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考點(diǎn)25 名詞性從句 高考頻度：★★★★★ 【命題解讀】 名詞性從句是高考的熱點(diǎn)，對(duì)于名詞性從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容：掌握主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句的基本用法，了解同位語(yǔ)從句的基本用法。要求考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中應(yīng)該掌握名詞性從句的基本用法；一些易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；句子的語(yǔ)序、否定前移；名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析等。 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】 預(yù)計(jì)2018年高考對(duì)名詞性從句的考查仍然不會(huì)單純地考查其語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，而是將其融入一定的語(yǔ)境中來考查考生的實(shí)際綜合運(yùn)用能力。 【復(fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的用法； 2. 了解同位語(yǔ)從句的用法； 3. 掌握表語(yǔ)從句的用法； 4. 掌握主語(yǔ)從句的用法； 5. 如何正確選擇引導(dǎo)詞。 考向一 名詞性從句連接詞的用法 名詞性從句的連接詞有從屬連詞that/whether/if， 連接代詞what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever， 連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。 1.that的用法。 (1)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中用that但不能省略。 ?That they are good at English is known to us all. ?The problem is that we don’t have enough money. ?The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false. (2)一般情況下，賓語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略，但在以下幾種情況中that一般不省略： ①當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)； ②有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略； ③介詞except，but，besides，in等后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)； ④當(dāng)when，who，what，where，why，how等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的并列賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 ?He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine. ?The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ?Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. (3)that和what的區(qū)別。 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語(yǔ)從句中的＂先行詞＋關(guān)系代詞＂，即常說的＂先行詞＋that＂。 ?It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake. ?I will do what I can (do) to help him. (4)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句中that的區(qū)別。 同位語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中作賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)，與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子 是同位語(yǔ)從句，就應(yīng)用連接詞that而不能用which。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋說明名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。 ?They expressed the hope that they would e to visit China again.(同位語(yǔ)從句) ?The hope they expressed is that they would e to visit China again.(定語(yǔ)從句) 2.whether和if的用法。 ? (1)whether和if在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。 It all depends on whether they will e back. (2)后面直接跟or not 時(shí)用whether。 ?I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. (3)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether。 ?Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. ?The question is whether they have so much money. (4)whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，if則不能。 ?We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. (5)whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用但if不能。 ?The question of whether they are male or female is not important. ?I have not decided whether to go or not. (6)間接賓語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)或者間接賓語(yǔ)提前時(shí)用whether不用if。 ?Thank you，but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment. (7)whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示＂不管＂、＂無(wú)論＂，而if不能。 ?Whether he es or not，we will begin our party on time. 3.疑問詞＋ever和no matter＋疑問詞的區(qū)別。 (1)疑問詞＋ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。 ?Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. ?You can choose whatever you like in the shop. (2)疑問詞＋ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 ?Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished. ?Whatever you do，you must do it well. (3)no matter＋疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 ?No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it. ?No matter who es late，he must be punished. 4.when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。 when 和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，否則則為同位語(yǔ)從句。 ?They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位語(yǔ)從句) ?This is the place where the accident happened.(定語(yǔ)從句) 5.名詞性從句中that不宜省略的幾種情況 賓語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中that有時(shí)可以省略，但在以下情況時(shí)，that不宜省略。 （1）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞后帶有兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引入第二個(gè)從句的連詞that不可省略。如： The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents. 老師告訴學(xué)生他們要在第二天交上作業(yè)，并且作業(yè)必須由家長(zhǎng)簽名。 （2）當(dāng)that前面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不宜省略。如： Little Alice didnt know, Im sure, that her sister was going to America. 我確信，小艾麗斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美國(guó)了。 （3）省略答語(yǔ)中，that賓語(yǔ)從句單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，that不可省略。如： —What did he say? 他說了什么 —That he would visit the Great Wall. (他說)他將會(huì)參觀長(zhǎng)城。 （4）當(dāng)主句的狀語(yǔ)部分位于that 賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí)，that不宜省略。如： Jane realized at once that she must do with it herself. 珍立刻意識(shí)到她必須親自處理那件事。(如省略that，at once也可能修飾從句，是表示＂立刻意識(shí)到……＂，還是表示＂立刻去處理……＂，較為含糊) （5） 當(dāng)that 賓語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)部分位于從句的前部時(shí)，that不宜省略。如： ?Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a puter for his brother. 湯姆許下諾言，如果他在這個(gè)月里能夠賺到500美元，他就給他的弟弟買臺(tái)電腦。 （6）當(dāng)that 賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不宜省略。如： ?I will never tell anyone that you have ever been there. 我絕對(duì)不會(huì)告訴別人你曾經(jīng)去過那兒。 （7）當(dāng)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而把that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，that不可省略。