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List what is Food Poising List 6 way to prevent Bacterial Poisoning List 2 common Chemical Poisoning List 4 common prevention of Toxic Poisoning,陳述事物中毒的基本概念陳述預防細菌性事物中毒的6種方法陳述2個常見化學性事物中毒陳述4個有毒動植物中毒,培訓目標,What is Food poisoning Common food poisoningCharacteristic of food poisoning,什么是食品中毒常見的食物中毒食物中毒的特征,食品中毒的基本概念,Food poisoning is having poisonous and harmful and polluted foods or food containing poisonous thwt bring about acute, subacute disease.,食品中毒是指食用了被有毒有害物質污染了的食品或是含有毒有害的食品后出現的急性，亞急性疾病,什么是食品中毒,Food poisoning means getting affected by the harmful bacterial inside the food. This will cause stomach upset and other problems.,細菌性食物中毒是最常見的食物中毒，預防細菌性食物中毒對于控制食物中毒的發(fā)生，保障消費者身體健康非常重要。,,細菌性中毒,常見的食物中毒有哪些,Food that are poisonous by itself before cooking. Examples are : beans and puffer fish.,有毒動植物中毒：是指人們食用了一些含有某種有毒成份動植物而引起的食物中毒。常見的有河豚魚中毒，高組胺魚中毒，四季豆中毒，豆?jié){中毒，發(fā)芽馬鈴薯中毒，毒蘑菇中毒等。,有毒動植物中毒,Chemical ingredients, this means that the food contains ingredients that are genetically modified.,化學性食物中毒是指人們食用被有毒有害化學品污染的食品而引起的食物中毒。常見的有“瘦骨精”食物中毒，有機磷農藥食物中毒，亞硝酸鹽食物中毒，桐油食物中毒等。,化學性事物中毒,食物中毒的特征,Food poisoning can affect thousands of people and symptoms defer from peopleTo people. It usually take 2-24 hrs to feel the effect. The conditions includes: Vomiting, headache, stomach ache. During may to October, it is the best period For these bacteria to be active and we should be careful.,一般人發(fā)病突然，發(fā)病人數多且較集中，少則幾人，幾十人，多則數百人，上千人。潛伏期根據中毒中毒種類的不同可從數分鐘到數十小時，大多數食物中毒的病人在進食后2~24小時內發(fā)病，通?；瘜W性食物中毒潛伏期較短，細菌性食物中毒潛伏期較長。 病人的癥狀表現類似。大多數細菌性食物中毒的病人都有惡心，嘔吐，腹痛，腹瀉等急性腸胃道癥狀，但根據進食有毒物質的多少及中毒者的體質強弱，癥狀的輕重會有所不同。細菌性食物中毒季節(jié)性比較明顯，5~10月份氣溫比較高，適宜細菌生長繁殖，使細菌性食物中毒的高發(fā)時期。大部分的化學性食物中毒和動植物性食物中毒季節(jié)性不明顯。,The most common type of infection is virus infection. And how this can happen: 1. Mix raw and cooked food. Raw food contains lots of bacteria and should never be placed near cooked food. 2. Human infection. If the person handling the food have a cut or wound, bacteria will be very easy to spread.,生熟交叉污染生肉，水產品或其他食品原料，半成品，往往有各種各樣的致病菌，在加工處理過程中如果生，熟食品混放，或者生，熟食品的工用具混用，就會使熟食受到致病菌的污染，而熟食在食用前一般不再經過加熱，因此一旦受到致病菌污染，積極易引發(fā)食物中毒 2. 患者炒作人員帶菌污染 一旦操作人員說不皮膚有破損，化膿，或患有感冒，腹瀉等疾病，會攜帶大量致病菌。如果患病的操作員仍在繼續(xù)接觸食品，極易使食品受到致病菌的污染，從而引發(fā)食物中毒。,細菌性事物中毒發(fā)生的原因,Under-cooking. By under-cooking, the bacterial in the food will still be active and for your safety, always cook food thoroughly and avoid mass cooking. Utensils are not clean. If plates that contain food previously is not properly clean, there is a chance of bacterial growing on it.,3. 