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選修8　Unit 4　Pygmalion 一、閱讀理解 A The Swedish Academy that awards the Nobel Prize has apparently still been unable to contact Bob Dylan about his acceptance of the honour. On Thursday, Dylan gave a concert in Las Vegas and didnt mention the fact that he had just won the worlds most honoured literary award. He didnt acknowledge it on Friday when he performed in Coachella, either. In a recent interview with The Telegraph, he said that hed “absolutely” attend the ceremony “if its at all possible”， and he finally called the Academy to accept the prize though later he wrote a personal letter to the Academy, which said he would not receive the award in person at the December ceremony in Stockholm. But what would happen if Dylan had continued to screen the Academys calls? JeanPaul Sartre is the only known winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature to have declined the award voluntarily; he had written a letter to the mittee in 1964 asking not to be considered at all, but these were the days before email, and the letter arrived when they had already decided to give it to him that year. Sartre believed every individual is responsible for creating a purpose for their life. By accepting the prize, Sartre would have to associate himself with the institution that honoured him. “It is not the same thing if I sign JeanPaul Sartre or if I sign JeanPaul Sartre, Nobel Prize winner，” he plained. “A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution(名流), even if it takes place in the most honourable form.” Other writers have declined it because they feared persecution(迫害). The Soviet writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn did not travel to Stockholm for his ceremony in 1970, because he was concerned that the Soviet Union would not allow him to return afterwards. The mittee refused Solzhenitsyns request for a public ceremony at the Swedish Embassy in Moscow, so he initially turned down the prize, but formally accepted it in 1974 after he was exiled (放逐)． But while it is possible to refuse to accept the prize money, it isnt possible to refuse the title. According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, Nobel Prizes cannot ever be returned. 【文章大意】　本文講述的是2016諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的獲得者Bob Dylan最初忽視自己獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的事實(shí)，并列舉了其他拒絕諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的作家。如果拒絕接受諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？ 【難句分析】On Thursday, Dylan gave a concert in Las Vegas and didnt mention the fact that he had just won the worlds most honoured literary award.(第一段第二句) 分析：句中that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說明the fact的內(nèi)容。 譯文：在周四，Drlan在拉斯維加斯舉行音樂會(huì)并且沒有提及他剛獲得世界上最受尊崇的文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的事實(shí)。 1. Which word can replace the underlined word “screen” in Paragraph 1? A．Ignore. B．Examine. C．Abuse. D．Blame. 答案與解析：A　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，一開始瑞典文學(xué)院聯(lián)系不到Bob Dylan，而他在公開場(chǎng)合也不曾提及獲獎(jiǎng)事宜，故可推知，畫線詞的意思是“忽視，不予理睬”，故選A項(xiàng)。 2. Why did Sartre refuse the Nobel Prize? A．To keep things unchanged. B．He thought ill of the prize. C．To avoid adding weight to his name. D．The mittees letter arrived too late. 答案與解析：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution(名流)，even if it takes place in the most honourable form.”可知，JeanPaul Sartre認(rèn)為作家必須拒絕把自己變成一個(gè)名流，即使是以最尊貴的形式也不行。由此可推知，他拒絕接受諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的原因是他不想讓這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)使他名聲大噪。故選C項(xiàng)。 3. What did Solzhenitsyn ask the mittee to do? A．Help him travel to Stockholm. B．Award him in Moscow. C．Publish his works worldwide. D．Protect him from being prisoned. 答案與解析：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“The mittee refused Solzhenitsyns request for a public ceremony at the Swedish Embassy in Moscow”可知，Solzhenitsyn曾向委員會(huì)要求在莫斯科瑞典大使館頒獎(jiǎng)，但被委員會(huì)拒絕了。故選B項(xiàng)。 4. What would be the possible result if Dylan refused the award? A．The prize money would belong to him. B．The award would be still listed in his name. C．He would be forced to attend the ceremony. D．Someone else would accept the title instead. 答案與解析：B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...it isnt possible to refuse the title. According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, Nobel Prizes cannot ever be returned.”可知，拒絕諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的頭銜是不可能的，且諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)不能退還。由此可推知選B項(xiàng)。 B Crossing your legs is an extremely mon habit; most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down. While you may find it fortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of. A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You wont feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Dont keep your legs crossed. Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of disfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage. So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run. 1.What can we learn about crossing ones legs? A. It is a very bad social habit. B. It is usually practiced deliberately. C. It can make others feel unfortable. D. It can do harm to peoples health. 2.According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can______. A. resist gravity effectively B. affect your blood pressure C. lead to heart attacks easily D. improve the function of legs 3.In the third paragraph "pins and needles" probably means______. A. serious muscle injuries B. being a little nervous C. slight sharp pains D. being highly flexible 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To give readers some advice. B. To pare mon habits. C. To evaluate effects of an experiment. D. To introduce research methods. