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第5練 形容詞和副詞 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingthere，andsomeofthemlookedanxiousand(disappoint)． 2．Thearticlesareintendedforyoungerreaders，butadultswillfindthissite(suit) forthemaswell. 3．Almostallthefableshewrotearehumorousand(entertain)，appealingtopeopleofallages. 4．Doctorsuseittolearnmoreaboutunfamiliardiseasesandthe(late) medicaldevelopment. 5．Theboystoodupandacceptedtheprize，(surprise) butveryhappy. 6．Asthelastnamebecame(wide) accepted，thefirstletterwascapitalized. 7．Youhaven’tchangedatall—youstilllook(exact) thesameasbefore. 8．Thewomansmiledandnoddedtome，expressingherthanks(sincere) againandagain. 9．Factorieshavebecomecleaneras(strict) environmentpollutionlawshavebeenintroduced. 10．Sohismother，whowas(will) topayforhiseducation，broughthimhometolookafterthesheep. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 11．Iwasinthekitchenwithmychildrenwhenweheardanoise.Afewminuteslate，ourhousefelldown. 12．Inaddition，theInternetmakessurveyingandvotingeasyandconvenience，regardlessoftimeandspace. 13．Unlucky，ayearlater，shehadtogiveupherjobandreturntohercountrywithherparents. 14．Forthesereasons，thegovernmentshouldtakeeffectivelymeasurestocallforwastesorting. 15．Itremindsmeoftheoldmanwhodidn’trealwanttomakemoneybypainting. 16．Sheisverysopopularintheschoolthatmanyteachersalsoliketointeractwithher. 17．HisgentlevoicedidwondersandIdecidedtostudyharderandcompletemygraduationearly. 18．IknowasanexcellentguideIshouldmakeyourjourneyinterestingandmeaningless. 19．Havinglearnedthiscoursefortwomonths，Ifounditveryinterested. 20．Ithoughtitalittlecomfortableforyoutoanswermewithoutsomanybooksinyourarms. 技法總結(jié) 在語法填空中 1．根據(jù)句子意思判斷空格處要填的詞在句子中作什么成分。 下列情況常填形容詞：(1)用來修飾名詞；(2)位于系動(dòng)詞后作表語；(3)作賓補(bǔ)；(4)表示主語的狀態(tài)。 如果用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，則填副詞。 2．如果空格后有表示比較的提示詞than，則填形容詞或副詞的比較級；如果有表示比較范圍的in/of短語、定語從句，則填形容詞或副詞的最高級。另外，還要注意使用比較級的固定句式，如“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”等。 在短文改錯(cuò)中 常考查形容詞和副詞的誤用。 1．作表語時(shí)除了地點(diǎn)副詞外均用形容詞；作定語時(shí)，若前置則用形容詞，如果后置則可能用地點(diǎn)副詞或形容詞短語；作狀語時(shí)除了有少數(shù)幾個(gè)能表示主語情況的形容詞外，一般用副詞。 2．如果有“in＋范圍”或“of＋范圍”來限定范圍，要用最高級形式。 3．注意一些固定句型。如the＋比較級，the＋比較級； can’t....more...等。 4．注意一些習(xí)慣用法，確定形容詞或副詞的形式。如what’s more/worse，sooner or later等。 能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A (2018遼寧沈陽質(zhì)監(jiān)) Myfavoritebook，TheSecretbyRhondaByrne，talksaboutaformulacalled“SFF”whichstandsfor“stoppingfindingfaults”．Iusedtobeacriticalpersonandtriedtofindfaults.IguessIsomehowinheritedthischaracterfrommyfather.Actuallymanygoodqualitiesofmyfatherareworthadmiringexceptthis. Myfatheristhepersonwhoconstantlylooksformistakesinotherpeopleandhethinksnooneisperfectintheworld.Hischaractercreatedanegativeatmosphereinmyfamily.Iwasthesameasmyfather，soIoftenfeltangry，disappointed，depressed，andlonelyinschool. AfterIhadreadmyfavoritebookIbegantoseek“goodthings”inotherpeople.Ithascompletelyalteredmylife.NowIfeelhappier，Ihavemorefriends，Ihavemoretrustinpeople，andIrealizeeveryonehastheirownstrength! AnotherimportantlessonIgotfromthisbookisthatIshouldalwaysbehavemyselfinapositivemanner.Let’sadmitthatwesometimescomplainaboutoursituation.That’snotgood.“Believeitornot，peopledon’tliketolistentonegativeopinions.” OnemorevaluablelessonIgotfromthebookisthatIshouldbeagoodlistener.WhenIwasyounger，IonlywantedpeopletopaywholeattentiontomywordssothatIcouldshowthemhowimportantIwas.Iwasveryproudandwouldshowoffmyachievementsinschoolwithoutconsideringothers’feeling.Ihadveryfewfriendsandmostpeopleconsideredmeasan“arrogant”person.Now，Ifinditmucheasiertomakefriendsaftermakingsomechanges! 