如： That they would take the risk was very clear. 他們將要冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)是很清楚的了。 （8）當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)that從句中的 that 不宜省略。如： ?Mary has made up her mind that she will study hard for the scholarship, so she can have the chance to go abroad for further study. 瑪麗下定決心努力學(xué)習(xí)以獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金資格，這樣她就有機(jī)會(huì)出國(guó)深造了。 （9）當(dāng)that 賓語(yǔ)從句前有 it作其形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略。如： We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language. 我們認(rèn)為大學(xué)生至少掌握一門外語(yǔ)是很重要的。 （10）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that一般不可省略，尤其當(dāng)that與先行詞處于分割情況時(shí)。如： ?He heard the news that his team had won. 他聽到了他的隊(duì)獲勝的消息。 ?There is a feeling in me that they are cheating me. 我有一種感覺他們?cè)隍_我。 （11）當(dāng)that 賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或是主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that不可省略。如： The doctor said that taking exercise was the best way of losing weight. 醫(yī)生說運(yùn)動(dòng)是最好的減肥方式。 考向二 主語(yǔ)從句 1.主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。 2.that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，that不可省；what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示＂……的東西＂時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 ?That she will succeed is certain. 常見的it替代that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的句式主要有以下幾種： (1)It＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that從句 ?It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means. (2)It＋be＋名詞(短語(yǔ))(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that從句 It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success. (3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)＋that從句 ?It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment. (4)It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that從句 ?It happened to me that I had been away when he called. ?It is certain that she will succeed. 注意：(1)在＂It is necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that從句＂結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)常用＂(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形＂形式。 【拓展延伸】主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 引導(dǎo)詞 作用 引導(dǎo)詞 作用 that 無(wú)詞義，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，但不能省略 how 多么，怎樣，作方式狀語(yǔ)或程度狀語(yǔ) who 誰(shuí)，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) when 何時(shí)，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) whom 誰(shuí)，作賓語(yǔ) where 在哪兒，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) what 什么，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) why 為什么，作原因狀語(yǔ) which 哪一個(gè)，哪些，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) whether 是否 【特別注意】當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的句子太長(zhǎng)時(shí)，為保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)置后。if＂是否＂，不可直接引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句(用it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以) 。 3. 主語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法 （1）主語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 ?What is needed has been bought. ?All that is needed has been bought. 所有需要的都被買了。 （2）幾個(gè)特殊句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 ?It is known to all that China has joined the WTO. As is known to all, China has joined the WTO. What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO. 眾所周知，中國(guó)已加入WTO。 1.(2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 【參考答案】C 2.（2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空） Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever 【參考答案】B　 【答案解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________ makes the most beautiful kite作主語(yǔ)，且所填詞指人，既作從句的主語(yǔ)又作主句的主語(yǔ)，所以選 whoever(whomever不能作主語(yǔ))。句意：每年， 在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上風(fēng)箏做得最漂亮的人都會(huì)贏得獎(jiǎng)品。 3.（2016江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A. why B. what C. as D. that 【參考答案】D 考向三賓語(yǔ)從句 【難點(diǎn)梳理】 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有： 連接詞：that，whether，if等 連接代詞：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等 連接副詞：when，where，why，how等 1. 連接詞that，whether，if引導(dǎo) I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。 I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。 注意： whether/if都意為＂是否＂。一般情況下，它們可以互換，口語(yǔ)中常用if，但以下情況中，只能用whether。 （1）與or not緊接連用時(shí)。 Let me know whether or not you can e. 請(qǐng)讓我知道你是否能來。 （2）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我們對(duì)你是否參加會(huì)議感興趣。 2. 連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引導(dǎo) She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她問我班上誰(shuí)的書法最好。 I’ll just say whatever es into my mind. 我想到什么就說什么。 3. 連接副詞when，where，why，how等引導(dǎo) Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奧運(yùn)會(huì)是什么時(shí)間開始的嗎? I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考慮如何使我們的報(bào)紙更用趣。 4. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 在賓語(yǔ)從句中要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他問我第二天什么時(shí)候可以出發(fā)。 Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎? 5. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) （1）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。 She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她說她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她說她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。(從句是一般將來時(shí)) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) （2）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時(shí)態(tài)。 He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時(shí)) He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他說他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時(shí)) He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他說他們那時(shí)正在開會(huì)。