食物未燒熟煮透生的食物即使帶有致病菌，通過徹底的加熱烹調，也能殺滅絕大多數的細菌，確保食用安全。但如果烹調前未徹底解凍，一鍋燒煮量太大或燒制時間不足等，使食品未燒熟煮透，就會導致致病菌為被殺滅，從而引發(fā)食物中毒。4. 餐具清洗消毒不徹底盛放熟食品的餐具或其他容器清洗消毒不徹底，或者消毒后的餐具受到二次污染，致病菌通過餐具污染到食品，也可以引起食物中毒,細菌性事物中毒發(fā)生的原因,1.Keep clean. Always make sure that all utensils and chopping board is clean. Table top should be clean and the chef’s hand is washed and dry.2. Separate raw and cooked food. Never place cooked food next to the chopping board or prepare food near the dining table to avoid cross-contamination.,一、 是防止食品受到細菌污染1. 保持清潔保持與食品接觸的砧板，刀具，操作臺等表面清潔。保持廚房地面，墻壁，天花板等食品加工環(huán)境的清潔。保持手的清潔，不僅在操作前及受到污染后要洗手，在加工食物期間也要經常洗手。2. 生熟分開處理涼菜要使用消毒后的刀和砧板。生熟食品的容器，工用具要嚴格分開擺放和使用。,如何預防細菌性事物中毒,如何預防細菌性食物中毒,3. Use clean water and ingredients. This is to ensure safety and it’s healthy. Raw fruits and vegetable should be rinsed before cooking.4. Temperature control. It’s best to cook raw food 2 hours after buying and meat and seafood should be stored at below 5 degree. Food to be chilled also should be stored in the fridge.,使用潔凈的水和安全的食品原料熟食品的加工處理要使用潔凈的水。選擇來源正規(guī)，優(yōu)質新鮮的食品原料。4. 控制溫度菜肴烹飪后至食前的時間預計超過2小時的，應使其在5攝氏度以下或60攝氏度以上條件下存放。鮮肉，禽類，魚類和乳品冷藏溫度應低于5攝氏度。 冷凍食品不宜在室溫條件下進行化凍，保證安全的做法是在5攝氏度以下溫度解凍，或在21攝氏度以下的流動水中解凍。,,如何預防細菌性事物中毒,如何預防細菌性食物中毒,5. Cooking process. The food temperature should be above 70 degree for those that have been stored at 10-60 degree for 2 hours. Defrost food completely before cooking. 6. Proper cleaning. Fruits and sashimi are eaten raw therefore the plates serving these food should be clean. Utensils should also be clean for preparing food.,5. 燒熟煮透烹調食品時，必須使食品中心溫度超過70攝氏度。在10-60攝氏度條件下存放2小時的菜肴，食用前要徹底加熱至中心溫度達到70攝氏度以上。已變質的食品可能含有耐熱（加熱也不能破壞）的細菌毒素，不得再加熱食用。嚴格清洗消毒生魚片，現榨果汁，水果拼盤等不經加熱處理的直接入口食品，應在清洗的基礎上，對食品外表面，工用具等進行嚴格的消毒。餐具，熟食品容器要徹底洗凈消毒后使用。,,如何預防細菌性事物中毒,火災發(fā)生時應如何去做,We will now see how chemicals substances in food poison consumers. Food addictives. Most case happens concerning pork when butcher addsAddictives to make it look nicer. An overdose of it will cause adverse affect and Will take place 30 minute to 2 hours later causing headache.To prevent, buy meat from reputable butcher and meat must not be dull.,1. “瘦肉精”中毒中毒原因：食用了含有瘦肉精的豬肉，豬內臟等主要癥狀：一般在食用后30分鐘至2小時內發(fā)病，癥狀為心跳加快，肌肉震顫，頭暈，惡心，臉色紅潮等預防方法：選擇信譽良好的供應商，如果發(fā)現豬肉肉色較深，肉質鮮艷，后臀肌肉飽滿突出，脂肪非常薄，這種豬肉可能含有豬肉精特別提示：盡量選用帶有肥膘的豬肉，豬內臟，最好選有品牌的定型包裝產品，不要采用市場外無證攤販經營的食品,常見的化學性食物中毒,,2. Food pesticides. Most vegetables and fruits are cover with pesticides to Prevent insects from eating them. This must be washed off if not within 2 Hours, it will cause headache, vomiting, faintness, excessive sweating. To Prevent this from happening, we must buy from a reputable supplier and wash Food thoroughly.,2. 