21．WhydoestheauthorlikethebookTheSecret? A．Becausehe’sfoundthesecretofsuccessfromit. B．Becausethebookuncoversthesecretsofhappiness. C．Becausehe’slearnthisfather’scharactersfromit. D．Becauseithelpshimchangehisattitudetowardslife. 22．Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor’sfather? A．Hemakeshissonfeelangryanddisappointed. B．Helikesfindingfaultswithpeoplearoundhim. C．Heseemsacriticalpersonbutinfacteasygoing. D．Hecancreateanegativeatmospherewhennecessary. 23．Theunderlinedword“arrogant”probablymeans“”． A．selfimportant B．a(chǎn)dmirable C．troublesome D．coldblooded 24．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext? A．Topersuadereaderstobegoodlisteners. B．Tosharehispainfulchangingexperience. C．Totellreaderstheinfluenceofabookonhim. D．Toshowtheresultofhisfather’snegativecharacter. B (2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模) Theresearcherssayapersonlosestwomonthsforeverykilogramoverweighttheyare—andsevenyearsforsmokingapacketofcigarettesaday. Unusually，theEdinburghUniversityteamfoundtheiranswersbyanalysingdifferencesinpeople’sgeneticcodeorDNA.Finallytheythinkitwillshownewwaysofhelpingustolivelonger. Thegroupusedthegeneticcodeofmorethan600,000peoplewhoaretakingpartinanaturalexperiment.Ifsomeonesmokes，drinks，dropsoutofschoolandisoverweight，itcanbedifficulttoidentifytheimpactofonespecificunhealthybehavior. Instead，theresearchersturnedtothenaturalexperiment.Somepeoplecarrymutations(變異) intheirDNAthatincreaseappetite(食欲) ormakethemmorelikelytoputonweight，soresearcherswereabletocomparethoseprogrammedtoeatmorewiththosewhowerenot.TheresearchteamalsofoundspecificmutationsinhumanDNAthatalterlifespan(壽命)． ?Mutationsinagene(asetofinstructionsinDNA) thatisinvolvedinrunningtheimmunesystemcouldaddsevenmonthsoflifeonaverage. ?Peoplewithamutationthatincreasedlevelsofbadcholesterolknockedeightmonthsofflifespan. ?Araremutationinagene—APOE—linkedtodementiareducedlifespanby11months. ?Andonethatmadesmokingmoreappealingcutlivesbyfivemonths. DrJoshisaysthatwhilegenesdoinfluencelifespan，“you’vegotevenmoreinfluence”throughthechoicesyoumake.DrJoshisaid，“Wehopetodiscovergenesaffectinglifespantogiveusnewinformationaboutageingandconstructtreatmentforageing.” Therearealsosomediseasemutationsthatclearlyaffectlifespanandtodestructiveeffect，suchastheHuntington’sgene.PeoplewithHuntington’softendieintheir20s. However，inordertofollowpeopleuntiltheendoftheirlives，manyofthepeoplestudiedwerebornbefore1940. 25．Whatisthemostdifficultfortheresearcherstofind? A．Thedifferencesinpeople’sgeneticcode. B．Thereasonswhypeopleputonweightveryeasily. C．Theresultsofmanynaturalandmassiveexperiments. D．Onebadbehaviour’seffectonpeoplewithmanybadbehaviours. 26．Whichofthefollowingmutationsaffectslifespanmostgreatly? A．Onelinkedtocontrollingimmunesystem. B．Oneincreasingunhealthycholesterol. C．OnecalledAPOEinvolvedindementia. D．Onemakingsmokingmoreattractive. 27．What’sthemeaningofDrJoshi’sstudy? A．Tohelpstopmutations. B．Tofinddiseasesearlier. C．Tomakepeoplelivelonger. D．Toreducetheeffectsofgenes. 28．Whydidresearchersmainlystudypeoplebornbefore1940? A．Tofollowthemuntiltheydie. B．Toeducatethemanextrayear. C．Toshowtheyaremoreimportant. D．Tomakethemlivehappier. Ⅳ.