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必修五 Unit 2 The environment 檢測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)A卷 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(2019無錫模擬)—Where is Jimmy? —Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, ________ in his video games. A．a(chǎn)bsorbed B．a(chǎn)bsorbing C．to absorb D．a(chǎn)bsorb 解析：選A　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：“Jimmy在哪兒？”“我剛才看見他坐在樹下，沉醉于視頻游戲。”be absorbed in“專心于，沉醉于”，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故選A項(xiàng)。 2．This policy, which used to be very successful, is a ________， though it no longer meets the needs of the current situation. A．sacred cow B．Pandoras box C．Mickey Mouse course D．good Samaritan 解析：選A　句意：這項(xiàng)過去非常成功的政策，盡管不再適應(yīng)現(xiàn)狀的需求，但仍然是不可動(dòng)搖的。sacred cow“圣牛(印度教等的)；不可批評(píng)的人(思想或事物)”；Pandoras box“潘多拉盒子；災(zāi)難之源”；Mickey Mouse course“容易的課程”；good Samaritan“心地慈善的人，樂善好施的人”。 3．The new bridge under construction, ________ twice as long as the old one, is due to be pleted next month. A．measures B．measuring C．measured D．to measure 解析：選B　句意：正在建造的新橋下月將竣工，其長(zhǎng)度是舊橋的兩倍。measure為不及物動(dòng)詞，故用現(xiàn)在分詞measuring作定語(yǔ)，修飾bridge。 4．Teachers remend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A．mustnt allow B．do not allow C．not allow D．couldnt allow 解析：選C　句意：老師建議父母出于安全考慮不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車去上學(xué)。remend后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。 5．This picture was taken twenty years ago.I wonder if you can ________ my younger brother. A．find out B．pick out C．look out D．speak out 解析：選B　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這張照片是20年前照的，我不知道你能否認(rèn)出我弟弟。find out“查明；弄清(情況)”；pick out“辨別出；認(rèn)出來”；look out“當(dāng)心；留神”；speak out“公開地說出來(尤指冒險(xiǎn)表示抗議)”。B項(xiàng)符合句意。 6．(2019江蘇高考考前沖刺)This is the Human Resources Department, ________ you made a good impression in your interview. Otherwise, you ________ be here now. A．which; arent B．where; wouldnt C．that; wouldnt D．in which; wont 解析：選B　第一空格前有逗號(hào)，是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能用that，排除C項(xiàng)；從句不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，排除A項(xiàng)；先行詞指的是地點(diǎn)，in which在此相當(dāng)于where；由otherwise可知，第二空是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故用wouldnt。 7．Not ________ with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them. A．to impress B．impressing C．having impressed D．impressed 解析：選D　句意：對(duì)你們產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量印象不佳，我當(dāng)然不會(huì)建議其他人購(gòu)買。impress sb.with sth.表示“某物給某人留下深刻印象”，I與impress之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 8．—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water ________. A．have polluted B．is being polluted C．has been polluted D．have been polluted 解析：選D　答句句意：因?yàn)榇罅康乃急晃廴玖?。large quantities of后接名詞，無論可數(shù)不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞皆為復(fù)數(shù)。water和pollute之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以選D。 9．—Dont worry. I am sure the doctor will be here in time. —But what if he ________？ Its going to rain and its getting dark. A．wont e B．doesnt e C．isnt ing D．wouldnt e 解析：選B　what if引導(dǎo)的是條件句，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句中，條件句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來時(shí)。 10．When Jason failed to pay his bill, the network pany ________ his Internet connection. A．cut off B．cut back C．cut short D．cut down 解析：選A　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：詹森沒有繳費(fèi)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司切斷了他的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接。cut off“切斷”，符合句意。cut back“削減”；cut short“縮短”；cut down“削減；砍倒”。 11．—Dad, why is it important to have friends? —Whenever you have difficulties, friends are always there lending you their hands. —________. A．No problem B．Got it C．All right D．Good idea 解析：選B　句意：“爸爸，為什么有朋友很重要呢？”“無論什么時(shí)候你有困難，朋友總是在那兒向你提供幫助?！薄拔颐靼琢??！备鶕?jù)句意可知，應(yīng)填got it表示“明白了，懂了”。 no problem“沒問題”；all right“好吧”；good idea“好主意”。 12．Smiling, more often than not, is a good way to avoid any possible ________ in our daily life. A．explanation B．debate C．fault D．conflict 解析：選D　句意：在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪校⑿νǔＪ且环N能避免任何可能的沖突的好方式。explanation“解釋”；debate“辯論”；fault“錯(cuò)誤”；conflict“沖突”。由句意可知選D。 13．