡受到打擾，導致了許多可能的不可預見的影響。 3.When _______ a job, you should highlight your experience and skills. A. accounting for B. interviewing for C. applying for D. searching for 【答案】C 【解析】句意：求職時，你應該突出你的經驗和技能。apply for“申請”，符合句意。account for解釋，說明；interview for為……面試；search for搜索。 4.Most drivers have realized the significance of traffic safety and strictly followed the traffic laws, marking the fact that our efforts have _______. A. paid off B. showed off C. put off D. let off 【答案】A 5.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _______. A. put out B. go off C. go through D. go out 【答案】D 【解析】go out熄滅。句意：沒人注意到小偷溜進了房子里，因為當時燈剛好熄滅。 6.A firm, dry handshake is generally regarded as an indication that someone is confident and _______. A. in control B. in style C. in place D. in office 【答案】A 【解析】in control控制；in style有特色；in place在適當位置；in office在辦公。句意：堅定干練的握手通常被看作這個人很自信、能掌控局面的象征。 7.Once you have put your hand to an under-taking, you should _______ persevere until you have finished it. A. observe B. reserve C. preserve D. persevere 【答案】B 8.You needn’ t have _______ the speaker when he was speaking; there was enough time afterwards for you to ask questions. A. affected B. interrupted C. encouraged D. disturbed 【答案】B 【解析】affected影響；interrupted打斷；encouraged鼓勵；disturbed打擾。句意：當他在說話的時候，你沒有必要打斷他，后面有足夠的時候讓你提問。 9.It is clearly stated that these regulations _______ everyone in the munity, without exception. A. appeal to B. adapt to C. apply to D. attach to 【答案】C 【解析】appeal to呼吁，上訴，要求，對……有吸引力；adapt to 使自己適應于；apply to適用于，應用于；attach to依附，加入。句意：聲明很清楚，這些規(guī)則適用于社區(qū)的每一個人，沒有例外。 10.We can ensure you regular supplies of these materials if you _______pay for them in good time. A. pay off B. pay for C. pay back D. pay out 【答案】B 【解析】pay off還清，得到回報；pay for支付；pay back償還；pay out付出。句意：如果你們能按時付款，我們可以保證定期向你們供應這些材料。 11.She is still optimistic about her life in spite of the hard life she has _______ in the past three years. A. gone through B. looked through C. put through D. seen through 【答案】A 【解析】go through經歷；look through快速瀏覽；put through接通(電話)，實行，完成；see through看透(某人)。句意：盡管在過去三年中經歷了生活的艱辛，但她依然對生活保持樂觀。 12.The pany has been _______ of President Smith for 20 years and who will _______ it after his retirement? A. in the control; take over B. in the control; take down C. in control; take over D. in control; take down 【答案】A 【解析】句意：公司被斯密斯總裁控制20年了，退休后誰會接管呢？第一空填in the control of是某物被 人控制，in control of是某人控制某物，第二空填take over接管，take down記下，取下。 13._______ for his action on the playing field ,but he is also famous for the things that he does off the playing field. A. Not he is only known B. Not only is he known C. Only is he known not D. He is only not known 【答案】B 14.My father was so glad to meet his old friend again. You see, they _______ with each other for nearly 30 years. A. lost contact B. had lost contact C. had been out of contact D. has been out of contact 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)句中出現(xiàn)的時間狀語for nearly 30 years可知，要用完成時。又因失去聯(lián)系這一動作延續(xù)到他們這次見面之前，所以要用過去完成時。由于lose contact不能延續(xù)，故C項正確。句意：我的父親再次見到他的老朋友，是那么的高興。你知道的，他們幾乎有30年沒有聯(lián)系了。 15.The wife _______ a big dinner when the husband was aware of their eighth wedding anniversary that day. A. was still preparing B. had hardly prepared C. did carefully prepare D. would eagerly prepare 【答案】B 【解析】“hardly...when一……就……”句型中，主句中動詞的時態(tài)用過去完成時。