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Unit 2 Growing pains 一、閱讀理解。 It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of being obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 1.The passage is mainly for those_________. A. who produce wine B. who have a drinking habit C. who go on a diet D. who are eager to lose weight 2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________. A. excitedly B. carefully C. frequently D. properly 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight. B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat. C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. 4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. How to do some easy experiments. B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C. How to prove the finding mentioned above. D. How to make wine in a healthy way. 【文章大意】文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，告訴我們適量葡萄酒還會(huì)減肥。 1.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的關(guān)系。所以說是寫給有 喝酒習(xí)慣的人的，故選B。 2.D【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。與上句形成對(duì)比，此處指適量飲酒的人事實(shí)上能減肥，moderation＂適度＂與D 項(xiàng)同義，故選D。 4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后講到葡萄酒和紅酒混合會(huì)破壞肥胖細(xì)胞，所以下文會(huì)證明這一觀點(diǎn)， 故選C。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇 1.—It angered me that a neighbour accused me _______ kicking her pet. —Oh, you had the right to defend yourself _______ her accusation. A. of; against B. for; from C. against; for D. for; against 【答案】A 2.The officer _______ that Michael did not follow the correct procedure in applying for a visa. A. resisted B. insisted C. diseased D. assisted 【答案】B 【解析】句意：這位官員堅(jiān)持認(rèn)定Michael沒有按照正確的程序申請(qǐng)簽證。insisted“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)定/說” 3.What worried the mother most was _______ the Internet after class in this school. A. her son’s not forbidding surfing B. her son’s not being forbidden to surf C. her son’s being not forbidden to surf D. her son’s having not forbidden surfing 【答案】B 【解析】forbid常用于forbid sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)詞ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not。句意：讓這位母親最為擔(dān)憂的是，在這所學(xué)校她的兒子下課后沒有被禁止上網(wǎng)。 4.And _______,he must review what he has studied at least three times. A. not at all B. in all C. at the last moment D. last but not least 【答案】D 【解析】last but not least最后也是相當(dāng)重要的就是。句意：最后也是相當(dāng)重要的就是，他必須把念過的書至少復(fù)習(xí)三遍。 5.If I had known my life was going to _______ like this, I would have let them kill me. A. find out B. turn out C. give out D. work out 【答案】B 【解析】find out查明；turn out證明是；give out分發(fā)，公布，發(fā)出；work out計(jì)算出，制定，鍛煉。turn out that/(to be)+名詞，意為“結(jié)果是，證明是”，like前省略了to be。故選B。句意：如果我早知道我的生活會(huì)變成這樣，我寧愿讓他們殺了我。 6.If you do fall out of the boat, your life jacket will help you to _______ until we can find you out. A. stay up B. e up C. make up D. stand up 【答案】A 【解祈】句意：如果你從船上掉下去的話，你的救生衣會(huì)幫你不下沉，直到我們找到你。stay up不倒，不沉，熬夜；e up走過來；make up編造，組成；stand up起立。故選A。 7.The man put down the phone with a long face, obviously _______ about the information he received. A. content B. amazed C. happy D. upset 【答案】D 【解析】與with a long face照應(yīng)，此處應(yīng)用upset。be upset about sth.是固定搭配。句意：那個(gè)人拉下臉把電話放下，顯然他對(duì)接到的消息很失望。 8.Many people with lofty ideals gave their lives in _______ of freedom. A. protection B. guard C. defence D. favor 【答案】C 【解析】in defence of為保衛(wèi)，為捍衛(wèi)，為……而辯護(hù)。句意：許多許多仁人志士為了捍衛(wèi)自由而獻(xiàn)出了他們的生命。 9.That car accident _______ all his life. After that he was limited to a wheelchair. A. damaged B. destroyed C. harmed D. ruined 【答案】D 【解析】damage損壞(程度較輕)；destroy嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞(程度較重，多指事物的損壞)；harm對(duì)……有害；ruin毀滅。此處應(yīng)是交通事故。故選D。句意：這次交通事故毀了他的一生，在那之后，他就被限制在了輪椅上(他不得不坐著輪椅)。 10.Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, whose days are _______, is full of difficulties. A. limited B. gone C. exhausted D. experienced 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我們生命旅程的日子是有限的，正像一次海上航行，充滿了艱辛。limit“限制”，符合句意。 11.Teenage is an especially important stage for us, where we are _______ to go all out to improve ourselves because anything can happen. A.known B. supposed C.thought D.considered 【答案】B 12.As you _______ this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who _______ World War II had a different experience. A. look through, put through B. see through, pushed through C. go through, lived through D. carry through, broke through 【答案】C 【解析】look through看透，仔細(xì)查看，瀏覽，翻閱，溫習(xí)；put through完成，(電話用語)撥通，使穿過 see through看透，識(shí)破，支持(某人)到底；push through促成，完成，穿過，擠過；go through通過，瀏覽，仔細(xì)檢查，審查，履行，忍受，經(jīng)歷；live through度過，經(jīng)歷；carry through堅(jiān)持到底，進(jìn)行到底，貫徹，完成；break through突圍，沖跨，克服，擠過去。