(2019蘇北四市模擬)So large is the Pacific，________ 30% of the earths surface, that the energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes. A．covered B．covering C．having covered D．being covered 解析：選B　現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其與句子主語(yǔ)the Pacific之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 14．According to the report, people in the ________ areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads ________ to the area have been repaired. A．flooded; lead B．flooding; leading C．flooding; to lead D．flooded; leading 解析：選D　句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，洪災(zāi)區(qū)的人們正在重建他們的家園，并且很多通往災(zāi)區(qū)的路也已經(jīng)修好了。flooded意為“被水淹的”；many roads和lead之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用leading。 15．(2019江蘇常熟高三質(zhì)檢)There are now signs, following the decline in house prices in many small and mediumsized cities, ________ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide. A．that B．where C．which D．what 解析：選A　句意：現(xiàn)在有跡象表明，隨著許多中小城市房?jī)r(jià)下跌，各大城市的房?jī)r(jià)也可能出現(xiàn)下滑。同位語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是signs(跡象)，從句中不缺少任何成分，所以用連接詞that引導(dǎo)該同位語(yǔ)從句，故選A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2020屆高三鎮(zhèn)江期末考試) A Letter from Earth Dear Homo Sapiens， As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars, __1__ that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts, I wanted to remind you that I am sick.Im frightened that __2__ I cant soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need, my illness will bee terminal __3__ all cures. So, I am asking for your help! Geologists (地質(zhì)學(xué)家) __4__ that I have been in __5__ for 4.5 billion years.Current estimates show that I have given a home to approximately 8.7 million different __6__.Currently over 7.4 billion of my inhabitants (居民) are one species __7__， you, or Homo Sapiens to be more precise.In millennia gone by, we lived in __8__ with one another.Your ancestors would take only what they needed from me and in return nurture and protect my fragile environment. Like a proud parent, I have watched in wonder as you __9__ in abilities and intellect.You have travelled to outer space, developed medical cures for the most troublesome illnesses, built great cities and __10__ technology ... But at what cost? Did I do something to __11__ you? Was there a point in our mutual (相互的) history where you __12__ that we were no longer equals? Am I only now a modity to you? Why would you pollute my rivers and oceans? Why would you __13__ poisonous smokes into our environment, causing me to __14__？ Surely you would not do this intentionally; it would make no __15__. I dont wish to believe that you have bee increasingly __16__.I would like to think that you have __17__ lost your way, __18__ other species have before you.I have faith that like a __19__ teenager, you just need the opportunity to return home and visit for a while.Many of you have begun to recycle the waste you consume and look at __20__ methods of renewable energy. If you are not one of these people yet, then I would encourage you to be mindful of me. Your friend, always Earth 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是地球?qū)懡o人類的一封信。在信中，地球回憶了與人類和諧相處的歷史，訴說了人類對(duì)地球的破壞，同時(shí)提醒人類要善待地球，因?yàn)榈厍蚴前ㄈ祟愒趦?nèi)的所有物種共同的家園。 1．A.worried B．content C．shocked D．a(chǎn)nxious 解析：選B　句意：當(dāng)你們?cè)谌諝v上再一次劃掉“世界地球日”，心滿意足于至少在這24小時(shí)內(nèi)曾將我掛念于心時(shí)，我想提醒你們，我病了。content意為“滿足的”。 2．A.when B．though C．if D．unless 解析：選C　句意：我現(xiàn)在萬分恐懼，如果我不能盡快得到所需的對(duì)癥醫(yī)療和護(hù)理，我將病入膏肓，無藥可醫(yī)。if意為“如果”。 3．A.within B．a(chǎn)gainst C．under D．beyond 解析：選D　參見上題解析。beyond all cures在此意為“無藥可醫(yī)”。 4．A.count B．warn C．decide D．estimate 解析：選D　句意：地質(zhì)學(xué)家估算，我已經(jīng)存在了45億年。estimate意為“估算”。 5．A.existence B．place C．condition D．danger 解析：選A　參見上題解析。in existence意為“存在”。 6．A.organizations B．friends C．species D．pioneers 解析：選C　句意：當(dāng)前估算表明我已經(jīng)是大約870萬不同物種的家園。species意為“物種”。 7．A.in particular B．by accident C．in control D．a(chǎn)t present 解析：選A　句意：目前，我的居住者中有超過74億屬于某個(gè)特殊物種，那就是你們，或者更確切地說，是人類。in particular意為“尤其，特別”。 8．A.agreement B．harmony C．parison D．line 解析：選B　由空處后一句可知，此處指彼此和諧共處。in harmony with意為“與……協(xié)調(diào)，與……和諧”。 9．A.evolved B．believed C．decreased D．withdrew 解析：選A　句意：像一個(gè)自豪的家長(zhǎng)一樣，我一直驚奇地看著你們?cè)谀芰椭橇ι现鸩竭M(jìn)化。evolve意為“進(jìn)化，演變”。 10．A.understood B．a(chǎn)nalyzed C．a(chǎn)bandoned D．