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1、 北京大學2004年博士研究生入學考試試題 2006-08-16 10:56:00 Part One Listening Comprehension （略） Part Two Structure and Written Expression Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your

2、 choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%) 41. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are__________, existing only until the sunset. A. equitable B. ephemeral C. euphonious D. evasive 42. Brooding and hopelessness are the__________of Indians in the

3、 prairie reservations most of the time. A. occupations B. promises C. frustrations D. transactions 43. What__________about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken famil

4、y. A. worked me out B. knocked me out C. brought me up D. put me forward 44. __________considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory. A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban man B. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man C. No prehistoric cave man no

5、r late-industrial urban man D. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man 45. Not until the 1980s__________in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction. A. some concerned citizens B. some concerning citizens C. did some concerning citizens

6、D. did some concerned citizens 46. The buttocks are__________most other parts in the body. A. likely less to cause fatal damage than B. likely less causing fatal damage to C. less likely to cause fatal damage than D. less likey to cause fatal damage to 47. The concept of internet,_______

7、___has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century. A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distances B. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distances C. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distance D. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messag

8、es for distances 48. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to__________the idea of applying for study in the United States.A. reduce B. yield C. relinquish D. waver 49. His request for a day off__________by the manager of the company. A. was turned off B. was tu

9、rned down C. was put down D. was put away 50. The index of industrial production__________last year. A. raised up by 4 per cent B. rose up with 4 per cent C.arose up with 4 per cent D. went up by 4 per cent 51. Please__________if you ever come to Sydney. A. look at me B. look me up C. loo

10、k me out D. look to me 52. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered__________yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A. a sharp set-back B. severe set-back C. a severe blown-up D. sharp blown-up 53. By the end of the year 2004, he__________

11、in the army for 40 years. A. will have served B. will serve C. will be serving D. will be served 54. __________there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith__________the invitation to visit that area. A. If he knew, would have declined B. If he had known, would decline C. Had he known,

12、would decline D. Had he known, would have declined 55. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could__________. A. hear somebody mourn B. hear somebody mourning C. hear somebody mourned D. hear somebody had been mourning 56. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out_____

13、_____. A. that seemed to be the best route B. what seemed to be the best route C. which seemed to be the best route D. something that to be the best route 57. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even__________. A. to consider supporting it B. considering to support it C. to c

14、onsidering to support it D. considering supporting it 58. Among the first to come and live in North America__________, who later prospered mainly in New England. A. had been Dutch settlers B. Dutch settlers were there C. were Dutch settlers D. Dutch settlers had been there 59. The cargo b

15、ox has a label__________on it. Please handle it with care. A. “flexible” B. “break” C. “fragile” D. “stiff” 60. __________we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth. A. Much as B. As much C. More as D. As well as Part Four Cloze Test Directions: Fill in eac

16、h numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the pa ssage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) Flowers for the Dead Since flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets wi

17、th wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the graves of the (76) __________. This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient (77)__________. In cultures that firmly believed in an

18、 (78)__________, and believed further that the departed could enter that afterlife only (79) __________they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany (80)__________rulers,

19、 the riches (81)__________with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed persons eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual (82)__________goods were replaced (83)__________symbolic representations. In China, for ex

20、ample, gold and silver paper became a stand-in (84)__________real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the (85)__________step in “three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and —

21、 finally —mere tributes of respect.” Part Five Proofreading Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change

22、 a word, cross it out with a slash (\) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) Examples: e.g.1 (

23、86) The meeting begun 2 hours ago. Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (86) begun began e.g.2 (87) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtains went up. Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (87) (Scarcely) had (they) e.g.3 (88) Never will I not do it again. Corre

24、ction in the ANSWER SHEET: (88) not  (86) Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. (87) In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. (8

25、8) Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides. (89) They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F. C. C. chairman, and his two Republ

26、ican colleagues on the five-member commission said that (90) a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providing computer-to-computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phone companies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet. (

27、91) “This is a reflecting of the commissions commitment to bring tomorrows technology to consumers today,” said Mr. Powell. He added that (92)the rules governing the new phone services sought to make them as wide available as e-mail, (93) and possibly much less expensive than traditional phones, and

28、 given their lower regulatory costs. At the same time, (94) once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet through power lines are completed, (95) companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk l

29、amp. Part Six Writing Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%) Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises  試 題 詳 解 Part One Listening Comprehension (略） Part Two Structure

