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Unit 2 English around the world 一、閱讀理解。 (2018惠州高三調(diào)研)Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults. Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health. So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family ine and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression. And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did. Getting along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges. “Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.” 【解題導(dǎo)語】　研究表明，與朋友較少或者沒有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在長大后更健康。當然，與朋友相處也有壞處。 1．Where can you probably read this passage? A．Science fiction.　 　 B．Health column. C．Fashion magazine. D．Entertainment newspaper. B　解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹青少年時的友誼對青少年成年后健康的影響。據(jù)此可知，本文屬于健康知識類文章，故可判斷，本文可能選自“健康專欄”。故B項正確。 2．We can learn from Allen’s study that ． A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27 D．the teens who couldn’t express themselves grew up to be unhealthier D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults.”可知，青少年是否向他們的好朋友表達情感也會影響到其成年后的健康，那些壓抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D項正確。 3．According to what Allen said, we can know that ． A．in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowd B．though it’s challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give up C．teens will engage in smoking, drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，與朋友相處使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同時也會帶來不利影響，即周圍同齡人帶來的壓力，這些壓力會導(dǎo)致許多問題。分析Allen的話“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”可以判斷，青少年要應(yīng)對這些壓力，找到正確的平衡點是關(guān)鍵，不能因為很難找到平衡點就灰心喪氣。故選B。 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd. B．Close friendships are the most important for people’s health. C．Teen friendships may help teens bee healthier adults. D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，與朋友相處的青少年在成年后會更加健康。C項意為“青少年時期的友誼會幫助青少年成為更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。故C項正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．This tree looks tall and strong but ________ (actual) its trunk is hollow. 答案：actually　actually “事實上，實際上”。 2．Schools have rights to set down their own rules ________ (base) on the general conditions of the students. 答案：based　be based on “以……為基礎(chǔ)”，此處為過去分詞短語作定語，因此填based。 3．The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. 答案：gradually　此處修飾動詞短語get active in，故用副詞gradually “逐漸地”，在句中作狀語。 4．On seeing her new classmate, she came ________ and said with a smile, “Glad to meet you.” 答案：up　e up在本句中表示“走近”。 5．She was ________ worried than angry when her daughter didnt e home. 答案：more　more worried than angry “與其說是生氣不如說是擔心”。 6．Buses run ________ (frequent) from the city to the airport. 答案：frequently　此處修飾動詞run，因此要用副詞形式frequently。 7．The request is that manuscripts (手稿) ________ (write) on one side only. 答案：(should) be written　request在這里是名詞，作主語時，后面的表語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)使用“should＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，并且should可省略，此處表示被動意義，故填(should) be written。 8．Sometimes it looks like people with great selfcontrol arent working hard—but thats ________ theyve made it automatic. 答案：because　thats because ... “那是因為……”。 9．There is no such thing ________ darkness; only a failure to see. 答案：as　句意：沒有黑暗這種東西，只有看不見而已。There is no such ... as ... “沒有像……的……”。 10．From his ________ (express), I knew he didnt want me to ask this question. 答案：expression　由空前代詞his可知應(yīng)填名詞，expression “表情；表達”。 三、完形填空。 Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally __1__ and felt I was suddenly placed under __2__ of death with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)．After careful thought，I __3__ my affairs；then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later，I left my bed and __4__ the long climb back.It was another year __5__ I made it. I speak of this experience because these past years have __6__ me what to value and what to believe.I __7__ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蠣)to be opened but my __8__ to be grasped. Ive also learned that its necessary to __9__ those little，allimportant things I never thought I would __10__ before：the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree，the __11__ of sunlight on running water.I seem now，with some of the __12__ freshness of childhood，to hear and see.How well，__13__，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed.It was like __14__ ones citizenship in a world one had nearly lost. Frequently，I __15__ myself that I need make notes of this __16__.Im living in now，because in it Im well，__17__，doing what I like best.It wont always be like this，__18__ Ill make the most of it and be grateful.I __19__ all this to that long time spent in bed.Wiser people e to this __20__ without having to acquire it the hard way.But I wasnt wise enough.Im wiser now，a little，and happier. 1．A.confused　　　　　B．shocked C．determined D．a(chǎn)nnoyed 2．A.trial B．pressure C．sentence D．control 3．A.made up B．set up C．took up D．cleared up 4．A.recalled B．began C．a(chǎn)voided D．a(chǎn)ccepted 5．A.when B．a(chǎn)fter C．since D．before 6．A.assigned B．taught C．treated D．a(chǎn)ssured 7．A.admit B．demand C．expect D．realize 8．A.knowledge B．opportunity C．a(chǎn)ttention D．point 9．A.dismiss B．list C．define D．a(chǎn)ppreciate 10．A.notice B．record C．remember D．track 11．A.shadow B．shake C．play D．feeling 12．A.damaged B．recovered C．faded D．changed 13．A.in contrast B．in return C．for instance D．by chance 14．A.maintaining B．regaining C．discovering D．forgetting 15．A.remind B．promise C．a(chǎn)dvise D．convince 16．A.country B．moment C．memory D．inspiration 17．A.pleased B．courageous C．confident D．strong 18．