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1、高考考點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)用法 （一）概敘 定義：英語(yǔ)中，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）。 狀語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)里的另一個(gè)附加成分,它附加在謂語(yǔ)中心語(yǔ)的前面,從情狀,時(shí) 間,處所,方式,條件,對(duì)象,肯定,否定,范圍和程度等方面對(duì)謂語(yǔ)中心進(jìn)行 修飾或限制。 狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程 度、方式和伴隨狀況等。 狀語(yǔ)的分類：狀語(yǔ)按其修飾的功能不同可分為九大類一一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，條件狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)，目的狀語(yǔ)，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，讓步狀語(yǔ)， 比較狀語(yǔ)和方式（伴隨）狀語(yǔ)。 狀語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成：狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相 當(dāng)于副詞的詞

2、或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。 狀語(yǔ)的位置：狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。如果一個(gè)中心 語(yǔ)前面有好幾個(gè)狀語(yǔ)（多層狀語(yǔ)），那就應(yīng)當(dāng)注意它們的語(yǔ)序.多層狀語(yǔ)的 狀語(yǔ)個(gè)數(shù)一般比多層定語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)個(gè)數(shù)要少些,其語(yǔ)序也比多層定語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序 要靈活一些.其中副詞的位置較為靈活，副詞是一種用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞, 副詞或全句的詞，說(shuō)明時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),程度,方式等概念。請(qǐng)看下面例句： 1 .副詞一般在句子中做狀語(yǔ). He speaks English very well. 2 .不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語(yǔ)。 I come specially to see you. 3 .介詞短語(yǔ) My parents often

3、 tell us about their bitter life in the past. 4 .從句作狀語(yǔ) When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. 5 .分詞作狀語(yǔ) Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad tempero （現(xiàn)在分詞） Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . （過(guò)去 分詞） 另外要注意英語(yǔ)一般狀語(yǔ)和句首狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，狀語(yǔ)在句子中有兩種位置： 一種是在主語(yǔ)

4、之后,謂語(yǔ)中心之前，這是狀語(yǔ)的一般位置；另一種是放在主 語(yǔ)的前面的,這是狀語(yǔ)的特殊位置,這種狀語(yǔ)可稱〃句首狀語(yǔ)〃。 （二）詳細(xì)講解 （1）狀語(yǔ)從句的分類及其連接詞的選擇 狀語(yǔ)從句（Adverbial Clause）:狀語(yǔ)從句指句子用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，起副詞 作用的句子。狀語(yǔ)從句主要用來(lái)修飾主句或主句的謂語(yǔ)，它可以修飾謂 語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為九大類，分 別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。 狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連詞（從屬連詞）引導(dǎo),也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首 或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)及主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。狀語(yǔ)的 位置比較靈活，可以

5、位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語(yǔ)修飾形 容詞和副詞時(shí)必須后置。 狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)：一般情況下，時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表示“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示 “將來(lái)完成時(shí)”。 As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. If he comes back, please let me know. 狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連 接詞即考點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)分別列舉如下： 1 .時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 常用弓I 導(dǎo)詞： when, as, while, as soon as,

6、before, after, since , till, until. 特殊弓I 導(dǎo) 詞: the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2 .地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句(adverbial clause of place) 常用引導(dǎo)詞：where 特

7、殊弓I 導(dǎo)詞： wherever, anywhere, everywhere. Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了 固定的句型 句型1: Where +地點(diǎn)從句，（there） +主句?！咀⒁狻?此句型通常譯成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在從句后面時(shí)，there 可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there。 You sho

8、uld have put the book where you found it. Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated. 句型2： Anywhere/ wherever +地點(diǎn)從句，+主句?！咀⒁狻縜nywhere 本身是個(gè)副詞，但是，?？梢砸龑?dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞，意思相似于 wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之 后。而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞，表示“在何處，無(wú)論何處”。 Wherever the sea is , you will f

9、ind seamen. 3 .原因狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for. 特殊弓I 導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 4 .目的狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that. 特殊弓I 導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that,

10、in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that / for the purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5 .結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：so ??? that, such …that, 特殊弓I 導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that

