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Unit 3　A healthy life 【短文語法填空】 How would you use a radio or a telephone 1.　　　　　　 you had no electricity or batteries?These problems bothered British inventor Trevor Baylis.So in 1996 he 2.　　　　　　(invent) a wind-up(裝有發(fā)條的) radio which doesn’t need electricity or batteries.You wind it up 3.　　　　　　 hand.It plays for about an hour.Then you wind it up again. After three years,Baylis invented a mobile phone 4. is powered by shoes.The shoes contain a small battery that 5.　　　　　　　　　(power) when you walk.This battery is connected to a mobile phone.These two simple inventions can bring modern 6.　　　　　　　　　(municate) to all parts of the world. Baylis doesn’t have 7.　　　　　　　　　 university degree in engineering.In fact,he left high school before 8.(graduate).He just loves making things 9.　　　　　　　　　(help) people.He never knows when ideas will e to him.The idea for the mobile phone 10.(sudden) came to him in a dream. 答案1.if　2.invented　3.by　4.that/which　5.is powered 6.munications　7.a　8.graduating/graduation　9.to help　10.suddenly (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P143) 一．高考單詞→識記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①__abuse__ n．& vt.濫用；虐待 ②stress n．壓力；重音 vt.加壓力于；使緊張 __stressful__ adj.產(chǎn)生壓力的；緊張的 __stressed__ adj.焦慮不安的 ③__ban__ vt.& n．禁止；取締；禁令；譴責(zé) ④automatic adj.無意識的；自動的 __automatically__ adv.無意識地；自動地 ⑤mental adj.精神的；智力的__mentally__ adv.精神上；智力上 __physical__ (反義詞)身體的；肉體的 ⑥effect n．結(jié)果；效力 __effective__ adj.有效的 ⑦strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的 __strength__ n．力量 __strengthen__ vt.加強(qiáng)；變強(qiáng) ⑧__desperate__ adj.絕望的；拼命的 ⑨disappointed adj.失望的；沮喪的__disappointing__ adj.令人失望的 __disappoint__ vt.使失望；使掃興 __disappointment__ n．失望；沮喪 2．常考詞匯 ①tough adj.__困難的，強(qiáng)硬的__ ②abnormal adj.__畸形的，異常的__ ③addicted adj.__入了迷的；上了癮的__ addiction n．__沉溺；嗜好__ addictive adj.__使人上癮的__ addict vt.__使上癮__ n．__有癮的人__ ④accustom vt.__使習(xí)慣于__ accustomed adj.__慣常的；習(xí)慣了的__ ⑤survival n．__幸存__ ⑥prejudice n．__偏見；成見__ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to help promote fully __automatic__ (automatically) driving.(2017天津卷) 2．One idea is that sleep helps us __strengthen__ (strength) new memories.(2017北京卷) 3．In a word, the trip will be both __ relaxing__ (relax) and rewarding, which is bound to be a memorable experience for you.(2017北京卷) 4．The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be __desperate__ (desperately)．(2017天津卷) 5．This observation hints (暗示；線索) that __effective__ (effect) embryonic (胚胎的) learning (胎教) could signal neurological (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的) strengths of children to parents.(2017江蘇卷) 6．Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even __tougher__ (tough)．(2017浙江卷) 7．I had grown not only __physically__ (physical)，but also mentally in the past few years.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 8．If you feel __stressed__ (stress) by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(識別)those of greater and less importance.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) ?“結(jié)果，效果”家族 ①effect n．結(jié)果；效力，影響，作用 ②result n．結(jié)果，效果 ③oute n．結(jié)果 ④consequence n．結(jié)果，后果 ⑤impact n．影響，作用 ⑥influence n．影響，作用 ?后綴en構(gòu)成的必備動詞集錦 ①brighten 使發(fā)亮 ②deepen 使加深 ③frighten 使驚恐 ④loosen 放松 ⑤sharpen 削尖 ⑥soften 弄軟 ⑦shorten 縮短 ⑧strengthen 加強(qiáng) ⑨t(yī)hreaten 威脅 ⑩weaken 減弱 ?以able/ible為后綴的高頻單詞速記 ①acceptable adj.可接受的；受歡迎的 ②accessible adj.容易取得的；容易接近的 ③admirable adj.令人欽佩的；值得贊美的 ④available adj.可利用的；可得到的 ⑤fortable adj.舒適的；愜意的 ⑥fashionable adj.流行的；時髦的 ?courage 相關(guān)單詞一覽 ①courage n．　　　　 勇氣 ②encourage vt. 鼓勵 ③encouragement n. 鼓勵 ④encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的 ⑤discourage vt. 使泄氣 ⑥discouragement n. 泄氣；灰心 ?“able”家族 ①able adj.　　　　 能夠的 ②ability n. 能力 ③disabled adj. 傷殘的 ④disability n. 傷殘；無力 【完形填空】 Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasnt my __1__；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊)on which I __2__.I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was __4__ a good listener. At the end of the year，she __5__ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals.I could tell her __7__，and she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager. In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人), __9__ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote __10__ stories and always took my concerns __11__.She had given me a(n) __12__ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I __13__ to take her up on the __14__ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags __15__ ！