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Working the land ***閱讀理解。 All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners. Many years ago，children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grownups were talking. Today, wellmannered children have more freedom. Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places. Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia. Some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud “burp(打嗝)” after you finish eating. Burping would show that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a loud burp, you are told to say “Excuse me, please.” In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat. What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you are polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you e to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents，you will be asked into each one.The people will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no. Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People need ways to show that they want to be friends. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了世界上一些地方的禮儀。 1．How did polite children behave in the past? A．By looking into adults’ eyes while talking. B．By keeping silent while adults were talking. C．By slipping into the house without being heard. D．By not opening their mouths until spoken to. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，過去，在大人們說話時，兒童保持沉默是一種禮貌的行為。 2．Which custom should we follow in order to look wellmannered? A．Saying “Excuse me” on burping in Mongolia. B．Inviting guests to dinner together in Polynesia. C．Talking with a friend before he pletes things in East Africa. D．Accepting an eating invitation in Arabia. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句可知，接受阿拉伯人一起吃飯的邀請是禮貌的行為。 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Hear much，speak little. B．Love me，love my dog. C．When in Rome do as the Romans do. D．Do what you ought to. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是最后一段的第一句可推知，禮儀因地域而各有不同，因此最好的做法是入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 ***語法填空。 Anyone who has had a longterm disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This can be __1__ (especial) true of children. They may feel __2__ (leave) out. Now, these children may have a hightech friend to help feel less lonely. A small robot may help children who are recovering from a longterm __3__ (ill). The robot like human beings takes their place at school. And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks. Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends. He or she can also attend classes from wherever they are recovering—whether at home __4__ from a hospital bed. Dolva, one of the scientists who __5__ (be) concentrating on developing the robot, explains __6__ the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. __7__ (use) the same device, he or she can control the robots movements. Inside the robot, there is a small puter linked __8__ a 4G network. The robot is __9__ (equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes municating __10__ (easy). So its the eyes and the ears and the voices at school. Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。病人由于長期患病在家，可能會感覺很孤獨(dú)，對于孩子更是如此。本文介紹了一種機(jī)器人，可以幫助患病的孩子減少孤獨(dú)感。 1．especially　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處修飾形容詞true，要用副詞，故填especially。 2．left　考查非謂語動詞。leave out表示“遺漏；忽略”，與主語they構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作表語。故填left。 3．illness　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。longterm為形容詞，意為“長期的”，后應(yīng)接名詞。故填illness。 4．or　考查連詞。根據(jù)句中的whether可知應(yīng)填or，whether ... or ... 為固定搭配，“無論……還是……”。 5．a(chǎn)re　考查主謂一致和動詞的時態(tài)。本句中，who引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為the scientists，故從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；全文客觀地介紹一種機(jī)器人，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填are。 6．how　考查賓語從句的連接詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作explains的賓語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少狀語，表“方式”，故用how連接該從句。 7．Using　考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語can control，因此，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞；use與其邏輯主語he or she之間為主動關(guān)系，且非謂語動詞在句中作方式狀語。故填Using。 8．to/with　考查介詞。be linked to/with ... 為固定搭配，“與……連接”。故填to/with。 9．equipped　考查動詞的語態(tài)。be equipped with ... 為固定搭配，“裝配有……”。故填equipped。 10．easier　考查形容詞的比較級。設(shè)空處在定語從句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，而且本句暗含比較意義，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。故填easier。 ***完形填空。 When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t 1 . At twelve, she asked our parents if she could 2 a fulltime music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister 3 talent. I was better at my 4 . My teacher had told my parents that I had great 5 . So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to 6 me. But the only time he was 7 was Saturday afternoons at 3 p．m. Back then, I was 8 about the British TV show The Avengers, which was 9 every Saturday at 3 p．m. I let nothing take up my The Avengers hour. So I 10 this amazing opportunity.Today, I don’t even have a 11 in my house. My sister became an engineer, but she 12 stopped making music. When she was in her 40s, she switched her 13 . She went back to college，got a(n) 14 in music education，and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never 15 ． Recently, she and a pianist pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family 16 for her. As she played, I looked around at the 17 . Everyone was 18 enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7yearold kid making those perfectly 19 sounds and knew how far she had e, despite 20 ． Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，通過講述妹妹追求夢想的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：天賦很重要，但更重要的是熱情。 1．A.advance B．quit C．reflect D．listen B　解析：根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；結(jié)合本句的“But”表示的轉(zhuǎn)折意義可知，但她沒有放棄(quit)。 2．A.inspect B．open C．a(chǎn)ttend D．visit C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，盡管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放棄；據(jù)此可以判斷，本句句意為：在十二歲時，她問父母她是否可以去全日制的音樂學(xué)校上學(xué)。