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Unit 3 Under the sea 一、閱讀理解。 Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their munity tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people，according to a study from Berlin，Germany. “Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents health.This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，”said Sonja Hilbrand，one of the researchers. The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.Overall，after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health，the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren，pared with grandparents who provided no childcare. Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasnt a relative.Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began，while nonhelpers lived for four years on average. “Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society.Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，”said Professor Bruno Arpino. Arpino noted，however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working，being in social clubs，or volunteering.“Children should take_into_account their parents needs，willingness，and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”he suggested. “It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what ‘proper amounts of help means，”Hilbrand said，adding，“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity (強(qiáng)度)of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.” 1．What is the caregiving study based on? A．Human evolutionary history. B．Demand of modern society. C．Social contact between relatives. D．Data on many elderly people. 2．In Arpinos opinion，childcare ________. A．is sure to keep old people away from illnesses B．a(chǎn)llows old people to live a more meaningful life C．creates more job opportunities for old people D．makes social activities inaccessible to old people 3．What does the underlined part“take into account”in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Limit. B．Ignore. C．Favor. D．Consider. 4．What does the last paragraph tell us? A．Grandparents can do anything in their own interests. B．Grandparents should share more social responsibilities. C．Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents. D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】德國(guó)柏林一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，祖父母適當(dāng)?shù)貛兔φ疹檶O輩比不照顧孫輩的老年人壽命長(zhǎng)。 難句分析：Overall, after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health，the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, pared with grandparents who provided no childcare. 分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。其中，Overall在此為副詞，在句中作狀語(yǔ)；after為介詞，其后接動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)；兩個(gè)who均引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句pared with grandparents who...為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：總的來(lái)說(shuō)，在考慮祖父母的年齡和大致的健康狀況后，與那些沒照顧孫輩的祖父母相比，那些照顧孫輩的祖父母在20年間的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要低三分之一。 1．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是從對(duì)500多個(gè)70歲以上的老人的數(shù)據(jù)分析得來(lái)的。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的Arpinos opinion定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society...”可知，看護(hù)小孩讓看護(hù)人覺得生活有了目的，因?yàn)樗麄冇X得自己對(duì)他人和社會(huì)是有用的，也就是說(shuō)，看護(hù)小孩可以使他們感覺生活得有意義。故選B項(xiàng)。 3．D　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文中too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities及后面的“...their parents needs，willingness，and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”可知，過(guò)多的照看責(zé)任會(huì)使老人無(wú)法從事其他有意義的活動(dòng)，所以孩子應(yīng)考慮老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他們照顧孩子的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度和強(qiáng)度的選擇。由此可猜測(cè)，take into account意為“考慮”，與consider意義相近。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”可知，只要你幫忙的強(qiáng)度不會(huì)讓你感到有壓力，這對(duì)他人、對(duì)你自己都是有好處的。由此可知，適當(dāng)?shù)卣疹櫺『?duì)祖父母有好處。故選C項(xiàng)。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．We urged that she ________ (e) to the party, but she protested that she was too tired. 答案：(should) e　urge “強(qiáng)烈要求”后跟從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 2．The people in the earthquakestricken area are in ________ (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters. 答案：urgent　in urgent need of ... “急需……”。 3．He has been witness ________ a terrible murder. 答案：to　be (a) witness to sth. “是某事的目擊者”。 4．The people had left before the soldiers came to the ________ (abandon) village. 答案：abandoned　abandoned為形容詞“被遺棄的；廢棄的”，在句中修飾名詞village。 5．Everybody is aware ________ the importance of learning. 答案：of　be/bee aware of ... “意識(shí)到……”。 6．When I reflect ________ my schooldays, I realize how much easier things are for todays children. 答案：on　reflect on “認(rèn)真思考；回想”。 7．To be a brave man, you should not be scared ________ danger. 答案：of　be scared of ... “害怕……”。 8．Did you see that boy ________ (question) by the police? 答案：being questioned　see sb. doing sth. “看到某人正在做某事”，又因?yàn)閝uestion與that boy存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用being questioned。此處意為正在受盤問(wèn)。 9．It was a time ________ most people did not know how to operate a puter. 答案：when　It was a time when ... “曾經(jīng)一度(那時(shí))……”，為固定句式，when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 10．You have to trust your mind that itll take you ________ you want to go. 答案：where　where在該句中引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，表述你的頭腦會(huì)帶你去你想去的地方。 三、完形填空。 