句意：當(dāng)你通讀這本書的時(shí)候，你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)成千上萬的經(jīng)歷過(度過)二戰(zhàn)的每個(gè)人都有著不同的經(jīng)歷。 13.—Whom would you rather _______ with you to the library? —Of course, Mary. A. went B. have go C. have gone D. go 【答案】B 14.It’s over three years since the release of animation Frozen, but the icy queen and her frozen empire are still staying put in the spotlight, as if the movie _______ only last month. A. were released B. had been released C. was released D. would have been released 【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。句意：《冰雪奇緣》上映已經(jīng)三年多了，但冰雪皇后和她的冰雪王國仍然閃耀在聚光燈下，就好像這部動(dòng)畫上個(gè)月才上映的一樣。 15.The reason _______ he told me _______ he was late is an excuse. A. why, that B. that, why C. which, that D. that, which 【答案】B 【解析】本句的主干是：the reason is an excuse。其中的he told me是定語從句，省略了在定語從句中作賓語的引導(dǎo)詞which或that；其中的he was late也是定語從句，也修飾先行詞the reason。引導(dǎo)詞可以用that，for which，why或者不填，在定語從句中作原因狀語。句意：他告訴我的為什么他會(huì)遲到的原因完全是個(gè)借口。 16.China is at a stage of industrialization _______ the contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection is obvious. A. that B. when C. which D. where 【答案】B 【解析】句意：中國正處于工業(yè)化發(fā)展階段，此時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的矛盾很明顯。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，從句修飾的是a stage of industrialization，且when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。 17.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】先行詞是“the World Food Programme”，“世界糧食項(xiàng)目”的目的之一是……，whose在定語從句中作定語，這里限定purposes，故選C。句意：1963年聯(lián)合國建立了世界糧食計(jì)劃署，其目的之一就是為了緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓問題。 三、完形填空 Kobe Bryant, a super basketball star, announced that he would retire at the end of the 2015－16 season via a letter poem. In the letter, he __1__ the moment he started rolling his dad’s tube socks and shooting __2__ game-winning shots, indicating his deep love for basketball. “This season is all I have left to give,” the 37-year-old wrote, “My heart can take the pounding. My mind can __3__ the grind(苦差)but my __4__ knows it’s time to say goodbye.” As the only son of Joe Bryant, a former NBA player, Bryant was crazy about basketball and started __5__ in at 6, and his favorite team growing up was the Lakers. Bryant earned national __6__ during an amazing high school career and his basketball skills would have ensured __7__ to any college he chose, but he decided to go directly into the NBA. He finally made it and was __8__ out of high school in 1996 and was then traded to the Lakers, for which he has played his entire career. __9__, Bryant played limited minutes, but as the season continued, he began to see some more playing time and in his second season, he began to show more of his abilities as a talented young guard. The 1998－99 season __10__ Bryant’s appearance as a premier guard in the league. __11__, even at an early stage of his career, sportswriters were paring his skills to those of Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson. There are always different interpretations of Bryant, making him the most __12__ figure in modern sports, a bination of hero and villain(反面人物). He received criticism for getting his __13__ in the games, pletely neglecting his teammates; he was suspended __14__ deliberately breaking rules; he was even charged by the court with sex assault. __15__, with 17 NBA All-Star selections, five NBA championships with the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, Kobe has brought his fans __16__ memories. His best days are long __17__ him indeed, but the way he approaches the game as well as life is always glamorous. We’ve always known, and __18__ are mentally prepared, that one day Kobe Bryant will not be __19__. Yet his retirement note still caught us off guard. It simply __20__ when farewell words are uttered(說出)from one of the all-time greats in basketball. 語篇解讀：文章主要講述科比退役一事，并由此介紹了科比的詳細(xì)情況。 1.A. remembered B. recalled C. recorded D. retold 【答案】B 【解析】recall意為“回憶”，符合語境，即指他回憶當(dāng)年的情況。 2.A. imaginary B. original C. practical D. contemporary 【答案】A 【解析】imaginary想象的；original原始的，原有的；practical實(shí)際的；contemporary現(xiàn)代的，當(dāng)代的，同一時(shí)代的。根據(jù)該空前面的“rolling his Dad’s tube socks and shooting”可知，他當(dāng)年是用他爸爸的圓筒短襪當(dāng)球打的，所以只能算是想象中的比賽。 