You are wele anytime！” I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her __16__ of poetry，music，and creative writing __17__ me to follow these endeavors(努力)．One day __18__ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she __19__ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the __20__ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away. 1．A.mother　　　　　 　B．friend C．classmate D．teacher 2．A.served B．a(chǎn)dvised C．expected D．led 3．A.shared B．enjoyed C．imagined D．found 4．A.never B．just C．still D．a(chǎn)lso 5．A.knew B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．thought D．realized 6．A.addresses B．gifts C．views D．roles 7．A.many B．much C．everything D．something 8．A.in B．a(chǎn)s C．with D．to 9．A.so B．but C．or D．for 10．A.amusing B．different C．emotional D．ordinary 11．A.immediately B．carefully C．seriously D．privately 12．A.urgent B．lucky C．a(chǎn)mbiguous D．open 13．A.decided B．hesitated C．wrote D．hurried 14．A.offer B．promise C．excuse D．message 15．A.bought B．found C．filled D．packed 16．A.love B．dream C．sense D．feeling 17．A.persuaded B．encouraged C．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed 18．A.before B．once C．while D．a(chǎn)fter 19．A.looked over B．looked out C．looked up D．looked down 20．A.clouds B．flowers C．people D．houses 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者在中學(xué)期間和一名英語老師之間的故事。 【核心詞匯】adviser n．顧問　pen pal筆友　concern n．擔(dān)心的事，關(guān)切的事 1．D　根據(jù)上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊)”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老師(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。 2．A　根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項可知，作者當(dāng)時也在巡邏隊里。serve“為……工作”。 3．B　根據(jù)空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜歡(enjoyed)老師的幽默感和善良的品質(zhì)。 4．D　根據(jù)上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是對這位老師身份的補(bǔ)充說明。她也(also)是一個好的傾聽者。 5．B　根據(jù)語境可知，老師宣布(announced)了一個消息，她要搬到佛羅里達(dá)州了，作者感到很傷心。 6．A　根據(jù)上文中的“At the end of the year, she __5__ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老師互換了地址(addresses)，成了筆友。 7．C　根據(jù)上文中的“and became pen pals”與空后的“she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者與老師無話不談，這與上文作者樂于和老師相處的背景呼應(yīng)。故選C。 8．C　固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意為“以某種態(tài)度/方式對待某人”，符合語境，故選C。 9．B　根據(jù)空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B。 10．A　根據(jù)上文中的“I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老師很幽默，總是給作者講一些好笑的(amusing)故事。 11．C　take sb./sth.seriously為固定搭配，意為“認(rèn)真對待某人/某事”。老師認(rèn)真對待作者所關(guān)切的事情。 12．D　根據(jù)下文中的“You are wele anytime”可推知，老師歡迎作者隨時來訪，an open invitation為習(xí)語，意為“隨時可以來訪的邀請”，符合語境，故選D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱兩可的”。 13．C　根據(jù)上文中的“We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals”可推知，作者寫信(wrote)告訴老師，他接受她的提議(offer)。 14．A　參見上題解析。offer“提供，提議”。 15．D　因為作者要去看望老師，因此老師建議作者收拾行李(packed)，隨時歡迎作者的到來。 16．A　老師對詩歌、音樂和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的熱愛(love)激勵(encouraged)著作者去努力。 17．B　參見上題解析。 18．C　一天，當(dāng)老師正在把床單掛在曬衣繩上的時候，她抬頭看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“當(dāng)……時”。 19．C　參見上題解析。 20．A　根據(jù)上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并結(jié)合選項可知，當(dāng)時老師看了天空，此處指的應(yīng)是天上的云(clouds)。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識記思考運(yùn)用 1．動詞＋介詞/副詞 ①decide __on__ 對……作出決定 ②get __into__ 陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣) ③throw __away__ 扔掉 2．be＋形容詞＋to ①be addicted __to__ 對……有癮 ②be accustomed __to__ 習(xí)慣于…… ③be likedly __to__ 可能… 3．介詞＋名詞 __at__ risk 處境危險；遭受危險 4．其他形式 ①due __to__ 由于…… ②feel __like__ (doing) 想要(做)…… ③in spite __of__ 不顧；不管 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so __were__ more __likely__ to break the speed limit and be __at risk__ of getting fined.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 2．Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important.Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person __feel like__ part of the“in group.”(2016浙江卷) 3．