有機磷農藥中毒 中毒原因食用了殘留有機磷農藥的蔬菜，水果等主要癥狀一般在食用后2小時內發(fā)病，癥狀為頭痛，頭暈，腹痛，惡心，流涎,多汗，視力模糊等，嚴重者瞳孔縮小，呼吸困難，昏迷，直至呼吸衰竭而死亡預防方法選擇信譽良好的供應商，蔬菜粗加工時用蔬果洗潔凈溶液浸泡30分鐘后再沖凈。,常見的化學性食物中毒,Puffer fish. Main reason for poisoning is the mis-handling of the food. The poison takes 3 hours take effect and will cause low blood pressure, numbness or even death.,1. 河豚魚中毒中毒原因誤食河豚魚或河豚魚加工不當主要癥狀一般在食用后數分鐘至3小時內發(fā)作，癥狀為腹部不適，口唇指端麻木，四肢乏力繼而麻痹甚至癱瘓，血壓下降，昏迷，最后因呼吸麻痹而死亡預防方法不使用任何品種的河豚魚（巴魚）或河豚魚干制品。國家禁止在餐飲服務單位加工制作河豚魚,常見的動植物中毒,2. High histamine fish. These fish have mostly green skin and the meat is a little red. It takes minuets for the effect to happen and will cause nose bleeding, headache, rash and fast heartbeat.To prevent: always buy fresh fish and the eyes are not red. The meat should be firm too.,2. 高組胺魚類中毒中毒原因食用了不新鮮的高組胺魚類（如鮐魚，秋刀魚，金槍魚等青皮紅肉魚）主要癥狀一般在食用后數分鐘至數小時內發(fā)病，癥狀為面部，胸部及全身皮膚潮紅，眼結膜充血，并伴有頭痛，頭暈，心跳呼吸加快等，皮膚可出現斑疹或蕁麻疹預防方法采購新鮮的魚，如發(fā)現魚眼變紅，色澤暗淡，魚體無彈性時，不要購買，儲存要保持低溫冷藏，烹調時放醋，可以使魚體內的組胺含量下降,常見的動植物中毒,3. Soya bean.If the soya bean is not being boiled at high heat, poisonous substances inside it will not be destroyed. It usually take 30 to 60 minuet for the effect to happen and it will cause headache, vomiting, instine problems. To prevent this, always boil till you can see bubbles and leave it boiling for 5 minuet.,3 . 豆?jié){中毒中毒原因豆?jié){未經徹底煮沸，其中的皂素，抗胰蛋白酶等有毒物質未經徹底破壞主要癥狀在食用后30分鐘至1小時內，出現胃部不適，惡心，嘔吐，腹脹，腹瀉，頭暈，無力等中毒癥狀預防方法生豆?jié){燒煮時將上涌泡沫除凈，煮沸后再以文火維持沸騰5分鐘左右,常見的動植物中毒,4. Poisonous mushroom. There are various types of mushroom and some are poisonous which we need to avoid. Different mushroom will have different effect and most common effects are: vomiting, intestine cramp and death. It takes 10 Minuit to 2 hours for the poison to take effect.Avoid this by only eating mushroom sold by proper supplier.,毒蘑菇中毒中毒原因毒蘑菇在自然界到處都有，從外觀上卻很難與無毒蘑菇區(qū)分開來，毒蘑菇一旦被誤食，就會引起中毒，甚至引起死亡主要癥狀由于毒蘑菇的種類很多，所含毒素的種類也不一樣，因此中毒的表現多種多樣，主要表現出四種類型;胃腸炎型大多在食用10分鐘至2小時左右發(fā)病，出現惡心嘔吐，腹痛腹瀉等癥狀，單純由胃腸毒引起的中毒,死亡效率較低.溶血型除了胃腸道癥狀外，在中毒一兩天內出現黃疸，血紅蛋白尿；肝損害型由于毒蘑菇的毒性大，會出現肝臟腫大，黃疸，肝功能異常等表現。預防方法切勿采集，進食野生蘑菇，也不要購買來 源不明的蘑菇,常見的動植物中毒,測試題：,,,測試題,Thank you !,