30、and Written Expression 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. B56. B 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. A Part Three Reading Comprehension Ⅰ.Passage One 61. C 62. C 63. A 64. C Passage Two 65. D 66. B 67. A Passage Three 68. B 69. D 70. B Ⅱ.(

31、71) If you are seriously ill, its good for you not to be panic and depressed. (72) Medical researchers, among whom Galen, an ancient Greek doctor, is the first one, have found out that depression can not only result in other illness but also aggravate existing ones. (73) Once they know what illn

32、ess theyve got, they get worse. (74) For most people, its difficult to accept the terrible fact and remain sensible, but we should at least have confidence in ourselves. (75) Even if you get a HIV diagnosis, it is still possible for you to avoid the outbreak. Part Four Cloze Test (76) dead

33、(77) traditions (78) afterlife (79) if (80) the (81) or (82) grave (83) by (84) for (85)last Part Five Proofreading (86) been being (87) (finD. it (easier) (88) taking Taken (89) (industries), and (equipment) (90) in under (91) reflecting reflection (92) wide widely (93) and g

34、iven given (94) while (95) like as Part Six Writing Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises When SARS epidemic swept across China and stirred up even the entire globe last year, people finally came to realize the concept of public health crises, which in reality have already affected our

35、 life in various ways. Why didnt we recognize this until our life has been endangered? Surely, epidemic diseases as a kind of public health crises, have contributed to peoples perception of public health crises. Public health itself is not new, but the term ”public health crises “has been fresh

36、for most people in China. It includes not only outbreaks of diseases, but also water erosion, deforestation, desertification and many other problems which mankind as a whole must face. Ever since the industrial revolution and great economic expansion, peoples life has been challenged in one way or a

37、nother due to lots of irresponsible behaviors of mankind. Most of the time, people have accustomed to their ordinary way of life and do not spare time in comprehending the imminent crises. On the other hand, epidemic outbreaks always take on a very severe outlook and thus pose direct dangers to co

38、mmon people. They affect peoples daily activities and even their lives, and that is why they can successfully arouse peoples concerns about their own health. To some extent, our awareness of our dining habits and carelessness in protecting the environment can be attributed to the outbreak of some ep

39、idemics, like SARS and bird flu. We should all be gratitude for this awareness brought about by some epidemics. As China and the worlds economy continue to expand, governments and people are fully aware that some measures have to be taken to fend off any possible danger to public health. A. is to

40、 send them to clinics B. offers recapture of earlier experiences C. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains D. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced 47. The child in the nursery__________. A. quickly learns to wait for food B. doesnt initially sleep and wak

41、e at regular intervals C. always accepts the rhythm of the world around them D. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly 48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________. A. can never be taken too far B. should be left to school teachers C. will always assi

42、st their development D. should be balanced between two extremes 49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________. A. too difficult for children B. a kind of building-block toy C. not very entertaining for adults D. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation 50. Parental controls and discipline___

43、_______. A. serve a dual purpose B. should be avoided as much as possible C. reflect the values of the community D. are designed to promote the childs happiness Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people w

44、ho arent Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American hildren under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, its almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves

45、 as “Jewish” when they get older. That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasnt Jewish, the number

46、 dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasnt Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too. “I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey w

47、hich was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasnt actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says its obvious that interfaith marriage works against

48、 the development of Jewish identity among children, but says its not clear at this point why thats the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. Thats something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didnt have information on h

49、ow they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new studys going to cover some of that,” she says. Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works w

50、ith Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, its an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just o

51、ne, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews. 51. The best title of this passage is__________. A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in American B.

52、 Jewish Identity in America C. Judaism-a Religion? D. College Jewish Students 52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish. A. most B. 93% of those whose parents were both Jewish C. 62% of those only whose father were Jewish D. 15% of those only whose mother wer

53、e Jewish 53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________. A. marriage of people based on mutual belief B. marriage of people for the common faith C. marriage of people of different religious faiths D. marriage of people who have faith in each other 54. Whi

54、ch of the following statements is NOT true about professor Saxs research? A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish. B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen. C. The research survey didnt find out what and how these

55、Jewish students think about their religion. D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study. 55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel. B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and its an ex

56、perience. C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world. D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: Governments that want their people to prosper in

57、the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Some have argued that su

58、ch rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rig

59、hts,” he says. Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often cal

60、led capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes. “No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private prope

61、rty without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.” Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter ho

62、w small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to

63、honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes. Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to ex