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1、英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（the Active Voice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（the Passive Voice）。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：English is spoken by many people. 當(dāng)我們不知道或沒(méi)必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)或者強(qiáng)調(diào)突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) （4）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be 有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一

2、樣。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問(wèn)式列表如下：句式句式句型結(jié)構(gòu)句型結(jié)構(gòu)例例 句句肯定句肯定句主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+（by）He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否定句否定句主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be not +過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞+（by）I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑一般疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)句Be +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+（by）？）？Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑特殊疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+ be+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+過(guò)過(guò)去分詞去分詞+（by）？）

3、？What is this sweater made of?考點(diǎn)二 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法： (1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)，不用by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者短語(yǔ)。如： Such books are written for children. 這些書(shū)是為兒童寫(xiě)的。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用by短語(yǔ)。 The cup was broken by David. 這個(gè)杯子被大衛(wèi)打碎了。(3)做客觀說(shuō)明時(shí),常采用一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型： Its / was said / believed / reported / + that 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道 如： Its reported that about three hu

4、ndred people were killed in this earthquake.考點(diǎn)四 使用中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1) 有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（直接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)） 常見(jiàn)的接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give, teach, pay, tell, buy, show, lend ,write, pass等。 通常這種句子可以改為以“人” 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和以“物”當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的兩種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：He gave me a book. I was given a book by him.(以I做主語(yǔ))A book was given to me by him. (以物book作主語(yǔ))5. He teaches

5、us English. _(以人當(dāng)主語(yǔ)以人當(dāng)主語(yǔ))_(以物作主語(yǔ)以物作主語(yǔ))We are taught English (by him). English is taught to us (by him). （2）英語(yǔ)中有“十大動(dòng)詞”的說(shuō)法，即feel, hear, listen to, have, make, let(讓、使) , look at, watch, see, notice，這些詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to，但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)必須加to。如： I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into th

6、e office building.6. I heard John leave the room. _.John was heard to leave the room. （3）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：look after, look at, take care of, put up, take away, go over, pay attention to, cut down , laugh at等。如： They take good care of my child. =My child was taken good care of (by

7、 them). I turned off the radio. =The radio was turned off.7. Sally worked out all the problems. _.8. You cant take the magazines out of the reading room . _.The problems were worked out (by her) The magazines cant be taken out of the reading room （4）有些動(dòng)詞表被動(dòng)意義,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。特別主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)。 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有sell, write, wash等。

8、如： These novels wont sell well. 這些小說(shuō)不好賣(mài)。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 這種布容易洗（5）連系動(dòng)詞如feel, look, smell, taste, sound等用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。如： The fish tastes good.(6) 不及物動(dòng)詞happen, take place沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： Great changes have taken place in Dongguan in the last few years.( ) 9. The old man was quite weak after the

9、accident, so he_.A. must look after B. must be taken care C. must be looked after D. must take care of ( ) 10. A model ship _his son by Mr More.A. was made for B. was made to C. made for D. makes for( ) 11. This kind of sweater _very soft.A. is felt B. feels C. feel D. is feeling( ) 12. Though he ha

10、d often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by her.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry( ) 13.When_ the accident _?A. was; happened B. has; happened C. was; happening D. did; happen( )14.This kind of recorder _well.A. has been soldB. is soldC. sellsD. will be soldg.

11、want/need/require +動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如： The door is broken, it needs repairing. =The door is broken, it need to be repaired. 門(mén)壞了，需要修理?？键c(diǎn)五 記住一些常用詞組: 1. 被用來(lái)做某事 be used for doing sth. 2. 由制造 be made of /from +(原材料)3. 在某地制造 be made in (a place)4. 裝滿(mǎn) be full of /be filled with sth.5. 被覆蓋 be covered with6. 據(jù)說(shuō) Its said that 7. 被迫做某事 be made to do sth.8. 被聽(tīng)到作某事 be heard to do sth.9. 被看見(jiàn)作某事 be seen to do10.被某人使用 be used by sb. 備考過(guò)程中要熟練掌握四種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。要注意：1. 要分析主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，判斷使用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；2. 用在句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)決定了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)；3. 注意一些特定動(dòng)詞所帶賓補(bǔ)中to的回歸；4. 熟記不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)；5. 系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式的系表結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)。