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)蹺二郎腿對(duì)身體有害，大家要改掉蹺二郎腿的壞習(xí)慣。 1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，蹺二郎腿對(duì)健康有害。 2.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，蹺二郎腿會(huì)使血壓升高。 4.A 【解析】文章意圖題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”及最后一段中的“So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)蹺二郎腿對(duì)健康有害，因此這篇文章的目的是建議大家改掉蹺二郎腿的壞習(xí)慣。 二、七選五 (2018成都市高中畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試) Traveling alone gives you the freedom to create your own schedule and do as you please. __1__ For example, a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of firsthand experience with unfamiliar locations and cultures. Here are several tips to find a travel partner who will improve your journey. __2__ Traveling should be fun. When you are on a trip, you will want to do lots of activities that you enjoy. Preferably, your panion will want to do the same things as you. Discuss financial plans. Before you travel, you should plan a budget. __3__ You dont want to be planning an expensive getaway at the same time your friend is looking for budget travel. Have an honest conversation. If you are thinking about traveling with a panion, take some time to have an open discussion. Schedule a time to sit down and talk. Try saying，“I know weve talked about the idea of traveling through Europe together. Lets have a coffee this week and actually talk that through.” __4__ You should also talk about your travel style. Find someone who is flexible. Choose a travel partner who can adjust. __5__ Maybe it will rain on the day you planned to visit the Grand Canyon. Or you might not be able to get reservations at that French restaurant youve been dying to try. A．Look for someone with mon interests. B．You should discuss your goals for the trip. C．Travel with a friend who is pretty easygoing. D．But traveling with a partner has its benefits，too. E．Make sure that you are on the same page concerning money. F．Try to meet your new travel partner in person before your trip. G．No matter how carefully you plan your trip, it is likely that something will go wrong. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了如何找到一個(gè)很好的旅伴。 1．答案與解析：D根據(jù)空后句子“For example, a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of firsthand experience”可知，空處談?wù)摰氖呛吐冒橐黄鹇眯杏嘘P(guān)的，而空前講述的是獨(dú)自旅行，上下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以D選項(xiàng)正確。 2．答案與解析：A根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，此處為段落主題句。根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，最好和你的旅伴有共同的興趣，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。 3．答案與解析：E根據(jù)本段中的關(guān)鍵詞“financial plans”、“plan a budget”和“budget travel”可知，選項(xiàng)E中的“on the same page concerning money”與此內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，所以選E。 4．答案與解析：B根據(jù)本段主題句“進(jìn)行誠(chéng)實(shí)的談話”可知，此段的核心話題是“談話”；又根據(jù)空后的“You should also talk about your travel style.”可知，你還需要和你的旅伴討論你們的旅行方式。選項(xiàng)B中的關(guān)鍵詞“discuss your goals”與此呼應(yīng)，所以選B。 5．答案與解析：G本段主題句是“找到一個(gè)頭腦靈活的旅伴”。根據(jù)空后的例子可知，在旅行中會(huì)突然出現(xiàn)意想不到的事情。G選項(xiàng)中的“carefully you plan your trip”和“go wrong”與此照應(yīng)，所以選G。 四、短文改錯(cuò) (2018師大附中模擬) Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation. In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 答案： Jinan is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one. One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation. In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 四、語(yǔ)法填空 I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed, but felt that since I’d always been __1__ good child, this was temporary. __2__ (fortunate), it was not to be so.I didn’t have friends.Hardly could I share my problems.Deep worry began to destroy my __3__ (confident)．Finally I refused to attend classes, __4__ (shut) myself in my room for hours. The examination was approaching, but I simply didn’t care.My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance.One morning, __5__ a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stood at the school gate, __6__ (depress)．Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me.The next fortyfive minutes was one __7__ the most precious moments in my life.She said she __8__ (notice) a big change in me and wondered why.At first she took my hands in __9__ (she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.Then she hugged me as I wept.Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug. No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, __10__ helped me out simply by listening and hugging. 1．a(chǎn)　child是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在文章中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，表示“一個(gè)”好孩子。 2．Unfortunately　不幸的是，情況并非如此。根據(jù)逗號(hào)的提示可知，此處應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式，修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)。再根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用Unfortunately。 3．confidence　my是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞，作定語(yǔ)，故填confidence。 4．shutting　shut和句子主語(yǔ)I之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 5．a(chǎn)fter　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用連詞after，表示“在……之后”。 6．depressed　由句子的主語(yǔ)I和該空前的逗號(hào)可知，應(yīng)用形容詞depressed在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。 7．of　此處表示“最珍貴的時(shí)刻之一”，故用of。 8．had noticed　notice的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在said之前，表示過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。 9．hers　介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，且由空格前的“my hands”可知，此處用名詞性物主代詞hers, 表示她的手。 10．who　who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞the headmaster。