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Unit 24 Society 課時練(一)　閱讀理解組塊專練——練速度 (限時：35分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷六)Dont miss out on student petitions available from NASA.Check this page often for new additions. NASA_Earth_&_Space_Air_Prize Audience: Higher Education Students Registration Deadline: Dec.13, 2017 The petition asks individuals to design and develop sensors (探測裝置) useful in spaceflight as well as on Earth.Three finalists will receive ＄50,000 each to build a functioning sensor according to their suggestions.The winner will receive a ＄100,000 award. Future_Engineers:_Two_for_the_Crew_Challenge Audience: K－12 Students Registration Deadline: Dec.19, 2017 Use your head to create a tool that bines the functions of two objects already being used by crew aboard the International Space Station! Visit the Challenge Website to find out about space station tools and to get brainstorming resources to help you create a design.The site provides links to free 3D design software.The winning design will be 3D printed on the station.Prizes include “3D Printing in Space” prize packs, a 3D printer for your school and a trip to Washington, D．C.! Mission_X_2018:_Train_Like_an_Astronaut_—_Walk_to_the_Moon_Challenge Audience: All Educators and Students, Home School Parents and Afterschool Groups Registration Deadline: Dec.31, 2017 Mission X encourages children of all ages to seek healthy lifestyles based on training like an astronaut.In 2018, Mission X is challenging fit explorers around the world to work together to perform activities in which all will move online mascot (吉祥物) Astro Charlie the 478 million steps required to walk from the Earth to the moon! Thats 238,857 miles, or 384,403 kilometers! The challenge starts in January.Visit the website for full challenge details. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了美國國家航空航天局主辦的面向不同層次的學生的三項競賽。 1．Who is NASA Earth & Space Air Prize most likely intended for? A．High school students.　　 B．Home school parents. C．College students. D．College educators. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NASA Earth & Space Air Prize部分中的“Audience: Higher Education Students”可知，此項比賽主要針對的是受過高等教育的學生；結(jié)合選項可知，只有C項“大學生”符合文章內(nèi)容。故選C。 2．What can we know about the “Mission X 2018”？ A．It kicks off in the year of 2018. B．It aims to find potential astronauts. C．It allows of an experience of flying. D．It provides participants with cash prizes. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分中的“The challenge starts in January”及“Registration Deadline: Dec.31, 2017”可知，Mission X 2018這項競賽在2018年開始。故選A。 3．Whats the purpose of this passage? A．To call on people to visit NASA. B．To stress the importance of creativity. C．To introduce the development of NASA. D．To attract people to NASA petitions. 解析：選D　寫作意圖題。縱觀全文尤其是第一段中的“Dont miss out on student petitions available from NASA”可知，本文主要介紹了美國國家航空航天局主辦的面向不同層次的學生的競賽，目的是吸引他們?nèi)⒓?。故選D。 B (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷二)Back in January, I was watching a college football game and came to a realization: As a high school senior, pretty soon, Ill be the same age as some of the top athletes in the world. This realization was both confusing and forting. Until this point, Id always thought of top athletes in another generation. I had no real connection to people in the news or playing sports on TV because they were so much older. But pretty soon, people of my age will be the ones dominating (支配) the news. The fort came in understanding that as I prepare to graduate from Sanford H. Calhoun High School in Merrick, Im not that far off from entering the real world, and I will have a chance to make a name for myself. Right now, Im at the end of one of life stages, with many more to e. As seniors, many in my class developed superiority_plexes. Wed see babyfaced ninthgraders and think, “Ugh, those annoying freshmen.” Or wed hear juniors plain about starting the college application process and say to each other, “Those juniors have no idea what theyre talking about.” Of course, last years seniors said the same thing about last years juniors, repeating a timeless cycle. Psychologist and author Thomas Armstrong writes that life is made up of 12 stages. He stresses that no stage is more important than another, and each has its own unique gifts. There is no highest point in life, no impressive ending when you are above everybody else. At the same time, there is no lowest point in life; at no point is a human worthless and below others. Just as an infant isnt below everyone else, our elders arent above everyone else. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在觀看足球比賽時意識到自己將和一些優(yōu)秀的運動員同歲，并由此引發(fā)了其對高中生活和人生的感悟。 4．What can we know about the author? A．Hell finish his high school studies about one year later. B．Reflecting on the past is a part of his daily routine. C．Football is a particular favorite with him. D．He dreams of being an excellent athlete. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“As a high school senior”可知，作者作為高中畢業(yè)班學生，會在大約一年后完成自己的高中學業(yè)。故選A。 5．