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Unit 4 Helping people around the world 一、閱讀理解。 Oliver and the Seawigs by Philip Reeve Published by OUP Press ISBN: 978-0-192-73455-6 Oliver grew up in a family of explorers—but his biggest adventure is about to begin! Along with his new friends, Oliver goes off to look for his missing parents. I really like this book because it’s not one of those short stories that are over too quickly, but a longish book that takes time to read. I remend this book and give it 5 stars. Ginny, age 8 Lady Lydia: Read Me a Story by Anne Lavis Published by A H Stockwell ISBN: 978-0-722-34327-2 Lady Lydia is old and eccentric (古怪的), but she is never lonely. She shares her home with bats and mice and spiders, and all the animals round about are her friends too. My lovely daughter Alice likes all the pictures of the animals in this book, but she doesn’t like it when the pages have lots of writing on with no pictures. Alice rates this book 2 out of 5. Alice, age 4 I Am a Woolly Hat (EARLY READER) by Salma Koraytem Published by Orion Books ISBN: 978-1-444-00844-9 Early Readers are stepping stones from picture books to reading books. A blue Early Reader is perfect for sharing and reading together. This book makes my sweetheart Lucie feel lovely inside and the drawing are not as good because the colors are not bright like other books. Lucie rates this book 3 out of 5. Lucie, age 4 A Royal Fairytale by Ink Robin Published by Egmont ISBN: 978-1-405-26843-1 See Kate and Will’s romance develop from their studying days at Edinburgh through to their happy wedding at Buckingham Palace with the royal family, even the queen, in tow. My little angel Amy likes the book. The best parts are the wedding and fireworks as she likes fireworks and the colors on the page are really bright. Amy rates it 4 out of 5. Amy, age 4 1.Which book might an animal lover prefer? A. A Royal Fairytale. B. Oliver and the Seawigs. C. Lady Lydia: Read Me a Story. D. I Am a Woolly Hat (EARLY READER). 2.Who likes bright colors? A. Ginny and Alice. B. Lucie and Amy. C. Ginny and Amy. D. Alice and Lucie. 3.Whose book shows romance and happiness? A. Philip Reeve. B. Anne Lavis. C. Salma Koraytem. D. Ink Robin. 【文章大意】這篇文章為讀者推薦了一些書。 1.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Lady Lydia is old and eccentric (古怪的), but she is never lonely. She shares her home with bats and mice and spiders, and all the animals round about are her friends too.可知一位動物愛好者更喜歡閱讀Lady Lydia: Read Me a Story.選C。 3.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由See Kate and Will’s romance develop from their studying days at Edinburgh through to their happy wedding at Buckingham Palace with the royal family, even the queen, in tow.可知Ink Robin的書表現(xiàn)了快樂和浪漫，選D。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1.It is urgent that immediate measures _______ should be taken to stop the situation. A. are taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. should take 【答案】C 【解析】It is urgent that...(should) do...； “措施被采取”用被動語態(tài)。句意：很緊迫的是,應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展. 2.If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legal action. A. do nothing but to take B. have no alternative but take C. have no choice but to take D. have nothing to do but to take 【答案】B 【解析】have no alternative but to do=have no choice but to do sth.“ 除……外別無選擇” ，符合題意。句意：如果在本月底我們?nèi)晕词盏截浛睿覀儎e無選擇，只能采取法律行動。 3._______ the instant message servicer—WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday munication. A. In need of B. By means of C. In place of D. On behalf of 【答案】B 【解析】by means of “借助于”，符合句意。in need of 需要；in place of 代替，取代；on behalf of 代表。句意：借助于即時(shí)消息服務(wù)商——微信，我們可以和朋友們保持聯(lián)系，進(jìn)行日常交流。 4.China has made a _______ to do all she can to help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia. A. devotion B. mitment C. allowance D. bination 【答案】B 【解析】make a mitment 作出承諾；devotion 忠心，獻(xiàn)身；allowance 津貼，補(bǔ)助；bination 聯(lián)合。句意：中國作出承諾竭盡全力幫助亞洲受海嘯襲擊的地區(qū)。 