句意：妻子剛準備好一頓豐盛的晚餐丈夫就意識到那天是他們結婚八周年紀念日。 三、完形填空。 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are 2 more rubbish than ever before. How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing(制造業(yè))and technology, panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 . Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. panies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 語篇解讀：文章主要講的是堆積如山的垃圾給環(huán)境帶來的影響。隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們傾向于扔掉用舊了 的東西，以新物品取而代之。 而且，包裝盒等一次性產品給人們帶來方便的同時，也給環(huán)境帶來很大的壓 力。 1. A. key B. belief C. project D. problem 【答案】D 【解析】A.答案，關鍵；B.看法，信念；C.項目；D.問題。根據(jù)上下文可知：東西用壞了就把它扔了，再 買新的。這就出現(xiàn)了垃圾堆積如山的問題，故選 D。 2. A. picking out B. throwing out C. running out of D. cutting out 【答案】B 【解析】throw out rubbish 扔掉的垃圾?！疤暨x，選擇，辨認出”、“用完，耗盡”與“剪裁；剪下”不符 文意。故選 B。垃圾堆積如山的問題是因為人們扔掉的垃圾比以往任何時候都多造成的。 3. A. face B. bee C. observe D. change 【答案】B 【解析】第二、三、四自然段講 a throwaway society 形成的 cause。因此此處問了一個問題：“我們是怎樣 變成了一個愛浪費的社會的呢？”。而不是怎樣去 face(面臨)、observe(觀察)或 change(改變)的。 4. A. consume B. control C. replace D. withdraw 【答案】C 【解析】后半句說我們不是花時間與金錢去修理壞了的東西，說明我們是用另外的東西來“代替”它們， 因此用“replace”，故選 C。consume 消耗，耗費，消費；control 控制；withdraw 收回。 5. A. Thanks to B. In particular C. Except for D. Regardless of 【答案】A 【解析】A.多虧；B.尤其，特別；C.除了；D.不管。依據(jù)邏輯關系，公司能夠快速而廉價地生產產品出來 是“因為”現(xiàn)代的制造業(yè)和技術，故選 A。 6. A. safe B. legal C. cheap D. powerful 【答案】C 【解析】與 inexpensively 相對應，產品就“便宜”。其他選項與文章無關。故選 C。 7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division 【答案】A 【解析】A.愛，喜歡；B.缺少；C.阻止；D.劃分。依據(jù) Another cause 知道產生更多垃圾的原因是我們“喜 歡”使用一次性產品。與后文中的 appetite(嗜好)相照應。故選 A。 8. A. sensitive B. kind C. greedy D. busy 【答案】D 【解析】 依據(jù)后文 to save time and make our lives easier 可知是“繁忙”的人們， 而不是 sensitive (敏感的) 、 kind(善良的) 、或 greedy (貪婪的)。故選 D。 9. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends 【答案】A 【解析】A.方法；B.地方；C.工作；D.朋友。為了省時和生活更加舒適，人們就使用一次性產品，公司也 就“生產”大量的一次性產品。使用一次性產品是一種 save time and make our lives easier 的“方 式”。故選 A。 10. A. conserve B. receive C. produce D. preserve 【答案】C 【解析】A.保護；B.收到；C.生產；D.保存。句意：企業(yè)生產大量的一次性產品，故選 C。 11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes 【答案】D 【解析】adapt to 適應；return to 返回，歸還；respond to 反應；contribute to 為……做貢獻，促成，有助于。 從“also”一詞可看出此處又是講我們對新產品的 appetite(嗜好)也“導致，促成”了上述問題，故 選 D。 12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for 【答案】B 【解析】依據(jù)前文的 appetite(嗜好)，我們不會“厭倦”“擔心”和“羞于”購買新產品，而是對此“上 癮” ，因此選 B。 13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger 【答案】A 【解析】A.更新的；B.更強壯的；C.更高的；D.更大的。前文 new things 提示。后文 new ones 與之照應。 句意：廣告使人們相信新的更好，故選 A。 14. A. pick up B. pay for C. let off D. throw away 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞短語。A.撿起，學會，用車接；B.支付；C 排放；D.扔掉。我們不斷購買新東西，于是 就“扔掉”了還有用的東西，故選Ｄ。 15. A. advantages B. purposes C. conflicts D. consequences 【答案】D 【解析】垃圾成山是 throw away lifestyle(愛浪費的生活方式)的“后果”，不是“優(yōu)點”、“目的”、和 “沖突，矛盾”，因此選 D. consequence 結果。 16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure 【答案】C 【解析】A.顯示，展示；B.記錄；C.減少；D.測量。并列的兩個不定式表目的，后文說政府要求回收物品 循環(huán)使用，因此是“減少”垃圾，故選Ｃ。 17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands 【答案】B 【解析】A.技術；B.環(huán)境；C.消費者；D.品牌。全文都是談的與環(huán)境相關的話題，因此是保護“環(huán)境”。 