完形填空 Iwentwithsomecolleaguesfrommyofficeforadinnerinaverypopularlocalrestaurant.Itwas29businesstimeandtherestaurantwaspacked.We30foundatableinacornerforthreeofus. Assoonaswesatdown，weheardacrashwhenacleaningboy31thefloorwithalltheplateshewascarrying.Therewas32andnoonewassayingordoinganything. InaflashIrememberedmy33manyyearsago.Once，I34intheairportbecauseIhadrushedthereonmyownonanemptystomach.Iwaspickedupandtakencareofbytwo35.Nowthiswasmychanceto36itforward. Irantotheyoungman’ssideimmediately，turnedhimonhisbackandscreamedforsomeoneto37ahotdrink.SoonpeoplestartedaskingifIwasadoctor.IsaidIwasnot，38Iwasskillfulatblackingout(暈厥)． Thekidsoonopenedhiseyes，39whathadhappened.I40himbysayingitwasOKandIhadhada41experience.Hehadnoteatenanything.Iheldthe 29．A.peak B．local C．spare D．regular 30．A.actually B．finally C．eagerly D．gradually 31．A.kicked B．touched C．hit D．swept 32．A.silence B．danger C．doubt D．tension 33．A.adventure B．flight C．experience D．lesson 34．A.showedup B．walkedaround C．settleddown D．passedout 35．A.friends B．strangers C．colleagues D．relatives 36．A.pay B．return C．take D．put 37．A.order B．buy C．serve D．bring 38．A.and B．so C．because D．but 39．A.knowing B．wondering C．ignoring D．a(chǎn)rguing 40．A.reminded B．comforted C．a(chǎn)nswered D．encouraged 41．A.memorable B．personal C．similar D．common 42drinktohismouthtillhefinisheditandsatwithhimtillhefeltOK.Bythenthe43hadarrived.Iaskedhertogivethekidsomethingtoeat.Iofferedtopay. Themanagerwaskindenoughtorefusethe44andagreedtomakesurethekidatebeforehewenthome.Bythetimeallthiswas45itwasgettinglateformycolleagues.Wehadn’t46anythingyet，sotheydecidedtogohome. Islowlywalkedhome，nothungryanymore，feeling47fortheopportunityIpayforwardthe48Ihadreceivedmanyyearsago. 42．A.cool B．refreshing C．sweet D．warm 43．A.customer B．manager C．waitress D．doctor 44．A.payment B．reward C．suggestion D．support 45．A.up B．a(chǎn)way C．over D．behind 46．A.prepared B．demanded C．received D．ordered 47．A.ready B．a(chǎn)nxious C．grateful D．comfortable 48．A.kindness B．honor C．inspiration D．service 答案解析 Ⅰ.1.disappointed　2.suitable　3.entertaining　4.latest5．surprised　6.widely　7.exactly　8.sincerely　9.stricter　10.unwilling Ⅱ.11.Iwasinthekitchenwithmychildrenwhenweheardanoise.Afewminutes，ourhousefelldown. 12．Inaddition，theInternetmakessurveyingandvotingeasyand，regardlessoftimeandspace. 13.，ayearlater，shehadtogiveupherjobandreturntohercountrywithherparents. 14．Forthesereasons，thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestocallforwastesorting. 15．Itremindsmeoftheoldmanwhodidn’twanttomakemoneybypainting. 16．Sheisverysopopularintheschoolthatmanyteachersalsoliketointeractwithher. 17．HisgentlevoicedidwondersandIdecidedtostudyharderandcompletemygraduation. 18．IknowasanexcellentguideIshouldmakeyourjourneyinterestingand. 19．Havinglearnedthiscoursefortwomonths，Ifounditvery. 20．Ithoughtitalittlecomfortableforyoutoanswermewithoutsomanybooksinyourarms. Ⅲ. 語篇解讀　作者原來是一個(gè)愛挑剔的、自以為是的人，但讀了《秘密》這本書后，改變了很多。 21．D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“After I had read my favorite book I began to seek ‘good things’ in other people.It has completely altered my life.Now I feel happier，I have more friends，I have more trust in people，and I realize everyone has their own strength！”可知，作者讀了這本書之后，對待生活的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，所以D正確。] 22．B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“My father is the person who constantly looks for mistakes in other people and he thinks no one is perfect in the world.”可知，作者的父親喜歡挑別人的毛病。] 23．A　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I was very proud and would show off my achievements in school without considering others’ feeling.”可知，作者驕傲自大，從不考慮別人的感受，這就是作者朋友很少的原因。故選A項(xiàng)。] 24．C　[寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，作者因?yàn)樽x了一本書，由原來的自以為是、愛挑毛病，變得積極樂觀友好，所以本文是為了介紹書對作者的影響。故選C。] 25．