5.The _______ hills around remind the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment. A. blank B. bare C. vacant D. empty 【答案】B 【解析】blank 空白的；bare 赤裸的，光禿的；vacant 空著的，未被占用的；empty 空的；沒人居住的。 句意：周圍光禿的山提醒村民們保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。 6.Sam began to do his homework without numerous _______ or a major search through his crowded backpack. A. occasions B. reminders C. rules D. suggestions 【答案】B 【解析】occasion 時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會；reminder 暗示，提醒；rule 規(guī)則；suggestion 建議。句意：不需要多提醒，也不用在塞滿東西的背包找半天作業(yè)本，薩姆就開始做起了作業(yè)。 7.For a temporary or long storage of the product, please make _______ to the storage section indications. A. difference B. conclusion C. reference D. decision 【答案】B 【解析】make (a) reference to 參閱，談到。句意：對于產(chǎn)品的臨時(shí)儲存和長期儲存，請參閱儲存說明。 8.To improve spoken English, Lucy _______ at least one hour each day to recite English texts. A. sets off B. sets aside C. sets down D. sets out 【答案】B 【解析】sets off 送行；sets aside 留出；sets down 寫下；sets out 開始。句意：為了提高英語口語，露西每天留出一小時(shí)的時(shí)間來背誦英語課文。 9.With the night falling, the crowd gathering around the accident scene began to _______. A. break up B. break down C. break out D. break away 【答案】A 【解析】句意：隨著夜幕降臨，聚集在事故現(xiàn)場的人群開始散去。break up 散(會)，解散，(人群)散開，破碎；break down 出毛病，失靈，分解，感情失控；break out 爆發(fā)；break away 逃脫。 10._______ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know. A. There used to B. That need not to C. There happened to D. There is no need to 【答案】A 【解析】There is no need to do 沒有必要做某事。句意：現(xiàn)在沒必要就給我答復(fù)。思考一下，然后告訴我。 11.Today acupuncture, the art of “magic needles”, has bee popular round the world, _______ have other traditional Chinese medicines. A. so B. as C. that D. which 【答案】B 【解析】as 表示像……一樣，引導(dǎo)定語從句。as 在從句中作主語，指代前面所說的內(nèi)容。句意：今天針灸已經(jīng)在世界上受到廣泛的歡迎，像其它中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)一樣。 12.Susan made _______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 【答案】C 【解析】本句中的 it 是一個形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的賓語從句 that she wished to make a new life for herself.句意：蘇珊向我說清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。英語中能夠作為形式賓語的只有 it。故C 正確。 13.She would be much healthier now _______ with that much pressure from work when young. A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdened C. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù) when young 可知，從句是對過去事實(shí)的假設(shè)，由 now 可知主句是對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)，而在if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，如果從句中含有 had、were 或者 should，可以將 if 省略，然后將 had、were 或者 should 提前，構(gòu)成虛擬語氣句的倒裝。句意：如果不是她年輕時(shí)工作壓力過大，她現(xiàn)在就會更加健康了。 14.If you had listened to me, we _______ at the party. Move over. I’ll drive. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 【答案】C 【解析】句意：要是當(dāng)初你聽我的，那么我們現(xiàn)在就在聚會現(xiàn)場了。你挪過去，我來開車。if 從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而本空表示與現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè)，說話人此時(shí)還在路上，因此用與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。 15.—Thank God! The accident was avoided after all. —That was lucky, but ten inches nearer the two cars _______? A. was destroyed B. would be destroyed C. would have been destroyed D. had been destroyed 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù) The accident was avoided after all.可知兩輛車被毀了是不真實(shí)的，這里的 ten inches nearer 是遺憾的虛擬條件， 相當(dāng)于： If they had been ten inches nearer， 因?yàn)槭菍^去的事情的虛擬， 用 would have done。句意：“謝天謝地，事故畢竟被避免了?！薄澳鞘呛苄疫\(yùn)的，但是再近 10 英寸，兩輛車就被毀了?！? 16.—I didn’t see you at the concert last week. What a pity! —If only I _______ the time. A. afford B. afforded C. had afforded D. would afford 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“很遺憾！上周的音樂會上沒有看到你?！薄叭绻页榈贸鰰r(shí)間就好了。”從第一句話看出答話者沒有去聽音樂會，根據(jù)答語可知，此處是對過去情況的虛擬，因此選 C。 17.I could have finished my self-reflection last weekend, but the math classes and exercises _______ all my spare time. A. take up B. had taken up C. took up D. had been taking up 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我本可以在上周末就完成反思整理工作的，但數(shù)學(xué)課和練習(xí)占據(jù)了我所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間。從句為含蓄條件句，but 構(gòu)成并列句，以真實(shí)的情況表示隱含的虛擬條件。 