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第1練 名詞 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Unfortunately，deepworrybegantodestroymy(confident) gradually. 2．HearingofAlan’sdeath，Ithought，“Whatacomplete(fail)！” 3．It’sreallymy(please) tohavetoldyousomethingaboutthisoldcity. 4．Hepushedandpulledwithallhis(strong) tomovetheheavystone. 5．Portman’seducationalbackgroundhasinfluencedoneofher(project)． 6．Ihaveastrong(believe) thatonedaystudentscanbuythesetickets，too. 7．Girlsareluckierthanboys; theyhavemoreflexible(choose) thanboys. 8．TeaonlymadeitswaytoEnglandinlarge(quantity) inthefirstyearsofthe17thcentury. 9．Heasked(permit) tointroducehisfriend，whosenamewasMrWhite. 10．Andafter(graduate) in2018，shewenttotheUSAforfurthereducation. Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤) 11．AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouthAfricalastFriday，causingfourdeath. 12．Afterall，helpingpeopleinneedisagoodwaytoobtainjoyandhappy. 13．Beforelong，IcouldspeakEnglishwellandIalsomadegreatprogressesinmywrittenEnglish. 14．Wecouldn’tfindahotelbecausetherewerequitealotoftouristinthisoldcity. 15．Intherushhour，thereweresomanycarsandbusontheroad，soIwasstuck. 16．Intheend，shedecidedtoseethewisemaninthisvillagetoaskforsomeadvices. 17．Thegirltoldmethatshehadneverreadthefamouswriternovelbutshehadheardofthename. 18．Afterthatwe’llhavesomefunstogether，singing，dancingandplayinggames. 19．Afteratenminuteswalk，thesepeoplearrivedatthefamousvillage. 20．HegavemealltheencouragementsIneededtobeabletocarryon. 技法總結(jié) 在語法填空中 1．查看句子結(jié)構(gòu)。弄清所填的詞在句中充當(dāng)什么成分。如果充當(dāng)主語、賓語，必須用名詞或代詞形式；充當(dāng)表語、定語等則要認(rèn)真考慮。 2．查看修飾語。一是通過觀察空格前是否有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、動詞、介詞等分析所填詞是否是名詞；二是考慮固定短語或固定搭配。 3．確定名詞形式。根據(jù)提示詞考慮詞形變化，即名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式、所有格等。 在短文改錯中 短文改錯主要通過對句子結(jié)構(gòu)及修飾語的理解考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)或所有格。設(shè)題主要有三種形式： (1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)誤用單數(shù)形式； (2)不可數(shù)名詞誤用復(fù)數(shù)形式； (3復(fù)數(shù)形式錯誤。 為此，可從三方面入手： (1)查看名詞前的修飾語，確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式。若有超過1的基數(shù)詞：many，(a ) few，several，couple等修飾，后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2)查看謂語動詞的形式，確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式。若謂語動詞為are，were，have等，作主語的可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (3)查看名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，確定復(fù)數(shù)形式是否正確。特別注意不規(guī)則名詞的變化情況。 能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A (2018山東聊城一模) StrongestFemaleLiteraryCharactersofAllTime Therearesomeofhistory’smostinspiringandgreatestfemaleswhocanbefoundonthepagesofthesenovels. ElizabethBennet Called“Lizzie”or“Eliza”byherfamilyandfriends，ElizabethBennetisthestubbornandcleverheroinefromthe1813JaneAusten’snovelPrideandPrejudice.She’sthesecondeldestoffivedaughtersintheBennetfamilyand，liketherestofhersisters，sheisexpectedtomarryforstatusandmoney，notforlove.Toremaintruetoherself，shewouldratherremainsingle，aconceptthatwasunheardatthetime. NancyDrew Shefirstappearedinthe1930sbutremainsoneofthemosticonicfemalecharactersinallofliterature.CreatedbyEdwardStratemeyer，NancyDrewwasn’tsimplyaprettygirl.Instead，thebold，physicallystrong，andfiercelyintelligentNancyusedhersuperiorintelligence—notherlooks—tosolveaseriesofmysteries. JosephineMarch JoMarchisthesecondeldestdaughterintheMarchfamilyandisacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWomen，publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868.At15，sheisstrongwilled，confident，andliteraryandunlikehersisters，sheisoutspokenanduninterestedinmarriage.Jobothstruggleswithandchallengessociety’sexpectationsofhowwomeninthe19thcenturyshouldcarrythemselves，makingheroneofliterature’smostdaringfemalecharacters. HesterPrynne Recognizedbysomecriticsasoneofthemostimportantcharactersinfemaleliterature，HesterPrynneistheleadingcharacterinNathanielHawthorne’s1850novel，TheScarletLetter.Marriedbutseparatedbydistancefromherhusband，Hesterhasanaffairwithaministerandbecomespregnant. 