A.meanwhile B．otherwise C．however D．therefore 19．A.apply B．owe C．contribute D．a(chǎn)dapt 20．A.awareness B．a(chǎn)greement C．ment D．promise 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一場重病讓作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的東西。因此他對自己當下所擁有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。 1．B　根據(jù)上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，當被告知自己的肺部出了問題且不得不立即放棄工作臥床休息時作者感到非常震驚(shocked)。confused“困惑的”； annoyed“惱怒的”。 2．C　作者突然覺得自己好像是被判了死緩一樣。根據(jù)語境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)”可知，此處應(yīng)選sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判處死刑”。 3．D　仔細思考之后，作者把手頭的事務(wù)處理掉，然后回家了。根據(jù)上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解決，清理”符合語境。make up“組成，編造”；set up“設(shè)立”；take up“開始從事，占據(jù)”。 4．B　兩年后，作者離開了病床，開始(began)了漫長的重回之前的生活狀態(tài)的“攀登”。recall“回憶起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。 5．D　過了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is＋一段時間＋before...是固定句型，意為“過了……才/就……”。 6．B　作者談及這段經(jīng)歷是因為那些過去的歲月教會(taught)了作者應(yīng)該珍惜什么，相信什么。assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使確信”。 7．D　現(xiàn)在作者意識到(realize)這個世界不是等待他去打開的牡蠣，而是需要他去抓住的機會。admit“承認”；expect“期待，期望”。 8．B　參見上題解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住機會”，是固定搭配。knowledge“知識”；attention“注意力”；point“觀點”。 9．D　作者也學(xué)會了欣賞(appreciate)那些不起眼的但卻很重要的東西，而作者之前從未想過自己會去注意這些東西。dismiss“不予理會，不予考慮”；list“列舉”； define“給……下定義，解釋”。 10. A　參見上題解析。notice“注意到”；record“記錄”；remember“記得”；track“跟蹤”。 11．C　根據(jù)上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem now…to hear and see”可知，此處指的應(yīng)是作者以前不會注意到的東西。play“輕快變幻的動作，閃爍”，the play of sunlight on water“陽光在水面上的閃爍”。 12．B　作者重新找回了童年時期看待事物的新鮮感。recovered“重新獲得的，重新找到的”，符合語境。 13．C　比如，回想起自己臥床兩年后重新踏上這片土地的感覺有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合語境。in contrast“相反”；in return“作為回報”；by chance“偶然地”。 14．B　這就像在一個差點失去的世界中重新獲得公民身份一樣。regain“重新得到”和下文的“l(fā)ost”相對應(yīng)。maintain“維持”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；forget“忘記”。 15．A　作者經(jīng)常提醒自己要記下這個自己現(xiàn)在生活的時刻，因為活在此刻，作者是健康且快樂的，而且能做自己最喜歡做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合語境。promise“許諾，允諾”；convince“使相信”。 16．B　參見上題解析。moment“時刻”；inspiration“靈感”。 17．A　參見第15題解析。pleased“快樂的，高興的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“堅強的”。下文中的“Im wiser now，a little，and happier”亦是提示。 18．D　它不會總是如這般存在，因此作者會充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，故用therefore。meanwhile“與此同時”；otherwise“否則”；however“然而”。 19．B　作者將這一切都歸功于他臥病在床的那段漫長時光。owe...to...“把……歸功于……”，是固定用法。 20．A　更有智慧的人無需被困到如此境地也能明白這些道理。awareness“意識，明白”符合語境。promise“妥協(xié)”。 四、單句改錯 1．Oil must be made full use to serve the people well. ________________________________________________________ 答案：use后加of　此處為make full use of ... 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)。 2．After 25 years, she has changed without recognition. ________________________________________________________ 答案：without→beyond　beyond recognition “難以認出”。 3．Try to tell what you think of Tom and of the way which the children treated him. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉which或which→that或which前加in　the way作先行詞，且在定語從句中作狀語時，其引導(dǎo)詞有三種形式：that/in which或省略。 4．Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because of she thought it was too hard. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉of　because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。because of后接名詞(短語)、代詞或賓語從句。 5．The manager gave his mand that measures were taken immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing. ________________________________________________________ 答案：were→be　that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，解釋說明mand的具體內(nèi)容，其從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)使用 “should＋動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，并且should可省略。 五、短文改錯 It is known that some students cheat in exams.It has three reason.First of all，there are so many exams. Beside，the exams given are difficulty in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of they are too lazy.The last reason is to please our parents and teachers.For some students，low marks brought them great pressure and make them depressing. In my opinion，cheating in exams are wrong.We should take active attitude to our studies，and try to get a mark what is true as well as good. 【答案】　 It is known that some students cheat in exams.It has three .First of all，there are so many exams.，the exams given are in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because they are too lazy.The last reason is to please parents and teachers.For some students，low marks them great pressure and make them . In my opinion，cheating in exams wrong.We should take active attitude to our studies，and try to get a mark is true as well as good. 第一處：reason→reasons?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)three可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第二處：Beside改為Besides。考查副詞。besides作副詞講時是“除此之外”的意思，而beside為介詞，意為“在……旁邊”。根據(jù)the exams前的逗號可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞，故將Beside改為Besides。 第三處：difficulty→difficult?？疾樾稳菰~。此處應(yīng)用形容詞difficult作are的表語，表示“困難的”。 第四處：刪除of?？疾檫B詞?！皌hey are too lazy”為一個完整的句子，其前應(yīng)該是一個連詞，故刪除介詞of。 第五處：our→their?？疾榇~。根據(jù)上文中的“they are too lazy”可知，此處應(yīng)該用their。 第六處：brought→bring?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。全文時態(tài)均為一般現(xiàn)在時，本句是對客觀事實的陳述且根據(jù)and后的make可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。 第七處：depressing→depressed?？疾樾稳菰~。此處depressed是分詞形容詞，作賓語補足語，賓語them指人。 第八處：are→is?？疾橹髦^一致。動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，故用is。 第九處：active前加an。考查冠詞。attitude是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且在讀音以元音音素開頭的形容詞active之前，故用an。 第十處：what→that/which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞a mark。