(從句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)) （3）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老師告訴我們世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他說光比聲音傳播得快。 注意：在使用賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要注意下面幾點(diǎn)： ①動(dòng)詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的。 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了慣例。 ②hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示＂喜歡；痛恨；認(rèn)為＂的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和see to表示＂注意，留意＂后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。 I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。 When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。 ③介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。 ④賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。將think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。 I don’t think I know you. 我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I don’t believe he will e. 我相信他不會(huì)來。 【巧學(xué)妙記】 賓語(yǔ)從句的用法速記口訣 賓語(yǔ)從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。 一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。 陳述句子用that；一般疑問是否（if，whether）替； 特殊問句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。 二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。 主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意； 主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。 三是語(yǔ)序要記清，從句永保陳述序。 1.（2018全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II短文改錯(cuò)）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 【參考答案】where改為when　 2.（2018全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷III語(yǔ)法填空）Im not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. 【參考答案】which/who　 【答案解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我不確定哪一個(gè)更害怕，我，還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用which或者who” 3. (2017天津卷單項(xiàng)填空) She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt. A. when B. where C. whether D. what 【參考答案】C　 4.（2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I短文改錯(cuò)）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 【參考答案】that → where 【答案解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意判斷此處表示地點(diǎn)。故把that改為where。 考向四表語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有： 連接詞：that，whether 連接代詞：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever whomever，whichever，whatever 連接副詞：when，where，how，why 1. 連接詞引導(dǎo) ?The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他沒接到通知。 ?The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 問題還是他們能否幫我們。 2. 連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo) ?The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 問題是誰(shuí)將接管這家店鋪。 ?That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到新聞工作的重要性。 注意： （1）as/as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。 ?It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽上去好像有人在敲門。 ?At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word. 當(dāng)時(shí)我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼? （2）當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，這種用法常見于句型The reason why... is that... ?The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他來得晚是因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹恕? 1.(2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空) Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 【參考答案】C 2.（2016北京卷單項(xiàng)填空） The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. A. what B. that C. whether D. why 【參考答案】 B 【試題解析】 考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：雨季最令人愉悅的就是人們可以完全不再受到灰塵的困擾。is后跟從句作表語(yǔ)，即表語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句不缺少主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，因此用that，that只起引導(dǎo)作用，故選B。 考向五同位語(yǔ)從句 1. 同位語(yǔ)從句跟在名詞后面，進(jìn)一步解釋、說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句常跟在名詞idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名詞之后； 2. 連接詞that不能省略，無(wú)意義無(wú)成分； 3. 用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句； 4. 連接代詞who(m), which, what，whose在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)； 5. 連接副詞where, when, why, how在從句作狀語(yǔ)。 6.分割式同位語(yǔ)從句：同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)被別的詞或短語(yǔ)把它和名詞隔開：（謂語(yǔ)較短，同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)）。 ?The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword. 7.若被同位語(yǔ)從句說明的名詞是：advice, suggestion, proposal(建議), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建議、命令、要求的詞時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用"(should)+do"。 8.區(qū)別由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句： ①定語(yǔ)從句中的that是代詞，可在從句中作主、賓、表；同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，無(wú)成分無(wú)意義； ②定語(yǔ)從句——說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系； 同位語(yǔ)從句——對(duì)名詞即先行詞加以補(bǔ)充說明，是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)。 ③在名詞和從句之間加be, 使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，則是同位語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句是不能用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來的。 1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief 　　　　 you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. that B. C. which D. whether 【參考答案】B 2.News came from the school office ______ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University. A. which B. that C. what D. where 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。本題屬于分割式同位語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)came較短，同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)，名詞和同位語(yǔ)從句被from the school office 分開，that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解釋news的內(nèi)容，在句中起引導(dǎo)作用，沒有具體的意思。故選B。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1. （2017新課標(biāo)卷I）The homeowner called to say ________ the parents had responded to the recordings.. 