11、. To such a degree was he excited that he couldn t sleep last night. 6 .條件狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless. 特殊弓I 導(dǎo)詞：as/s。long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 7 .讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 常用弓I 導(dǎo) 詞：th

12、ough, although, even if, even though. 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as（用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝），while （ 一 般用在句首），no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever. Much as I respect him, I can t agree to his proposal. 8 .比較狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：as（同級(jí)比較），than（不同程度的比較）. 特殊弓I導(dǎo)詞：the more

13、 … the more … ；just as …， so…； A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 9 .方式狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how. 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 10 .狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化 狀語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:①主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，或從

14、 句主語(yǔ)為it；②從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。從句中的主語(yǔ)和be 動(dòng)詞常可省略。 When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . 另外，比較狀語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常省略。 The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure 就狀語(yǔ)從句而言，有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)言言簡(jiǎn)意賅，常常將狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行 〃簡(jiǎn)化〃。狀語(yǔ)從句的〃簡(jiǎn)化〃現(xiàn)象在口語(yǔ)中較為普遍，而且在高考中的復(fù) 現(xiàn)率也較高。因此，有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。 狀語(yǔ)從句的

15、〃簡(jiǎn)化〃現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句中：①由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；②由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；④由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式 狀語(yǔ)從句；⑤由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。下面針對(duì)這五種情 形作一歸納。 (1)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是it,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí)，it和be要完全 簡(jiǎn)化掉。 If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the dif

16、ficulty. ⑵當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，從句可以將主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng) 詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下兒種情形： a.連詞+形容詞 Work hard when (you are) young, or you11 regret. b.連詞+名詞 While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others. c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. d.連詞+過(guò)去分詞 He won t go the

17、re with us unless (he is) invited. e.連詞+不定式 He stood up as if (he were) to say something. f.連詞+介詞短語(yǔ) She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 注意：當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，從句部分要么用完全形式，要 么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。 When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. (=The meeting over, …) (2)

18、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)用法 作狀語(yǔ)用的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有副詞的特征。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，三者都可 以改寫為及其意思相當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z(yǔ)從句。 1.不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果和條件等。 (1 )表示目的。 She stood up to be seen better. ( = … so that she could be seen better.) 注：如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)及句子的主語(yǔ)不同，則需要用for將 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)引出，置于不定式之前。 The hostess opened the door for the guests to come in. 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語(yǔ)，也可用in order

19、 to be seen better, so as to be seen better來(lái)代替前面例句中的to be seen better 。 He left early so as not to miss the first bus. (2 )表示結(jié)果。 He opened the door only to find two strangers. (=??? so that he found two strangers. ) (3 )表示原因。 I,m delighted to know that you have found a good job. (= as I know th

20、at you have found a good job …) 注：不定式表示原因時(shí),通常及l(fā)ucky, delighted, surprised 或glad等表示喜、怒、哀、樂的形容詞連用。 (4 )表示條件。 He is very hard to get on with. 2. 一 ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、 結(jié)果、方式或伴隨狀況，對(duì)句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞加以修飾或說(shuō)明。 (1 )表示時(shí)間 A. -ing分詞表示的動(dòng)作及句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或緊 接著發(fā)生時(shí)，用-ing分詞的一般式。 Climbing to the top of the tower

21、( = When we climbed to the top of the tower ) , we saw a beautiful view. 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，可把連詞when或while放在一 ing 分詞之前。 When rushing out of the room, (二 When he rushed out of the room ) the boy was knocked down by a car. B. 一 ing分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的 動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，用一 ing分詞的完成式。 Having done his homework, ( = After

22、 he had done his homework ) the boy went out to play with other boys. (2 )表示原因。 Having been there many times ( = As he had been there many times ) , he offered to introduce the country. 10 / 20 (3 )表示條件。 Not working hard ( = If you dont work hard ) , you won，t pass the examination. (4 )表示讓步。

23、 Having much money ( = Though he has much money ) , he feels lonely. (5 )表示結(jié)果。 Her husband died, leaving her with five children. (=??? so that he left her with five children ) 說(shuō)明：-ing分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前常有so, thus等 表示結(jié)果意義的詞。 (6 )表示伴隨狀況和行為方式。 He came to my house, asking for help. ( = … and asked for h