18.Without the leadership of our Party and our Government, we _______ these splendid results. A. haven’t achieved B. wouldn’t have achieved C. shouldn’t achieve D. would not achieve 【答案】B 【解析】本題是一個使用 without 的含蓄虛擬語氣句，根據(jù)句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，所以主句用would have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果沒有我們黨和政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，我們就不會取得這些輝煌的成就。 19.—What happened to the young trees we planted last week? —The trees _______ well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. must have grown C. would have grown D. would grow 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù) but 后的分句可知空格處為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，補(bǔ)全原句為：If I had watered them, the trees would have grown well， but I didnt water them.句意： “我們上周種的小樹怎么了？” “ (如果我澆水的話)那些樹會長得很好，但是我沒澆水。 ” 20.The young man insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ free. A. did, set B. had done, should be set C. do, be set D. had done, must be set 【答案】B 【解析】insist 后面跟從句，如果從句中的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)存在，謂語動詞就不能用虛擬語氣，如果從句中的動作沒有發(fā)生，謂語動詞就用虛擬語氣。句意：那個年輕人堅(jiān)持說她沒有做錯什么事，并堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該獲得釋放。 21.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, _______ themselves. A. expanding B. stretching C. prolonging D. extending 【答案】B 【解析】expand 擴(kuò)張，使膨脹，詳述；stretch 伸展，張開；stretch oneself 伸懶腰，伸展身體， prolong拖延，延長；extend 延伸，擴(kuò)大，伸出。句意：做完了上午的工作，職員們站在桌子后面伸懶腰。 22.Chinese laws say employees may not work more than 8 hours a day but permit work hours to be _______ in some cases, where employers must be sure the workers do not bee tired. A. expanded B. enlarged C. extended D. exploited 【答案】C 【解析】expand 擴(kuò)張；enlarge 擴(kuò)大，放大；extend 延長，伸展；exploit 開拓，剝削，開采。句意：中國法律規(guī)定員工每天工作時(shí)間可以不超過 8 小時(shí)，但是法律允許在某些情況下延長工作時(shí)間，在此類情況下雇主必須確保工人不會感到勞累。 三、完形填空。 One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__. Like many other parents，mine were hard to __2__ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd __3__.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__—but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees. In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__.We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “__8__”，and she called my parents __9__ to say she was ing for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into __10__，planning a big holiday turkey dinner. On the __11__ Sunday，we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house，Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there. When Christmas __16__，of course，we couldnt go to our parents house emptyhanded，so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century later，I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big，handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October. 1．A.distinctive　　　　B．fragrant C．expensive D．pretty 2．A.shop B．represent C．a(chǎn)nswer D．care 3．A.deserve B．a(chǎn)ppreciate C．a(chǎn)dvertise D．imagine 4．A.result B．number C．price D．express 5．A.afford B．expect C．fancy D．handle 6．A.frighten B．a(chǎn)ssist C．surprise D．reward 7．A.warmed B．froze C．softened D．darkened 8．A.trick B．purchase C．choice D．decoration 9．A.in advance B．in time C．by accident D．on purpose 10．A.service B．a(chǎn)ction C．effect D．production 11．A.regular B．separate C．given D．chosen 12．A.sorted B．loaded C．transported D．transplanted 13．A.dressed up B．passed off C．looked on D．started out 14．A.delighted B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．disappointed D．convinced 15．A.when B．how C．why D．whether 16．A.came around B．dropped out C．turned up D．drew in 17．A.generous B．a(chǎn)dditional C．double D．special 18．A.even B．just C．once D．still 19．A.farms B．trees C．trucks D．yards 20．A.congratulation B．gift C．donation D．greeting 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文為記敘文，涉及家庭關(guān)系話題。作者講述了自己和親人們一起用特別的方式給其父母帶來驚喜的經(jīng)歷。 1．D　上文提及父親想要在庭院種植一棵楓樹，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此處應(yīng)是母親也欣然同意，認(rèn)為楓樹很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“與眾不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。 