Why did the author find his realization forting? A．The top athletes are the same age as him. B．There is a possibility that he can be famous. C．He will be admitted to his dream university. D．Hes made full preparations for entering society. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“I will have a chance to make a name for myself”可知，作者覺得自己的感悟中令人欣慰的部分是他很快就會步入真正的世界，也將有機會讓自己出名。make a name“出名，成名”。故選B。 6．What does the underlined phrase “superiority plexes” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．A habit of making plaints. B．A habit of following in others footsteps. C．A feeling that you are better than others. D．A feeling that others are unapproachable. 解析：選C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Wed see babyfaced ninthgraders and think ... repeating a timeless cycle”可知，該段主要講的是作為畢業(yè)班學生，作者的很多同學會在新生面前自以為是，或者嘲笑那些抱怨大學申請過程(復雜)的低年級學生，即高年級學生會在低年級學生面前產(chǎn)生一種優(yōu)越感，故畫線詞的意思應為“優(yōu)越感”。故選C。 7．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph? A．Life is meant to be lived and enjoyed. B．Life is never smooth, full of ups and downs. C．One should try to reach his greatest potential. D．Everyone has their own value and position in life. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“at no point is a human worthless and below others. Just as an infant isnt below everyone else, our elders arent above everyone else”可知，在任何時候人都是有價值的，不低于他人，亦不高于他人，即每個人在生活中都有自己的價值和位置。故選D。 C (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷五)Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare or provide support for others in their munity tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.Having fulltime custody (監(jiān)護) of grandchildren can have a negative effect on health, but occasional helping can be beneficial for seniors. The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70 in the Berlin Aging Study.The participants pleted interviews and medical tests every two years.The researchers did not include any grandparents who were the primary caregivers for their grandchildren, only those who cared for grandchildren occasionally.The study team pared this group with seniors who provided support for nonfamily members, such as friends or neighbors, and seniors who did not provide any care for other people. Overall, after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, pared with grandparents who did not provide any childcare. Half of the grandparents who cared for grandchildren were still alive ten years after the initial interview.The same was true for participants who did not have grandchildren but supported their adult children in some way, such as helping with housework.In contrast, about half of the participants who did not help others died within five years after the start of the study. “Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Arpino, adding that previous studies suggest that caregiving may improve cognitive (認知的) functioning, mental and physical health. Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health, and too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or volunteering. “Children should take into consideration their parents needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，” Arpino suggested. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶爾幫忙照看孩子或者給社區(qū)的其他人提供幫助的老年人會更長壽。 8．What does the study from Berlin focus on? A．The problems faced by grandparents providing childcare. B．Whether grandparents should provide childcare. C．How grandparents can help out with childcare. D．The benefits of childcare on grandparents. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare ...other people”及下文的內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶爾幫忙照看孩子或者給社區(qū)的其他人提供幫助的老年人比那些不關(guān)心他人的老年人活得更久。由此可知，該研究的關(guān)注點是兒童照管給老年人帶來的好處。故選D。 9．Whats Arpinos attitude toward caregiving? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Favorable. 解析：選B　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active”及第六段中的“caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health, and too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities”可知，Arpino既肯定了兒童看護對老年人的好處，也說明了過多的看護責任可能會帶來的不利影響，因此Arpino對讓老年人看護兒童所持的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。 10．Which statement may Arpino agree with? A．Grandparents are really the best choice for childcare. B．There is a growing trend toward grandparenting. C．Childcare provides more opportunities for the elder. D．Proper amounts of childcare make grandparents live longer. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句和最后一段中的“Children should take into consideration their parents needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare”可知，Arpino可能認可的言論是適量的兒童看護可能會使老年人更長壽。故選D。 11．Why does the author write the passage? A．To present the findings of a study. B．To tell the senior how to live longer. C．To stress the importance of childcare. D．To give advice on looking after the aged. 解析：選A　寫作意圖題。縱觀全文可知，本文主要向讀者介紹了一項研究的結(jié)果，即偶爾幫忙照看孩子或者給社區(qū)的其他人提供幫助的老年人會更長壽。故作者寫作本文的意圖是告訴人們這一研究的結(jié)果。故選A。 