24、elp ) 用-ing分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)必須注意兩點(diǎn)：1. -ing分詞 (短語(yǔ))的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ)。2.若-ing分詞(短語(yǔ))所表 示的動(dòng)作及句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或緊接著發(fā)生，則用-ing 分詞的一般式；若發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，則用-ing分詞的 完成式。 3. -ed分詞(過(guò)去分詞)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條 件、讓步和伴隨狀況，對(duì)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞加以修飾或說(shuō)明。 (1 )表示時(shí)間。 Seen from the top of the hill ( = When it is seen from the top of the hill ) , our

25、 city looks very beautiful. 說(shuō)明：(1)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，有時(shí)可把意義相當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞 放在-ed分詞短語(yǔ)之前，如上句可改寫成：When seen from the top of the hill, our city looks very beautiful. ( 2 ) -ed 分詞短語(yǔ)的 位置不一定都置于句首，有時(shí)也可置于句中或句末。 The dictionary, once published, will be very popular. (2 )表示原因。 Greatly moved by the teacher，s words ( = As he was

26、 greatly moved by the teachers words ) , the boy helped other students from then on. (3 )表示條件。 Compared with your progress ( = If my progress is compared with yours ) , mine is nothing. (4 )表示讓步。 Treated badly (= Though he was treated badly ) , the servant still worked for his owner. (5 )表示伴隨狀況

27、和行為方式。 He came back, extremely exhausted. ( =??? and he was extremely exhausted ) 說(shuō)明：-ed分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，沒有狀語(yǔ)從句及之相 對(duì)應(yīng)，但可以將這種狀語(yǔ)改寫成“and +分句”。 總結(jié)：從意義上看，不定式短語(yǔ)、-ing分詞短語(yǔ)和-ed分詞短語(yǔ)的 邏輯主語(yǔ)都是句子的主語(yǔ)。從時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)上看，不定式和-ing分詞短語(yǔ) 有一般式、完成式、主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式，而-ed分詞短語(yǔ)卻只有一種形式。 (3)形容詞作狀語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)在句中最常見的用法是作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓 語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但除此之外，英語(yǔ)形

28、容詞以及形容詞短語(yǔ)在句中 還有一個(gè)特殊用法，即作狀語(yǔ)，在句中往往可以起到并列分句或狀語(yǔ)從句 的功能。形容詞作狀語(yǔ)用時(shí)，在結(jié)構(gòu)上可以是單個(gè)形容詞，也可以是形容 詞短語(yǔ)，通常要用逗號(hào)將其和句子的其他部分分開；若單個(gè)形容詞直接位 于動(dòng)詞后面作方式狀語(yǔ)，則不需用逗號(hào)。作狀語(yǔ)的形容詞或短語(yǔ)在句中位 置比較靈活，通常位于句子主語(yǔ)前或句子主語(yǔ)后，有時(shí)位于句末，單個(gè)形 容詞作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)還可直接位于動(dòng)詞后面。當(dāng)形容詞或短語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之前 或句末時(shí)，通常具有較強(qiáng)的強(qiáng)調(diào)意義。作狀語(yǔ)的形容詞或短語(yǔ)在句中主要 用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明句子中的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，表示時(shí)間、 原因、讓步、結(jié)果、伴隨狀態(tài)或方式狀語(yǔ)等。 1

29、 .作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Ripe, these apples are sweet. 2 .作原因狀語(yǔ) Weary and discouraged, I didn t seem able to do anything r ight. 此句相當(dāng)于：Because I was weary and discouraged, I didn t seem able to do anything right. 3 .作讓步狀語(yǔ) Large or small, all countries are equal. 此句相當(dāng)于:Whether they are large or small, all coun

30、tries are equal. 4 .作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) He sat down beside Christina, propping his feet up on the r ailing, feeling the warmth of the sun against his face, able to relax for the first time in days. 此句相當(dāng)于：He sat down beside Christina, propping his feet up on the railing, feeling the warmth of the sun against hi