21．WhywouldElizabethBennetratherremainsingle? A．Sheistoostubborn. B．Shedoesn’twanttocheatherself. C．Shedoesn’twanttomarryforlove. D．Sheistheeldestdaughterofthefamily. 22．WhatisNancyDrewlike? A．Kind. B．Outspoken. C．Clever. D．Proud. 23．WhocreatedJosephineMarch? A．JaneAusten. B．EdwardStratemeyer. C．LouisaMayAlcott. D．NathanielHawthorne. 24．Whatistherightorderofthetimethesefemalesappearedinnovels? a．ElizabethBennet b．NancyDrew c．JosephineMarch d．HesterPrynne A．dcab. B．a(chǎn)dbc. C．cdba. D．a(chǎn)dcb. B (2018百校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考) Dealingwithobesityisdifficult.Alotoffactorssuchasethnicity，genetics，lifestyle，andpersonalhabitsshouldbeconsideredinthemanagementofobesity.Obesity，ifnotproperlymanaged，canleadtoalotofhealthproblemsthatmaylaterevolveintolifethreateningdiseases. Themanagementofobesitymostlyfocusesonlifestylechanges.Reachingyourhealthyweightinvolvespropermanagementofyourdietandexercise.Theobesepersonmayseekthehelpofadietitianorapersonaltrainer. Therearealotofdietsthathavegainedpopularity.However，itisbestthatyouconsultyourdietitianonwhatisbestforyou.Furthermore，yourdietitianwouldconsideryourfoodpreferences.Ifyouarealittlelowinthebudget，takeintoconsiderationthecurrentdietaryrecommendationsthatarebasedonthefoodpyramid.ThisisresearchableontheInternet.Youcanusethisasaguideonhowmuchyouaresupposedtoeat. Exercisehasalotofbenefits.Itburnsthoseextracaloriesandpreventsdifferenthealthproblemsfromoccurring.Thus，exerciseisvitalifyouwishtoloseweight.Peopleareoftentoolazytoengageinexercise.However，therearenumerousalternativestotheusualexerciseroutine.Ifyouwantthingstobeplain，walkingorbikingisagoodexercise.Itisimportantthatyousticktoyourexerciseplansothatyouwouldachieveyourdesiredresults.However，youmustsetrealisticgoalssoasnottobedisappointed. Behavioralchangesarevitaltoconqueringobesity.Thosewhoengageincrashdietsaremostlyunsuccessfulinweightmanagementbecausetheydonothaveanybehavioralchange. Sedentarylifestylecontributestoweightgain.Perhapsaddingphysicalactivitytoyourschedulewouldhelpinweightmanagement.Physicalactivitycouldbeassimpleasdancingaroundthehouseorjustplainstrollingalongthemall. 25．Whyisobesityasevereproblem? A．Itmaythreatenyourlife. B．Itcaninfluenceyourwork. C．Itmaymakeyoulookunattractive. D．Itcanpreventyoufromplayingsports. 26．Whatshouldyoudoifyoudon’thavemuchmoney? A．Turntoanexpert. B．Refertoeatingadvice. C．Mainlyeatenergygivingfood. D．Seldomhavenutritiousfood. 27．Whyshouldyousetpracticalaims? A．Youwillneverfeeldisappointed. B．Theywillmakeyougoon. C．Youwillcarryoutsimplethings. D．Theywillmakeyoufeelrelaxed. 28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Sedentary”inthelastparagraphmean? A．Unhealthy. B．Overeating. C．Unchangeable. D．Inactive. Ⅳ.七選五 (2018湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考) Peopleoftensayyounevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression，andthat’sactuallyquitetrue.29Afterall，makingagoodfirstimpressionisallaboutmakingothersfeelgoodwhenspendingtimewiththem.Thefollowingtipswillhelpyoumakeapositiveimpressioneverytime. ?Dressappropriately 30Thatmeansdressinguporputtingonnice，clean，situationappropriateclothesforsocialsituations.Itisn’tdifficultanditdoesn’thavetocostyoumuch，either. ?Beawareofyourbodylanguage Wordsexpressverylittleofwhatyousay.Bodylanguagecantellsomeonealotaboutyourmoodandconfidencelevel.31Eyecontactisaneasywaytomakeothersfeelcomfortable，importantandspecial.Nervousbodylanguagecanmakeothersuncomfortableandanxious.Trytobeawareofyourbodylanguagewhencommunicatingwithothers. ?Respecttheopinionsofothers Noteveryonewillhavethesameopinionwithyou，andfriendlydisagreementscanbeagatewaytoagreatconversation.Respectotherpeople’srighttohavetheirownopinion.Respecttheopinionsofothersevenifyoudisagreewiththem.32 ?33 Peoplelovetalkingaboutthemselves，butgenerally，youwanttobecarefuloftakingovertheconversation.Bylisteningcarefullytowhatothersaresaying，youarenotonlymakingthemfeelimportant，butyoucangathercluesyouneedtokeeptheconversationgoingandbridgetonewtopics. A．Beacarefullistener B．