2．A　根據(jù)上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下來介紹的作者兄弟姊妹幾人為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者覺得給父母買東西是很難的，故選shop“購物”。 3．B　根據(jù)上文的“Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard...”及下文介紹的為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者認(rèn)為這是一個給父母買他們欣賞的東西的好機(jī)會。deserve“值得，應(yīng)得”；appreciate“感激，欣賞”；advertise“為……做廣告”；imagine“想象”。 4．C　根據(jù)下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班時(shí)查看了一下楓樹的價(jià)格(price)，認(rèn)為它的價(jià)格比自己能支付得起(afford)的還要高一點(diǎn)。express“快遞”。 5．A　參見上題解析。 6．C　從下文作者聯(lián)合其姑姑來幫忙實(shí)施這個計(jì)劃以及計(jì)劃具體實(shí)施的內(nèi)容可知，作者他們想給父母一個驚喜(surprise)。assist“幫助，協(xié)助”。 7．B　根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他們決定在土地上凍之前讓父母度過一個特別的圣誕節(jié)。freeze“結(jié)冰”符合語境。soften“變軟，軟化”。 8．A　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者詢問姑姑是否可以幫忙實(shí)施這個“騙局(trick)”。 9．A　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)給作者的父母打電話說她會在周日來拜訪。in time“及時(shí)”；by accident“意外地”；on purpose“故意地”。 10．B　根據(jù)下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，隨后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行動起來。go into action“行動起來”符合語境。go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投產(chǎn)”。 11．D　根據(jù)語境可知，作者和親人們在選定的(chosen)那個周日聚到自己家里。regular“慣常的，有規(guī)律的”。 12．B　根據(jù)下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他們把樹裝上(loaded)卡車。transport“運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送”；transplant“移植”。 13．A　根據(jù)下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己裝扮(dressed up)成圣誕老人。pass sb./sth.off as“把……冒充為……”；look on sb./sth.as“把……當(dāng)做……”；start out as“以……開始，起初是……”。 14．D　根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父親一開始堅(jiān)信哪里出了問題。convinced“確信，堅(jiān)信”符合語境。 15．C　根據(jù)語境可知，當(dāng)我們告訴他們我們?yōu)槭裁?why)會在那里的時(shí)候，父母感到很吃驚。 16．A　根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)又到圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，作者他們?nèi)ヌ酵改?。e around“再次出現(xiàn)，再度發(fā)生”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出現(xiàn)”；draw in“(白天變得)漸短”。 17．C　根據(jù)上文的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas so we decided to...with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他們在十月份的時(shí)候已經(jīng)為父母送上了一份特別的圣誕節(jié)禮物，而在真正的圣誕節(jié)到來的時(shí)候，他們又不能空手去拜訪自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了雙份的(double)圣誕節(jié)禮物。additional“額外的”。 18．D　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，時(shí)隔幾乎半個世紀(jì)之后，當(dāng)作者看到那些高大、漂亮的楓樹(trees)時(shí)依然(still)會面帶微笑地駛過那個農(nóng)場。 19．B　參見上題解析。 20．B　作者看著那些楓樹時(shí)，會想起自己多年前在特別的圣誕節(jié)送給父母特別的禮物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是關(guān)鍵提示。donation“捐贈物”；greeting“問候”。 四、七選五。 Secret codes (密碼) keep messages private. Banks, panies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by puter. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 　 1 　Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 　 2 　For example, the first letters of ＂My elephant eats too many eels＂ spell out the hidden message ＂Meet me.＂ 　 3 　You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message ＂Meet me＂ would read ＂13 5 5 20 13 5.＂ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 　 4 　For example, ＂bridge＂ might stand for ＂meet＂ and ＂out＂ might stand for ＂me.＂ The message ＂Bridge out＂ would actually mean ＂Meet me.＂ 　 5 　However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了密碼的設(shè)置和破解的方法。比如利用該字母在字母表中排序的數(shù)字來代表該字母，或者利用一些單詞的首字母來組成一個密碼等。 1.D 【解題思路】根據(jù)后面一句＂Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making＂可知，此空該選D(只要有密碼的存在，人們就會試圖去破解它們)。 2.E 【解題思路】根據(jù)后一句的＂For example, the first letters of ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’＂可知，此空該選E(你可以拼寫每個單詞的第一個字母來隱藏信息)。 3.G 【解題思路】上一段介紹了第一種密碼類型，本段介紹的是第二種類型，再根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知，空處選G(另外一種隱藏信息的方式是用符號來代表字母表中的特定字母)。 4.F 【解題思路】由前一句的＂a code book＂和空后的＂’bridge’might stand for...’me.’＂可知，此空該選F(有了密碼書，你就可以寫下代表其他單詞的單詞)。 5.A 【解題思路】本段介紹的是密碼書，根據(jù)空后的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處該選A(沒有密碼書是很難破解密碼的)。