D (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷三)The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents.But through working as a parttime skating instructor and restaurant server, she isnt able to earn enough to live anywhere other than home. To some degree, multigenerational households (家庭) have always been a part of American life.However, the number of young adults who have been moving back in with their parents — or never leaving home in the first place — has been growing steadily. UBS Financial Services released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesnt want them to leave. The report shows that 74 percent of millennials (千禧一代) get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that connect parents and children. Millennials see their parents as peers (同齡人), friends and instructors. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college.In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them. Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Group in the US, said the number of young adults striking out on their own fell during the Great Recession.Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesnt necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest.He said, “They may like living at home and being able to save money.” “Theres no doubt it has held back household formation and purchases of things people spend money on related to household formation and perhaps related to childraising，” Hoffman explained.“But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they dont have a house expense or marriage.I dont know if it represents a change in moral values.But its much more mon for adult children to live in their parents homes because its being part of the culture.” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在西方的傳統(tǒng)觀念中，成年即意味著要離開父母，獨立生活。然而現(xiàn)在，越來越多的西方年輕人更傾向于與父母同住。 12．What can be learned about Caitlin Hipp? A．She is in her thirties. B．She is ambitious for her career. C．She can barely make ends meet. D．She prefers living with her parents. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“But through working as a parttime skating instructor and restaurant server, she isnt able to earn enough to live anywhere other than home”可知，如果不住在家里，通過作兼職滑冰教練和餐館服務員，Hipp是不能賺取足夠的錢來獨立生活的，即她很難維持生計。故選C。 13．Whats the reason for young adults living at home according to UBS Financial Services? A．The lack of job opportunity. B．Their parents need for them. C．The high pressure from modern life. D．Their parents overprotection of them. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesnt want them to leave”可知，據(jù)瑞銀金融服務公司發(fā)布的報告顯示，越來越多的年輕人住在家里的一個原因是他們的父母不想讓他們離開，即他們的父母需要他們。故選B。 14．What does Hoffman think of young adults living at home? A．It will never go out of fashion. B．It may allow of more travel chances. C．It results from the change in moral values. D．It goes against Americas cultural development. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they dont have a house expense or marriage”可知，在Hoffman看來，年輕人住在家里可能會使他們擁有更多的旅游機會。故選B。 15．What is the authors purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce different types of living arrangements. B．To stress the importance of financial independence. C．To inform people of a social phenomenon in the US. D．To explain why American young adults still live at home. 解析：選C　寫作意圖題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了在美國，越來越多的年輕人傾向于與父母同住的這樣一種社會現(xiàn)象，故C項最能概括作者寫作本文的目的。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷二)Being first in your class is a goal that you can work toward, but you must set it for yourself from the first day of high school. __16__ Read beyond assigned reading. Following your course outline and doing all of your assigned reading are important. But to pull ahead to first rank, you also need to read books that can provide that extra information you need. __17__ Prepare an extra credit report based on what you learn. __18__ Dont just physically sit in the chair. Be a part of group discussions, and volunteer for extra projects and teams. Take leadership roles whenever theyre offered. If the class has a debating team, take part in it often and e prepared with notes and references for every debate. Ask for help when you see you need it. Balancing different classes and assignments can make it difficult to keep up in every subject. If you feel that you are having trouble grasping certain topics, dont struggle until your grades begin to slip. Turn to the teachers if necessary. __19__ Show an interest in your classmates. Your teacher will notice. Ask your teacher for extra credit assignments, particularly if you receive a disappointing grade in a subject. Dont merely accept the mark. Do everything you can to raise it. Stay physically fit. __20__ Eat well, drink lots of water and get plenty of sleep. Spend time outdoors and away from your studies. But be disciplined (有條理的). Schedule a study period for each day and stick to it. A．Finish your homework in time. B．Participate in teamwork in class. C．Get plenty of exercise either through team or individual activities. D．Try these tips along your way to help you get that first rank in your class. E．