Showaninterestineverypersonyoumeet. C．Smileespeciallywhenfirstmeetingsomeone. D．Makesureyoulooknicewheneveryoumeetsomeonenew. E．Meetingnewpeopleandstartingconversationsisoftenchallenging. F．Otherswillwanttobewithyouandhelpyoumakeagoodimpression. G．Don’tforceotherstobelievewhatyoubelieveortoseethingsonlyasyouseethem. 答案解析 Ⅰ.1.confidence　2.failure　3.pleasure　4.strength　5.projects　6.belief　7.choices　8.quantities　9.permission　10.graduation Ⅱ.11.AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouthAfricalastFriday，causingfour. 12．Afterall，helpingpeopleinneedisagoodwaytoobtainjoyand. 13．Beforelong，IcouldspeakEnglishwellandIalsomadegreatinmywrittenEnglish. 14．Wecouldn’tfindahotelbecausetherewerequitealotofinthisoldcity. 15．Intherushhour，thereweresomanycarsandontheroad，soIwasstuck. 16．Intheend，shedecidedtoseethewisemaninthisvillagetoaskforsome. 17．Thegirltoldmethatshehadneverreadthefamousnovelbutshehadheardofthename. 18．Afterthatwe’llhavesometogether，singing，dancingandplayinggames. 19．Afteratenwalk，thesepeoplearrivedatthefamousvillage. 20．HegavemealltheIneededtobeabletocarryon. Ⅲ. 21．B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Elizabeth Bennet中“To remain true to herself，she would rather remain single，a concept that was unheard at the time.”可知，伊麗莎白班納特不想為金錢和地位結(jié)婚，不想欺騙自己，所以她寧愿保持單身。故選B。] 22．C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Nancy Drew中的“Instead，the bold，physically strong，and fiercely intelligent Nancy used her superior intelligence—not her looks—to solve a series of mysteries.”可知，南茜朱爾勇敢、強(qiáng)壯且聰明，故選C。] 23．C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Josephine March中的“Jo March is the second eldest daughter in the March family and is a central focus in the novel LittleWomen，published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868.”可知，喬馬奇是露易莎梅奧爾科特在1868年出版的小說《小婦人》中的中心人物。故選C。] 24．D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，每個人物出現(xiàn)的時間排列順序為Elizabeth Bennet(1813)；Hester Prynne(1850)；Josephine March(1868)；Nancy Drew(1930s)，故選D。] 語篇解讀　肥胖會導(dǎo)致很多健康問題，甚至?xí){生命安全，所以它是一個值得認(rèn)真對待的問題。本文建議人們從幾個方面進(jìn)行肥胖問題的自我管理，包括飲食、鍛煉、行為習(xí)慣的改變和生活方式的選擇等。 25．A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Obesity，if not properly managed，can lead to a lot of health problems that may later evolve into lifethreatening diseases.”可知，肥胖會導(dǎo)致健康問題，甚至?xí)l(fā)展成為威脅生命安全的疾病。故選A。] 26．B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“If you are a little low in the budget，take into consideration the current dietary recommendations that are based on the food pyramid.This is researchable on the Internet.”可知，如果你預(yù)算緊張(資金不夠)，可以考慮基于食物金字塔的飲食推薦，那些都可以在網(wǎng)上搜到。故選B。] 27．B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“However，you must set realistic goals so as not to be disappointed.”可知，在鍛煉時，要設(shè)置合理的目標(biāo)，那樣就不至于失望，也就是說會有繼續(xù)堅持的動力。B選項They will make you go on(他們將會使你繼續(xù)堅持)符合語境，故選B。] 28．D　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain.”可知，這種生活方式會讓人長胖。再結(jié)合后文中的“Perhaps adding physical activity to your schedule would help in weight management.”可知，增加身體運動會有助于管理體重。說明前面那種生活方式就是“缺少身體鍛煉的，不活躍的”。D選項inactive表示“不活躍的，不積極的”。故選D。] Ⅳ. 語篇解讀　本文介紹了如何給人留下一個好的第一印象的四點建議。 29．E　[根據(jù)下文“After all，making a good first impression is all about making others feel good when spending time with them.”可知，遇到新的人開始對話總是有挑戰(zhàn)的，故選E。] 30．D　[根據(jù)小標(biāo)題和下文“That means dressing up or putting on nice，clean，situationappropriate clothes for social situations.”可知，出席社交場合要注意著裝的恰當(dāng)，所以D項(無論什么時候與新朋友見面，都要讓自己看上去很好)符合題意。] 31．C　[根據(jù)上文“Body language can tell someone a lot about your mood and confidence level.”可知本段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是身體語言所起的作用，觀察備選項可知，C項(第一次見面要微笑)符合題意。] 32．G　[根據(jù)上文“Respect the opinions of others even if you disagree with them.(即使你不同意，也要尊重別人的觀點)”可知G項(不要強(qiáng)迫別人相信你相信的，或者以你的角度看待事情。)符合題意。] 33．A　[根據(jù)下文“By listening carefully to what others are saying，you are not only making them feel important，but you can gather clues you need to keep the conversation going and bridge to new topics.”可知，本段說的是“傾聽”的重要性，故選A項(做一個仔細(xì)的傾聽者)。]