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“If someone smokes，drinks，drops out of school and is overweight，it can be difficult to identify the impact of one specific unhealthy behavior.”可知，很難確定某種特定的不良行為對有著許多不良行為的人產(chǎn)生的影響。故選D。] 26．C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A rare mutation in a gene—APOE—linked to dementia reduced lifespan by 11 months.”可知，一種叫做APOE的基因?qū)勖挠绊懽畲蟆９蔬xC。] 27．C　[目的意圖題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“We hope to discover genes affecting lifespan to give us new information about ageing and construct treatment for ageing.”可知，Joshi博士研究的目的是為了讓人們更長壽。故選C。] 28．A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“However，in order to follow people until the end of their lives，many of the people studied were born before 1940.”可知，研究人員主要研究1940年前出生的人是為了追蹤他們直到他們?nèi)ナ?。故選A。] Ⅳ. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。作者和朋友去餐廳吃飯，突然打掃衛(wèi)生的男孩摔倒在地，作者立刻提供幫助。因?yàn)橹白髡邥灥沟臅r(shí)候，也有陌生人提供了幫助。所以作者想把這份善良傳遞下去。 29．A　[peak高峰的；local當(dāng)?shù)氐?；spare空閑的；regular有規(guī)律的。根據(jù)后半句可知餐廳里非常擁擠，說明是用餐的高峰期。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 30．B　[actually實(shí)際上；finally最終；eagerly急切地；gradually逐漸地。句意為：我們?nèi)齻€(gè)最終在角落里找到了一張桌子。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 31．C　[kick踢；touch觸摸；hit撞擊；sweep清掃。根據(jù)下文的描述可知，男孩倒在地上了，所以此處應(yīng)該是“撞擊地面”，故C項(xiàng)正確。] 32．A　[silence安靜；danger危險(xiǎn)；doubt懷疑；tension緊張。由后半句“no one was saying or doing anything”可知，此時(shí)一片寂靜，故A項(xiàng)正確。] 33．C　[adventure探險(xiǎn)；flight航班；experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷；lesson教訓(xùn)?？吹竭@一幕，作者突然想起了很多年前的一次經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)下文描述可知，作者以前也暈倒過。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 34．D　[show up出現(xiàn)；walk around四處走動(dòng)；settle down定居；pass out昏迷。根據(jù)下文可知作者餓著肚子匆忙前往機(jī)場，昏迷后受到陌生人的幫助。故D項(xiàng)符合語境。] 35．B　[friend朋友；stranger陌生人；colleague同事；relative親戚。這次作者想幫助這位陌生的打掃衛(wèi)生的男孩，是因?yàn)橹白髡呤艿侥吧说膸椭?，想把這份善良傳遞下去。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 36．A　[pay償還；return返回；take帶走；put放置。作者想償還別人給他的幫助。文章最后一句中的pay forward也是提示。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 37．D　[order命令，點(diǎn)(餐)，訂購；buy購買；serve服務(wù)；bring帶來，拿來。此處指大聲叫著讓人拿杯熱飲來。bring表示從遠(yuǎn)處把物品拿到近處。故D正確。] 38．D　[句意為：我說我不是醫(yī)生，但是在處理暈厥方面我很擅長。前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)正確。] 39．B　[know知道；wonder想知道；ignore忽視；argue爭論。句意為：男孩睜開眼睛，想知道發(fā)生了什么事情。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 40．B　[remind提醒；comfort安慰；answer回答；encourage鼓勵(lì)。句意為：我安慰他說沒什么問題，我也有過類似的經(jīng)歷。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 41．C　[memorable難忘的；personal私人的；similar類似的；common普通的，常見的。參考上題解析。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 42．D　[上文提到作者叫人拿來一杯熱飲，故此處應(yīng)為warm drink。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 43．B　[根據(jù)下文“The manager was kind enough to...”可知，餐廳的經(jīng)理過來處理這件事情了。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 44．A　[payment付款；reward報(bào)酬；suggestion建議；support支持。由上文中的“I offered to pay.”可知，作者主動(dòng)提出付錢，但經(jīng)理拒絕了。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 45．C　[作者處理好這一切以后，時(shí)間已經(jīng)很晚了。be over結(jié)束。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 46．D　[prepare準(zhǔn)備；demand要求；receive收到；order點(diǎn)(餐)，訂購，命令。根據(jù)后半句“我們決定回家”可知，作者和同事并沒有在餐廳里點(diǎn)餐。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 47．C　[ready準(zhǔn)備好的；anxious焦慮的；grateful感激的；comfortable舒服的。對于有這樣幫助他人的機(jī)會，作者心懷感激之情。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 48．A　[kindness善良；honor榮耀；inspiration靈感；service服務(wù)。根據(jù)上文可知作者暈倒的時(shí)候也得到別人的幫助，現(xiàn)在我有機(jī)會幫助他人，把這份善良傳遞下去。故A項(xiàng)正確。]