3.A. treat B. operate C. pete D. handle 【答案】D 【解析】handle意為“處理；應(yīng)付”，符合語境，即“我”的思想上可以受得了這種苦差。 4.A. coach B. soul C. body D. teammates 【答案】C 【解析】body與前面的mind相對(duì)應(yīng)，即思想上承受得了這個(gè)苦差，但是身體上承受不了，要退役了。 5.A. involving B. diving C. participating D. throwing 【答案】B 【解析】dive in為固定搭配，意為“開始(從事)”，符合語境，即他從6歲開始打球。 6.A. confirmation B. recognition C. realization D. remendation 【答案】B 7.A. permission B. occupation C. admission D. submission 【答案】C 【解析】admission在這里意為“錄取”，即憑借他籃球方面的技能，他可以被任何一所他所選擇的大學(xué)錄取。 8.A. drafted B. removed C. substituted D. employed 【答案】A 【解析】draft本義為“征募”，在這里表示“被選中”，符合語境，即他被NBA選中。 9.A. Previously B. Frequently C. Basically D. Initially 【答案】D 【解析】initially意為“開始；最初”。起初，Bryant鍛煉有限的時(shí)間，后來慢慢增加練習(xí)時(shí)間。previously 先前地；frequently 頻繁地，經(jīng)常地；basically基本地。 10.A. represented B. symbolized C. marked D. reflected 【答案】C 【解析】mark...as...為固定搭配，意為“把……標(biāo)志為……”，符合語境，即1998~1999年是Bryant事業(yè)突飛猛進(jìn)的時(shí)期。 11.A. In addition B. In fact C. Therefore D. Then 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，用in fact承接。事實(shí)上，早在他的事業(yè)剛起步時(shí)，有關(guān)報(bào)道者便將他的技巧與喬丹等相提并論了。 12.A. outstanding B. ridiculous C. controversial D. honourable 【答案】C 【解析】outstanding杰出的；ridiculous可笑的；controversial有爭(zhēng)議的；authentic真實(shí)的。根據(jù)后半句中的“a bination of hero and villain”可知，他是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的人物，因此選C。 13.A. way B. scores C. manner D. benefit 【答案】A 【解析】get one’s way為固定短語，意為“隨心所欲”，符合語境，即批評(píng)他打球沒有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神，隨心所欲、單打獨(dú)斗。 14.A. in response to B. in terms of C. on account of D. in the absence of 【答案】C 【解析】on account of意為“因?yàn)椤?，符合語境，即他因?yàn)楣室膺`規(guī)而被停賽。 15.A. Instead B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. However 【答案】D 16.A. boring B. disappointing C. shocking D. thrilling 【答案】D 【解析】boring枯燥無味的；disappointing令人失望的；shocking令人震驚的；thrilling刺激的，令人激動(dòng)的。根據(jù)上下文可知，D項(xiàng)正確，即科比總給他的粉絲激動(dòng)的感覺。 17.A. above B. before C. behind D. beyond 【答案】C 【解析】他的輝煌已成過去。 18.A. more or less B. sooner or later C. now and then D. by and by 【答案】A 【解析】more or less意為“或多或少地”，符合語境。我們或多或少地在思想上做好了準(zhǔn)備。sooner or later 遲早；now and then不時(shí)地；by and by不久以后。 19.A. around B. here C. there D. about 【答案】A 20.A. works B. hurts C. suffers D. separates 【答案】B 【解析】當(dāng)科比說再見時(shí)，大家會(huì)感到心痛。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)正確。 四、七選五 Think about what youve learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you. 1 The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露). Try to understand where its ing from，and why. Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？Its important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2 Resist the urge to dish it out. Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out，but he or she cant take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might bee a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine. Resist the urge to take revenge. If youve been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for an eye”． 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 A．Be cautious about making friends. B．Be careful about your private information. C．Try to persuade more people to be on your side. D．So if you can，figure out how the rumor occurs. E．In other words，dont be the person to spread rumors. F．Its tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others. G．And make you as much of a bully(恃強(qiáng)凌弱者)as any other rumor starter. 【語篇解讀】　本文為說明文。講述的是如何正確應(yīng)對(duì)謠言。 1．B　[根據(jù)下文的“The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露)．”可知，本段主要講的是“對(duì)你自己的隱私要小心謹(jǐn)慎”，故選B項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)中的“private information”也與文中的“private information”相匹配。] 2．D　[根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Try to understand where its ing from，and why.”及空前的內(nèi)容可知，對(duì)謠言作出反應(yīng)前，弄清楚謠言很重要。所以如果你能的話，要弄清楚謠言的來源和起因，故D項(xiàng)符合語境。] 3．E　[根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空處上下文的內(nèi)容可知，空處講的應(yīng)是不要散播謠言相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故E項(xiàng)符合語境。] 4．F　[根據(jù)下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是報(bào)復(fù)的方法，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。] 5．G　[根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，如果以散布謠言的方式報(bào)復(fù)別人的話，你可能會(huì)在短期內(nèi)感覺良好，但是最后，這只會(huì)使得謠言繼續(xù)被散布，故G項(xiàng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步說明了這種報(bào)復(fù)方式的消極后果。]