attend school為固定搭配，意為“上學(xué)”。 3．A.lacked B．spotted C．possessed D．a(chǎn)dmired A　解析：根據(jù)上文的“They said no.”和父母沒有答應(yīng)讓她去全日制音樂學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)可以判斷，每個人都認(rèn)為“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天賦，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．A.major B．project C．position D．instrument D　解析：根據(jù)本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋熃獭拔摇睂W(xué)鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，與妹妹相比，“我”更擅長“我”的樂器。 5．A.patience B．enthusiasm C．potential D．a(chǎn)mbition C　解析：根據(jù)下文的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋焷斫獭拔摇睂W(xué)鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，老師告訴父母說“我”很有潛能(potential)。A項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，B項(xiàng)意為“熱情”，D項(xiàng)意為“抱負(fù)”，都與語境不符。 6．A.train B．examine C．correct D．challenge A　解析：參見上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“培訓(xùn)，教育”；B項(xiàng)意為“檢查”；C項(xiàng)意為“改正”；D項(xiàng)意為“挑戰(zhàn)”。 7．A.punctual B．skillful C．occupied D．a(chǎn)vailable D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，鋼琴老師只有每周六下午三點(diǎn)有空。D項(xiàng)意為“有空的”，符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)時的”，B項(xiàng)意為“技術(shù)好的”，C項(xiàng)意為“使用中”，都與語境不符。 8．A.sensitive B．crazy C．serious D．particular B　解析：根據(jù)本句中的“about the British TV show”可判斷，“我”熱衷于一檔英國電視節(jié)目。be crazy about為固定搭配，意為“熱衷于”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“敏感的”，C項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)肅的”，D項(xiàng)意為“特別的，挑剔”，都與語境不符。 9．A.filmed B．designed C．a(chǎn)ired D．mented C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“every Saturday at 3 p．m.”可知，這檔英國電視節(jié)目在每周六的下午三點(diǎn)播放。air在本句中意為“播出，播送”，屬于熟詞生義，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“拍電影”，B項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)計(jì)”，D項(xiàng)意為“評論”。 10．A.jumped at B．turned down C．waited for D．opened up B　解析：根據(jù)前一句可知，“我”不讓任何事情占用“我”看這檔節(jié)目的時間，據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”拒絕了這一機(jī)會。B項(xiàng)意為“拒絕”，符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“迫不及待地接受”，C項(xiàng)意為“等待，等候”，D項(xiàng)意為“打開”，都與語境不符。 11．A.tutor B．violin C．musician D．piano D　解析：根據(jù)本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判斷，由于“我”拒絕了學(xué)鋼琴，所以現(xiàn)在家里甚至一臺鋼琴也沒有，故D項(xiàng)正確。 12．A.never B．once C．a(chǎn)lready D．even A　解析：根據(jù)空后兩句可知，“我”妹妹在四十幾歲時上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)音樂；據(jù)此可知，盡管“我”妹妹成了一名工程師，但是她從未(never)停止對音樂的追求，故A項(xiàng)正確。 13．A.attitude B．career C．plan D．position B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十幾歲時，她改變了職業(yè)(career)，從工程師成為一名音樂老師，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，C項(xiàng)意為“計(jì)劃”，D項(xiàng)意為“地位”，都與語境不符。 14．A.scholarship B．sponsor C．degree D．a(chǎn)ssistant C　解析：根據(jù)句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)音樂，并取得了音樂教育的學(xué)位(degree)，成了一名音樂老師。A項(xiàng)意為“獎學(xué)金”，B項(xiàng)意為“贊助人”，D項(xiàng)意為“助手”，都與語境不符。 15．A.provided B．imagined C．received D．expected C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的父母認(rèn)為妹妹沒有音樂天賦，拒絕了妹妹上全日制音樂學(xué)校的請求，據(jù)此可以判斷，妹妹做音樂老師時，給了孩子們她未曾得到(received)的鼓勵和支持。A項(xiàng)意為“提供”，B項(xiàng)意為“想象”，D項(xiàng)意為“期望”，都與語境不符。 16．A.voted B．feared C．stayed up D．turned up D　解析：根據(jù)上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位鋼琴家舉辦了一場演奏會；據(jù)此可以判斷，朋友和家人們都到場了。A項(xiàng)意為“投票”，B項(xiàng)意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，C項(xiàng)意為“熬夜”，D項(xiàng)意為“到達(dá)，露面”。 17．A.students B．a(chǎn)udience C．spotlights D．platform B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂；據(jù)此可知，“我”環(huán)顧了四周的觀眾(audience)，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)生”，C項(xiàng)意為“聚光燈”，D項(xiàng)意為“平臺，講臺”。 18．A.obviously B．desperately C．a(chǎn)ppropriately D．a(chǎn)nxiously A　解析：根據(jù)本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很顯然(obviously)，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂。B項(xiàng)意為“極其”，C項(xiàng)意為“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍保珼項(xiàng)意為“著急地”，都與語境不符。 19．A.booming B．pleasing C．a(chǎn)wful D．powerful C　解析：根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，七歲時，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“迅速發(fā)展的”，B項(xiàng)意為“令人愉快的”，D項(xiàng)意為“有力量的”，都與語境不符。 20．A.everything B．something C．everybody D．somebody A　解析：根據(jù)本句中的“and knew how far she had e，despite”并結(jié)合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七歲時演奏小提琴的糟糕的聲音，只有“我”知道她不顧一切(everything)走了多遠(yuǎn)。 ***短文改錯。 Mistakes are unavoidable in life. But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved. In a beginning, I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes.Before long my teacher got to know about my situation.He encouraged me to speak out that I thought. Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging, my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must avoid them.I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak. Practice made perfect. Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes, “Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes. Learn from mistakes, and success is just waiting for us. 答案： Mistakes are unavoidable in life. But attitudes towards may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved. In beginning, I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes.Before long my teacher got to know about my situation.He encouraged me to speak out I thought. Whenever I made mistakes and felt ， my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I avoid them.I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak. Practice perfect. Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes, “Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes. Learn from mistakes, and success is just waiting for us. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第四處：that→what　考查賓語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，what既作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，也作從句中及物動詞thought的賓語，而that在賓語從句中不作成分，故將that改為what。 第六處：must→could　考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句表示“幫我弄明白怎樣才能避免這些錯誤”，作者回顧提高英語口語的過程，是過去發(fā)生的行為，故用could do sth.。 第十處：afraid前加be　考查祈使句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為祈使句，afraid為形容詞，故afraid前加動詞原形be。 ***