mastered 解析：選D　句意：你們已經(jīng)能夠遨游太空，研制出治療疑難雜癥的許多藥物，建成了大型都市并掌握了科技。master意為“精通，掌握”。 11．A.displease B．satisfy C．explore D．improve 解析：選A　句意：我可曾做過任何令你們不快的事情嗎？displease意為“使不愉快”。 12．A.promised B．decided C．plained D．remembered 解析：選B　句意：我們共同的歷史中可曾出現(xiàn)過任何問題，讓你們覺得我們不再平等嗎？decide意為“決定”。 13．A.reason B．deliver C．pump D．persuade 解析：選C　由空后的“poisonous smokes”可知，此處選pump，表示“排放有毒氣體”。 14．A.break up B．heat up C．e up D．wrap up 解析：選B　有毒氣體排放到空氣中，自然會(huì)導(dǎo)致地球溫度上升。 15．A.difference B．profit C．sense D．progress 解析：選C　句意：當(dāng)然，你們不會(huì)是有意為之的；這沒道理啊。make no sense為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“沒道理，講不通，毫無意義”。 16．A.greedy B．disappointed C．respectable D．envious 解析：選A　由一段人類的種種行為可知，此處表示人類已經(jīng)變得愈加貪婪。greedy意為“貪婪的，貪心的”。 17．A.permanently B．logically C．temporarily D．surprisingly 解析：選C　句意：我愿意相信你們只是暫時(shí)迷失了方向，正如在你們之前出現(xiàn)的其他物種那樣。temporarily意為“臨時(shí)地”。 18．A.because B．a(chǎn)s C．but D．for 解析：選B　參見上題解析。 19．A.confident B．troublesome C．mistaken D．shy 解析：選B　句意：我堅(jiān)信，你們就像問題少年，只是需要有一次回家探訪片刻的機(jī)會(huì)。troublesome意為“令人煩惱的，令人頭疼的”。 20．A.changeable B．valid C．productive D．a(chǎn)lternative 解析：選D　句意：你們中有很多人已經(jīng)開始回收利用你們產(chǎn)生的廢棄物，并考慮用可再生能源替代的方法。alternative意為“可替代的”。 Ⅲ.任務(wù)型閱讀 (2020屆高三無錫模擬)People tend to blame the external (外部的) force when bad things happen and give themselves credit when good things occur.For example, if you passed an exam, the selfserving would lead you to believe that it was because you studied hard.If you failed, on the other hand, you might believe it was because the teacher did not explain the subject correctly, the classroom was too warm or your roommate kept you up all night before the exam.Social psychologists describe this phenomenon as selfserving bias (自利性偏差)． A number of factors have been shown to influence the selfserving bias.Generally, older adults make the internal attribution, that is, credit themselves with their success.Men are more likely to make the external attribution, meaning they tend to blame the outside force for their failure.Often when a person is sad, this kind of bias may be opposite: they will attribute positive results to the outside help or even luck, and blame themselves when bad things happen. Experts suggest that while this bias is quite widespread in the Western culture including the U．S.and Canada, it tends to be much less frequent in the Eastern culture including China and Japan.Why? Individualist cultures such as the U．S.place greater stress on the personal achievement and selfrespect, so protecting the self from feelings of failure is more important.Collectivist cultures, on the other hand, are more likely to attribute the personal success to luck and failure to the lack of talent. However, there are some situations where the selfserving bias happens less often.Some research has found that people in close relationships, whether the romantic relationship or friendship, tend to be more modest.Your friends or your partner, in other words, would remind you when a bad situation might be partly because of your own doing. Although the bias can mean avoid the personal responsibility for ones action, in many cases, it is a defense mechanism that protects a persons selfrespect.By attributing positive events to personal characteristics, people get an increase in confidence.By blaming the outside force for failure, people make themselves believe they dont need to be responsible for the failure and thus protect their selfrespect. Another advantage of this bias is that it leads people to persevere even in the face of difficult situations.An unemployed worker may feel more motivated to keep looking for work if he attributes his unemployment to a weak economy, for example, rather than some personal failure.An athlete might feel more motivated to perform well if he believes that his failure during a previous event is the result of bad weather rather than a lack of skill. Selfserving Bias The concept of the self serving bias The selfserving bias mirrors a mon phenomenon that people always attribute their success to the (1)________ reasons while failure to the objective ones. Factors (2)________ the selfserving bias The selfserving bias is linked to (3)________ and gender (性別)． The selfserving bias is also connected with ones (4)________．