31、s f ace, and as a result he was able to relax for the first time in days. 5 .作伴隨性狀語(yǔ) They started the experiment, hopeful for success. 此句相當(dāng)于：They started the experiment and they were hopef ul for success. 6 .作方式狀語(yǔ) The horses are running wild all over the field. 此句相當(dāng)于：The horses are running fast

32、 all over the field as if they are wild. 形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，起到并列分句或狀語(yǔ)從句的 功能，因此，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常具有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即句子中的主語(yǔ)。然而, 當(dāng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)中含有其他的句子成分，其邏輯主語(yǔ)也有可能不是句子的主 語(yǔ)，而是句子中的其他名詞或代詞，通常是句子的賓語(yǔ)。此外，這種結(jié)構(gòu) 的邏輯主語(yǔ)也可能是整個(gè)句子。 (4)伴隨狀語(yǔ)用法 伴隨狀語(yǔ)定義：伴隨狀語(yǔ)是指狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作伴隨主句發(fā)生，它的特點(diǎn) 是：它所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而發(fā)生或存 在的。 He sat in the armchair, reading a

33、 newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里 讀報(bào)。 ②All night long he lay awaker thinking of the problem. 他整 夜躺在床上睡不著，思考著那個(gè)問題。 伴隨狀語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)的條件： 是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)發(fā)出兩個(gè)動(dòng)作或同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)處于兩種狀態(tài)，或同一 個(gè)主語(yǔ)發(fā)出一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)又伴隨有某一種狀態(tài)。伴隨狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一 般情況下必須是全句的主語(yǔ)，伴隨狀語(yǔ)及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。 伴隨狀語(yǔ)幾種表示方法： 一、使用分詞形式 The dog entered the room, following his master. The master en

34、tered the room, followed by his dog. 二、用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red. 三、用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day. 四、用形容詞 Crusoe went home, full of fear. Confident of the victory the players are fighting ha

35、rd. The match will be broadcast live. He left home young and came back old. 五、用名詞 He went away a beggar but returned a millionaire. 六、用介詞短語(yǔ) The girl came back to her mother in tears. I went home out of breath. 伴隨狀語(yǔ)的判斷 The dog entered the room, following his master. 一般在分 詞短語(yǔ)（現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng) 過(guò)去表被動(dòng)）前有

36、逗號(hào)的是伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 鞏固練習(xí)： 一、多項(xiàng)選擇題 1. had I arrived home , it began to rain. Which one is wrong? A. No sooner ??? than B. Hardly ???when C. Scarcely ??? when D. The moment ???when 2. You should have put the book you found it. A. where B. how C. when D. if 3. His friends don t like him he is handsome

37、 and succes sful. A. since B. for C. because D. as 4. The teacher raised his voice the students in the back could hear more clearly. Which one is wrong? A. so that B. for fear that C. in order that 5. was he excited D. in the hope that he couldn1 t sleep last night. A. such a ???that B

38、. To such a degree ???that C. so …that D. such …that 6. there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.which one is wrong? A. providing that B.provided that C. as/so long as D. unless 7. He won t listen you may say. A. whatever B. whenever C.however D. whichever 8. She is as as h

39、er mother. A. more beautiful B. much beautiful C.beautiful D.beautifuler 9. She behaves she were the boss. A. how B. the way C. as D. as if 10. (she is) free, she often goes shopping. A. Whenever B. after C.although D. though 二、完成句子 1. He went back home in a hurry, (被告矢 11) that his moth

40、er had passed away. (tell ) 2. The heavy rain has been raining for a week, （引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)洪水）.（cause） 3. （從山頂上看） , our school looks very beautiful. （ see） 4. （饑渴交力口），I didn t seem able to d o anything right, （thirsty, hungry） 5. I will （把你們平安地送至ll） in Liver pool, （land） 參考答案： 多項(xiàng)選擇題：1-10DACBB/DACDA 完成句子：1- （only） to be told 2. causing a flood 3. seen from the top of the hill 4. Thirsty and hungry 5. land you safe 20 / 20