故選 B。 18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 【答案】A 【解析】 A.然而； B.要不然； C.因此； D.同時。 依據(jù)上文可知回收是一種解決問題的方法， 后文中 not enough 與之相對，因此此處有轉折意味，故選Ａ。句意：然而，只是要求人們循環(huán)利用是遠遠不夠的， 故選 A。 19. A. by B. in favor of C. after D. instead of 【答案】D 【解析】 A.通過； B.支持； C.在……之后； D.代替， 而不是。 本段講除了上文中提到的回收外的 another way 就是 repair our possessions(修理東西)，自然“代替”了扔掉，故選 D。 20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising 【答案】C 【解析】A.花費，度過；B.收集；C.修理；D.宣傳。句意：我們也需要重新考慮對修理的態(tài)度，根據(jù)下句 “repairing...”可知答案，故選 C。 四、七選五。 Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job？Working experience or an advanced degree？Well，I believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some reasons： Above all，most of jobs dont require such a high degree，which means just some work，such as theoretical physics，archaeology，or literature，needs high academic qualification. 2 For example，when you are offering a department manager post，and there is a man who has already been a manager for three years but only has a masters degree and an inexperienced person with a doctors degree，which one would you choose？Definitely the first one for the manager who doesnt acquire a doctors degree but has rich working experience. 3 For instance，Bill Gates，who was the richest man in the world and one of the most successful merchants.What a wise choice when he decided to abandon studying so that he could gain more working experience instead of a doctors degree！Or Steve Paul Jobs，who discontinued his study at the age of nineteen in order to bee a member of a puter pany just like Bill Gates. 4 5 Maybe you shouldnt have to gain an advanced or high degree，but that doesnt mean nothing.Probably a bachelors degree is still necessary in this fiercely petitive society. All in all，I think rich working experience is much more important than an advanced degree. A．However，a degree is still required for most people. B．Meanwhile，rich working experience will draw more attention. C．Secondly，plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier. D．In my view，either working experience or an advanced degree counts. E．As for me，I will say working experience without hesitation. F．As a matter of fact，more people with rich working experience bee successful. G．From all of these，we can see that an advanced degree isnt so necessary as working experience. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。論述了工作經驗是工作成功的最重要的因素這一論點。 1．E　[根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處承上啟下，根據(jù)該段第二句“Working experience or an advanced degree？”可知，空處提出自己的觀點并引出下文，故E項與此處匹配。] 2．B　[根據(jù)本段最后一句“Definitely the first one for the manager who doesnt acquire a doctors degree but has rich working experience.”并結合空后所列舉的例子可知，該例旨在證明豐富的工作經驗在應聘時更受歡迎，故B項與此處匹配。] 3．C　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的主題句；根據(jù)本段列舉的比爾蓋茨放棄學業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)成功和喬布斯在十九歲時輟學這兩個例子可以判斷，本段旨在說明豐富的工作經驗能促使人早日成功，故C項正確。] 4．G　[根據(jù)該空所在的位置可知，該空總結本段大意；由空前列舉的比爾蓋茨和喬布斯這兩個例子可以判斷，高學歷不如工作經驗重要，故G項正確。] 5．A　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的主題句；由本段最后一句“Probably a bachelors degree is still necessary in this fiercely petitive society.”可知，在這個競爭激烈的社會中，學歷仍然是有必要的。據(jù)此可以判斷，本段主要陳述學歷對于大部分人來說還是需要的，故A項正確。]