For example, an unhappy person tends to blame himself when bad things happen. Different (5)________ backgrounds, whether individualist or collectivist, also have much to do with the selfserving bias.For example, when faced with failure, the former needs more (6)______ while the latter needs to bear appropriate (7)________． The bias happens less (8)________ when people are in close relationships. Advantages of the selfserving bias The bias helps in protecting a persons selfrespect by increasing his confidence and (9)________ him from the personal responsibility for the future. The bias provides people with essential (10)________， which helps them keep struggling. 答案：1.subjective　2.influencing/affecting/impacting 3．a(chǎn)ge　4.mood/emotion(s)/feelings　5.cultural 6．protection/encouragement(s)/fort(s) 7．responsibility　8.often/frequently　9.freeing 10．motivation 檢測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)B卷 閱讀理解 A Yuletide (圣誕節(jié)) Brunch With Dickens Thursday, December 8, 10：00 am－1：00 pm Join us for a special brunch featuring delicious foods free from much salt and fat, soft beverages, and a special appearance of Gerald Charles Dickens! Reservations and advance payment are required.＄30 per person.More information can be found by calling 8004483883. Yuletide Brunch With Santa December 17&18, 9：00 am－2：00 pm Santa will appear in the morning. ＄35 per person. Children, ages 2 to 12, half off; children under 2 are free. Members receive 10% discount on parties of up to four. For reservations, call 3028884826. About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting Hosted by Riedel, the wine glass pany Wednesday, December 14, 6：30 pm－7：30 pm，Brown Horticulture Learning Center Join us for a unique and fascinating wine seminar featuring Riedel crystal and delicious wine. Our speaker will demonstrate how the shape of the glass influences our enjoyment of the wine. Price includes parative tasting of four different wines and four crystal glasses from Riedels Veritas Collection to take home (a retail value of ＄138). The option to purchase more wine glasses sets at special pricing：＄80 per member；＄90 per nonmember. Purchase tickets online or by calling 8004843283. Tickets to this event include admission to Yuletide Jazz & Wine in the Galleries Reception Atrium on that evening. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了三個(gè)活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中，人們可以品嘗美食，與圣誕老人互動(dòng)，品嘗美酒等。 1．How much would four adults pay for attending Yuletide Brunch With Santa? A．＄31.5.　　　　 　B．＄35. C．＄126. D．＄140. 解析：選C　數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)“Yuletide Brunch With Santa”部分可知，該活動(dòng)的門票價(jià)格是每人35美元，團(tuán)購(gòu)人數(shù)達(dá)到4人時(shí)，可享受9折優(yōu)惠。因此，4個(gè)成年人需要支付126美元(35美元40.9)。 2．What can people do when attending About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting? A．Enjoy the performance of Santa. B．Taste all kinds of different wines. C．Appreciate Gerald Charles Dickens. D．Learn how glasses influence the taste of the wine. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting”部分中的“Our speaker will demonstrate how the shape of the glass influences our enjoyment of the wine.”可知，該活動(dòng)的發(fā)言人會(huì)講解杯子的形狀怎樣影響了酒的風(fēng)味。 B First of all, I believe that in order to get something we must be willing to give. And it works with love, too. The more of it you give away, the more you get it back from others. Secondly, I am convinced that love is not only a feeling, it is also an attitude. So, if you want to attract love into your life, you must be willing to think about it and wele it. Most people would not agree with me on that. They would say that they do think about it more than anything else. But what kind of state are you in when you think about it? Most ladies when they turn 24－30 bee hopeless. They tell themselves and sometimes others that they are missing the chance and most probably will never get married. Their focus is in the wrong area. This only strengthens their disappointment and doubts. Thirdly, you have to learn how to love yourself. Too many people hate themselves. How can they expect that others will love them? You change the focus by looking at how wonderfully God made you. You are beautiful in his eyes and you must love yourself. Fourthly, love es when you learn how to forgive others. Do not keep hate in your heart for it will destroy your ability to receive and give love. Try to forgive the person or people who have offended (冒犯) you. Fifthly, do some love actions. Very often love is there, but you have to express it. Do something good for other people. Do something nice for the person whom you have warm feelings for. Do not rely only on thoughts and words. Move to actions and love will be there. So I do believe that thoughts on love can inspire you to have the most desirable quality of life in the world. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。生活中，每個(gè)人都想得到愛，但如何得到呢？對(duì)此，作者提出了五條建議。 3．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．Giving love much thought. B．Feeling love in your heart. C．Getting love sooner or later. D．Weling any love ing to you. 解析：選A　代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“you must be willing to think about it and wele it”和第三段第二句可猜測(cè)，此處that指多思考關(guān)于愛的問題，故選A項(xiàng)。 4．To get the love we desire, we should ________. A．expect others to love us B．help those in need C．never offend others D．express love with actions 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，要想獲得愛，我們必須用行動(dòng)表達(dá)愛，故選D項(xiàng)。 5．Whats the purpose of the author in writing the text? A．To give some advice on how to get love. B．To explain the meaning of love. C．To stress the importance of love. D．To pare “give” with “receive”． 解析：選A　寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，作者主要提出了五條獲得愛的建議，幫助我們提高生活品質(zhì)，故選A項(xiàng)。 C Going Green For career changers thinking about growth and advancement potential, forget the bluecollar and whitecollar categories: Green is the way to go. According to Bracken Hendricks, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Progress, careers that promote environmental responsibility will bee main stream within a decade. “The growth in green careers will be like the Internet Boom, which not only created new jobs, but also had an influence on the overall economy，” he says. The increasing environmental problems and need for ecofriendly products and services are creating a new job section of greencollar jobs. Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energysaving products and services. It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be of greencollar jobs. Doesnt the data look promising for the future? Greencollar jobs have bee a bright career chances for all. And jobs will pop up at every ine level, from environmental manager to gardener. For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later bee a serious danger to mankind. As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way. The increasing demand of newer resources has been creating the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs. In addition, in order to meet the increasing demands of environmentfriendly equipment, both green product designer and educated and trained workers are needed. Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers. Where can you find greencollar jobs? Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter. Nowadays, different kinds of jobs are being posted online. Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management. Check regularly and find the right work for yourself. People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of greencollar jobs. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。隨著各國(guó)環(huán)保意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，勞動(dòng)者行列又多了一個(gè)群體：greencollar worker(綠領(lǐng)工人)，文中列舉了其具體崗位，說明了其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 6．Why does Bracken Hendricks mention the Internet Boom in Paragraph 1? A．To explain the importance of technology. B．To provide evidence of his recent research. C．To indicate the bright future of green careers. D．To inform us of the way of finding greencollar jobs. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句，尤其是其中“The growth in green careers will be like the Internet Boom”可知環(huán)保類職業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的興旺一樣，因此答案選C。 7．Which of the following probably creates greencollar jobs? A．Promoting services. B．Training employees. C．Consuming fossil fuels. D．Developing new resources. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。解答本題首先需理解greencollar jobs的定義，然后采用排除法，選項(xiàng)A、B、C創(chuàng)造的工作與綠領(lǐng)工作定義不符合。另外結(jié)合第二、三段的內(nèi)容也不難確定D為正確答案。 8．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3? A．The requirements for green employees. B．The development of the green industry. C．The econom