Concentrate on what your teacher explains so that you can grasp the main points. F．Similarly, if you do well in a subject, tell your teacher youre available to help others. G．If youre studying World War Ⅱ， for instance, read biographies of the important players. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，就如何成為班級的第一名提出了幾點建議。 16．解析：選D　根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容及空后列舉的幾條建議可知，此處應填一個起承上啟下作用的句子，故D項“在(向著這個目標前進的)途中嘗試這些建議來幫助你成為班級的第一名”符合語境。 17．解析：選G　根據(jù)本段的主旨句“Read beyond assigned reading”可知，本段主要講的是要閱讀老師布置的閱讀材料之外的東西，再結(jié)合空處前后的內(nèi)容可知，G項“例如，如果你正在學習第二次世界大戰(zhàn)，就去讀一讀(戰(zhàn)爭的)重要參與者的自傳”符合語境。“biographies of the important players”是對上文中的“extra information”的具體說明。 18．解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“Be a part of group discussions, and volunteer for extra projects and teams”和“If the class has a debating team, take part in it”可知，本段主要講的是關(guān)于參與班級的集體活動方面的內(nèi)容，故B項“在課堂中參與團隊合作”符合語境。 19．解析：選F　根據(jù)本段的主旨句“Ask for help when you see you need it”及空后一句可知，空處內(nèi)容應是與幫助同學有關(guān)，故F項“同樣地，如果你某門功課學得好，告訴你的老師你可以幫助其他人”符合語境。 20．解析：選C　根據(jù)本段的主旨句“Stay physically fit”可知，本段主要講的是要保持身體健康。再結(jié)合下文中的“Eat well, drink lots of water and get plenty of sleep. Spend time outdoors”可知，此處說明的應是保持身體健康的方式，故C項“通過集體活動或個人活動獲得大量的鍛煉”符合語境。 課時練(二)　語言知識運用組塊專練——練準度 (限時：30分鐘) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2019貴陽監(jiān)測)There was a little, but always strange girl. Everything was bad for her. She wished to meet an enchantress (女魔法師) that would turn her life a(n) __1__ tale. One day an enchantress came and said that one of her wishes would __2__. The girl became very happy at first, but then she started to think that she had a lot of wishes and all of them were __3__ for her. She could not __4__ just one. Then the __5__ enchantress said that she would help her realize one wish every day. The girl became __6__ — now all her dreams will bee realities. From that day on, she was waiting every morning with joy and __7__. Then as days passed, the dreams became real ones ... But soon the little girl realized that __8__ of the wishes did not give her joy and happiness which she __9__ for. Many wishes brought her disappointment, and some __10__ pains. Almost every dream was an empty little girls caprice (任性). Though being __11__， she suddenly found that she did not __12__ this. Soon she started to __13__ the dreams. She was afraid to __14__ every day, waiting for the realization of another wish. Crying, she asked the enchantress to __15__ only one dream — to live as she lived __16__ and enjoy life. The good enchantress had __17___ upon the little girl. She waved her magic wand and disappeared. The girl was happy __18__ she knew that now she would carefully seek for her one big __19__ dream, not wasting time with shortterm, __20__， quite unnecessary wishes. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇寓言故事，講述了一個小女孩遇到了一位女魔法師，她答應每天實現(xiàn)小女孩一個愿望以及小女孩在這個過程中所明白的道理。 1．A.funny B．outstanding C．fairy D．extraordinary 解析：選C　根據(jù)語境可知，小女孩的生活很糟糕，她希望遇到一位女魔法師，把她的生活變成童話。fairy tale“童話”。 2．A.give out B．e true C．e out D．give off 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“The girl became very happy at first”可知，此處為她的愿望中的一個會實現(xiàn)(e true)。 3．A.mysterious B．humorous C．important D．private 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文可知，小女孩有很多愿望，下文提到“She could not ________ just one”，所以此處應是指所有的愿望對她來說都很重要(important)，她無法只選擇一個。 4．A.remind B．choose C．change D．guess 解析：選B　參見上題解析。choose“選擇”；remind“提醒”；guess“猜測”。 5．A.kind B．strict C．magical D．optimistic 解析：選A　根據(jù)空后的“enchantress said that she would help her realize one wish every day”可知，女魔法師說她每天都會幫助小女孩實現(xiàn)一個愿望，因此她是善良的(kind)。最后一段中的“The good enchantress”也是提示。 6．A.weaker B．prouder C．luckier D．happier 解析：選D　善良的女魔法師答應她每天都能實現(xiàn)一個愿望，所以這個小女孩變得更加高興(happier)了。 7．A.enthusiasm B．sorrow C．surprise D．doubt 解析：選A　從那天起，她每天早晨都懷著喜悅和熱情(enthusiasm)等待著。sorrow“悲傷”；surprise“驚訝”；doubt“懷疑”。 8．A.description B．wonder C．a(chǎn)chievement D．expression 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文“Then as days passed, the dreams became real ones”可知，此處指夢想成了現(xiàn)實，但是愿望的實現(xiàn)(achievement)并沒有給小女孩帶來她所期望的快樂。 9．A.hoped B．took C．thanked D．a(chǎn)nswered 解析：選A　參見上題解析。 10．A.still B．ever C．indeed D．even 解析：選D　上文指出許多愿望使她感到失望，此處應指一些愿望甚至(even)給她帶來了痛苦。此處用even表示遞進關(guān)系。 11．A.annoyed B．satisfied C．confused D．excited 解析：選B　上文說女魔法師實現(xiàn)了小女孩的愿望，所以此處表示小女孩是滿足的(satisfied)。 12．A.want B．do C．get D．decide 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文中的Though可知，小女孩雖然實現(xiàn)了愿望，但她突然發(fā)現(xiàn)這并不是她想要的。 13．A.suspect B．hate C．fear D．enjoy 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文中的“She was afraid to ________ every day, waiting for the realization of another wish”可知，此處為她開始害怕(fear)夢想。下文中的“was afraid to”為重要提示。 14．A.stand up B．wake up C．go to sleep D．dress up 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文的“that she would help her realize one wish every day”“she was waiting every morning with joy and ________”可知，此處表示她每天醒來(wake up)。 15．A.understand B．remember C．a(chǎn)ccept D．realize 解析：選D　根據(jù)語境以及空后的“only one dream”可知，此處指實現(xiàn)一個愿望，故用realize。