2. （2017新課標(biāo)卷I）What I’m hoping to acplish is ________ my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand _________ jazz is not black and write anymore. 3. （2017新課標(biāo)卷III）The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide _________ to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 4. （2017北京卷）What could be more fun than a gift that keeps ing through the letterbox every month? 5.He hasn’t made ________ known when he is going to get married. 6.The police went to the suspect’s house and searched for ________ they could find to prove him guilty. 7.The question ________ it is right or wrong depends on the result. 8.As the spokeswoman said，________ we should take action against them depends on what they will do. 9.—Something should be done to improve the worsening air quality. —Yes.________ pollutes the air shall pay a high price. 10.The news ________ we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1.After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 2.Whoever was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 3.We never doubt whether he is honest. 4.If she es or not doesn’t concern me. 5.I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so endlessly. 6.The fact is what he didn’t notice the car until too late. 7.The reason why he was late was because he didn’t catch the early bus. 8.Your brother’s health is not which it used to be. 9.Obviously there was little probability which they would succeed，but they didn’t mind. 10.The proposal has been put forward what the flight should be cancelled. 題組二 能力提升 I.單項(xiàng)填空 1. ______________ Tom will win the puter petition remains a secret till next Monday. A.When B.That C.What D.Whether 2. ______________ that the Chinese government plans to end its one-child policy and instead let families have two children. A.It was reported B.What was reported C.It has reported D.As was reported 3. It is said ______________ the picture shows a Chinese girl standing by the river under a tree, seemingly listening to a bird singing. A.which B.as C.what D.that 4. He asked ______________. A.how much did the iPhone 7 cost B.how much the iPhone 7 costs C.what was the price of the iPhone 7 D.what the price of iPhone 7 was 5. There will be a bow and arrow petition ______________ to retell ______________ the Plains Indians used to hunt for food. A.designed；what B.designing；how C.designing；what D.designed；how 6. People are now eager to find out ______________ the little boy survived the terrible disaster. A.how is it that B.that it is how C.that is it how D.how it is that 7. He was seriously ill. That is ______________ he didn’t e yesterday. A.why B.the reason C.because D.for what 8. The reason why you get into a panic is ______________ you haven’t been well prepared for what’s going to happen. A.that B.what C.why D.because 9. _________difficult the task may be, we must finish it on time, because there is a possibility_________ we’ll be fired if we can’t. A.Whatever; that B.However; that C.Whatever; which D.However; as 10. _________he told Tom’s parents was the news _________Tom had been admitted to a key university, _________, of course, made them feel very excited. A.What; which; which B.That; that; which C.What; that; which D.That; that; what II.語(yǔ)篇填空 I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing __1__happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly－dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew __2__he was. We wondered __3__he was so hungry. We were surprised __4__he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted __5__the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked __6__we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see__7__he took out of an envelope—a million pound bank note. I asked Mr. Clements__8__it was genuine. Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought __9__the gentleman showed them couldn’t be a fake. __10__a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn’t describe how excited I was. III.語(yǔ)法填空 Dear helpful Hannah, I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone last month and took it during our holiday. He has a constant urge　1　(check) text messages. He’s so addicted to it that he checks his phone every five minutes! He checks it at　2　(appropriate) times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He　3　(behave) as if any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone, even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see　4　is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone, he says, "In a minute" ,　5　still checks to see if someone has posted something new on the Internet. Our life　6　(interrupt). It is clear that his dependency on the smart phone has bee more than　7　everyday problem. I　8　(recent) read an article about "nomophobia", which is a real　9　(ill) — people can’t stand the fear of having no phones! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering　10　this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time. Would you please tell me what I can do to help him? Sick and Tired Sadie 題組三體驗(yàn)真題 1.(2018北京) This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 2.(2018江蘇) By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived. A. where B. when C. why D. how 3.(2017江蘇) We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of ________ it used to charge. A. that B. which C. what D. how 4.（2016北京）Your support is important to our work. ______________ you can do helps. A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever 5.（2015北京）I truly believe ______________ beauty es from within. A. that B. where C. what D. why 6. (2016江蘇)It is often the case _________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A. why B. what C.