We’re __accustomed to__ having one thing in our pocket to do all these things.(2013福建卷) 4．He unfortunately passed away last year __due to__ his cancer.(2015江蘇卷) 5．Some students __are addicted to__ playing puter games and some often cheat in the exams.(2015廣東卷) 6．“Have you __decided on__ a date for your wedding？”the girl’s mother asked. ?“be＋過去分詞＋to”必備短語一覽 ①be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于 ②be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于，專心于 ④be opposed to 反對，不贊成 ④be related to 與……有關(guān) ⑤be used to 習(xí)慣于 ⑥be reduced to (某人)淪落為 ⑦be limited to 限制于 ⑧be addicted to 對……有癮 ?get構(gòu)成的必備短語薈萃 ①get in touch with 與……取得聯(lián)系 ②get into the habit of 養(yǎng)成/染上……的習(xí)慣 ③get into a panic 陷入恐慌 ④get on 上車；穿上；進(jìn)步 ⑤get on/upon with 進(jìn)步；相處；在……方面獲得成功 ⑥get off 送走；脫下(衣服)；下車；動身 ?“因為，由于……”的多種表達(dá) ①due to　　　　 由于；因為 ②because of 由于；因為 ③owing to 由于；因為 ④thanks to 多虧；由于 ⑤as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果 ⑥on account of 由于 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically. 你知道，如果你反反復(fù)復(fù)地做同一件事，你就會自動地做它。 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 正如我們知道的，除了美味的水餃，敬老院的老人也需要溫暖和關(guān)愛。 __As we know__，besides tasty dumplings，what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care. 2.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. 我的確希望如此，因為我想讓你和我一樣活得健康長壽。 (1)“do＋動詞原形”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as...”結(jié)構(gòu)。 ①盡管戒煙對我父親很難，但最終他確實戒掉了。 It was very difficult for my father to quit smoking，but in the end he __did manage it__. ②事實上，戒掉一個壞習(xí)慣付出的努力與養(yǎng)成一個好習(xí)慣是一樣的。 As a matter of fact，getting rid of a bad habit is __as much an effort as__ forming a good one. 3.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. 只有當(dāng)疾病發(fā)展成艾滋病時，他才開始看上去有病。 It is...that...為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 正是當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院后我才意識到我把電影票忘在家里了。 __It was when I arrived at the cinema that__ I realized I had left my ticket at home. 【短文改錯】 With the development of science and technology，intelligent robots will be wide used in the future. At home，robots will help people do some housework and taking care of the elderly，babies and patients.In addition to these task，robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercise with people.In factories，robots will be used to perform some dangerous jobs avoid accidents. Robots will change our future life by many ways，what will make it more colorful and fortable.Therefore，we shouldnt depend on intelligent robots too much，for they were made to help humans rather than replace us.As helpers of we humans，robots should be used properly. 【答案】　 With the development of science and technology，intelligent robots will be used in the future. At home，robots will help people do some housework and care of the elderly，babies and p atients.In addition to these ，robots will even be able to play chess and do exercise with people.In factories，robots will be used to perform some dangerous jobs avoid accidents. Robots will change our future life many ways， will make it more colorful and fortable.，we shouldnt depend on intelligent robots too much，for they made to help humans rather than replace us.As helpers of humans，robots should be used properly. 第一處：wide→widely。考查副詞。修飾動詞，故用副詞。wide也可作副詞，意為“盡可能廣地”，不符合語境。 第二處：taking→take。考查固定用法。根據(jù)該句中的“help people do some housework and”可知，此處應(yīng)用原形；help sb.(to) do sth.為固定用法。 第三處：task→tasks?？疾槊~的數(shù)。task為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)該詞前的these可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第四處：刪除the。考查冠詞。play chess為固定用法，意為“下象棋”；棋類名詞前不用冠詞。 第五處：jobs后加to?？疾閯釉~不定式。在工廠里，機(jī)器人將被用于執(zhí)行危險任務(wù)，以避免事故。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用動詞不定式表目的。 第六處：by→in?？疾榻樵~。in many ways意為“在很多方面”。 第七處：what→which?？疾殛P(guān)系代詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，且先行詞為ways，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。 第八處：Therefore→However?？疾楦痹~。上句說，機(jī)器人將改變我們未來的生活，使我們的生活多彩而舒適；該句說，我們不能過度依賴智能機(jī)器人；據(jù)此可知，兩句間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However。 第九處：were→are?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。機(jī)器人是被用來幫助人類的，而不是來代替人類的。該句陳述的是客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。 第十處：we→us?？疾榇~。of后接賓語，故用賓格us。