Each year around Christmastime, I think back to the homeless dog that appeared at the family farm. His visit became a gift of __1__ that my family still talks about. It was a few days after Christmas in 1999. A __2__ dog wandered onto the front porch (走廊)and __3__ in as if hed lived here all his life. He quickly decided that his __4__ was to guard the house against squirrels. Every time he saw __5__， hed bound off past the garden to the trees, __6__ at the top of his lungs. Then hed walk back to his position on the __7__， ever vigilant (警惕的)． Inside, the house was full of __8__.My 91yearold fatherinlaw, Jim Cravens, was seriously ill. The family had all __9__ to see to his care, to cook and to wele __10__. Jim and his wife, Dorothy, were beloved ones of the munity(社區(qū)). Whenever anyone __11__ the house to do anything or walk next door to my brotherinlaws house, the black dog followed. He would __12__ wait until we were done, follow us home __13__ lie down on the porch. This __14__ visitor gave us something new to talk about. Whose dog was he? Did someone __15__ along the road? Did he __16__ to stay? Anyway, it would be dark soon, and he would be __17__ on the winter night. Jim sat in the rocking chair by the front window where he could __18__ the happy black dogs ings and goings. My __19__ said he wanted to live long enough to see the new millennium (千禧年), and he did. He __20__ away on January 2. That was the day the black dog left. Later we heard that he was a rescued dog about a mile and a half from the farm. They named him Bogart. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了一只無(wú)家可歸的狗來(lái)到作者家并給作者家?guī)?lái)慰藉的故事。 1．A.surprise B．fort C．disaster D．decision 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可推知，這只狗給全家人帶來(lái)了安慰，故選B。 2．A.white B．yellow C．black D．brown 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)下文第12空前的“the black dog followed”可知，那只狗是黑色的。 3．A.settled B．walked C．ran D．slept 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)空后的“as if hed lived here all his life”可推知，無(wú)家可歸的狗在走廊安頓下來(lái)，感覺就像它一直待在那里一樣。settle表示“使處于舒適的位置，安頓”。settle in表示“安頓下來(lái)，適應(yīng)于新家”。 4．A.thought B．method C．view D．job 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)空后的“was to guard the house against squirrels”可推知，此處表示“它的職責(zé)”。 5．A.one B．it C．that D．this 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用one指代一只松鼠。 6．A.barking B．singing C．reading D．laughing 答案與解析：A　與上文的“to guard the house against squirrels”呼應(yīng)可知，狗看到松鼠就叫。bark表示“(狗)吠叫”。 7．A.ground B．porch C．table D．carpet 答案與解析：B　與上文的“dog wandered onto the front porch(走廊)”呼應(yīng)可知，此處指狗又回到了走廊。 8．A.joy B．sadness C．shock D．excitement 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)下文的“My 91yearold fatherinlaw，Jim Cravens, was seriously ill”可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)家里因?yàn)槔先说闹夭《錆M憂傷。 9．A.waited B．moved C．gathered D．left 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)“The family had all”和“see to his care，to cook”可推知，家里人聚在一起來(lái)看護(hù)老人。gather“聚集”。 10．A.doctors B．passengers C．readers D．visitors 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，此處表示歡迎來(lái)探望的人。 11．A.bought B．entered C．left D．rented 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)下文中的“walk next door to my brotherinlaws house”可推知，此處表示的是“當(dāng)有人離開時(shí)”。 12．A.hopefully B．a(chǎn)nxiously C．hurriedly D．patiently 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)下文的“wait until we were done”可知，狗很有耐心。 13．A.and B．or C．but D．yet 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，wait，follow和lie down是一系列的動(dòng)作，故用連詞and。 14．A.happy B．curious C．eager D．fearful 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)下文的幾個(gè)疑問(wèn)句可推知，這只狗引起了大家的好奇，空處與“gave us something new to talk about”呼應(yīng)。 15．A.pick him up B．drive him back C．drop him off D．turn him down 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)上文的“the homeless dog”可知，大家猜測(cè)這只狗是不是被人丟棄的，故選C。 16．A.pretend B．a(chǎn)gree C．intend D．need 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)下文的“Anyway，it would be dark soon, and he would be__17__ on the winter night”可推知，大家對(duì)這只狗接下來(lái)的安置有所擔(dān)憂，所以有了“他打算留下來(lái)嗎？”的疑問(wèn)。 17．A.sorry B．hot C．warm D．cold 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)空后的“on the winter night”可知，冬天夜里是寒冷的。 18．A.watch B．hear C．feel D．imagine 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)空后的“the happy black dogs ings and goings”可知，此處表示“看到這只快樂(lè)的黑狗的進(jìn)進(jìn)出出”。 19．A.father B．fatherinlaw C．brother D．brotherinlaw 答案與解析：B　根據(jù)上文中的“My 91yearold fatherinlaw，Jim Cravens，was seriously ill”可推知，病重的岳父想活過(guò)新的千禧年。 20．A.ran B．died C．went D．passed 答案與解析：D　根據(jù)上文提到老人活過(guò)了新的千禧年并結(jié)合下文的“away on January 2”可知，應(yīng)選D。pass away意為“去世”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．A truck came in an opposite direction of the car, so the car driver made a sharply turn. ______________________________________________________ 答案：sharply→sharp　sharp “急轉(zhuǎn)彎的，方向驟變的”，修飾名詞turn, a sharp turn “一個(gè)急轉(zhuǎn)彎”。 2．Judging from the furniture in the room, the building has abandoned for a number of years. ______________________________________________________ 答案：has后加been　building與abandon之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為have/has been done，故應(yīng)加been。 3．I was about to go out while suddenly it began to rain. ______________________________________________________ 答案：while→when　be about to do ... when ... “正要做……這時(shí)……”。 4．Have you read the novel reflected the life of the Chinese doctors? ______________________________________________________ 答案：reflected→reflecting　the novel與reflect之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將過(guò)去分詞reflected改為現(xiàn)在分詞reflecting, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在該句中充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)修飾novel。 5．He was scared to die of catching a disease so hed run off to wash his hands after he shook hands with anybody. ______________________________________________________ 答案：die→death　be scared to death “嚇得要死”，為固定短語(yǔ)。 五、七選五