新型可逆反擊式破碎機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),新型,可逆,反擊,破碎,設(shè)計(jì) 理工科類 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告 論文(設(shè)計(jì))題目 新型可逆反擊式破碎機(jī) 作者所在系別 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 作者所在專業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制 說 明 1．根據(jù)學(xué)校《畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作暫行規(guī)定》，學(xué)生必須撰寫《畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告》。開題報(bào)告作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）答辯委員會對學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。 2．開題報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下，由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見及所在專業(yè)教研室論證審查后生效。開題報(bào)告不合格者需重做。 3．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是，逐條認(rèn)真填寫。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言通順，外來語要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫詞，須注出全稱。 4．開題報(bào)告中除最后一頁外均由學(xué)生填寫，填寫各欄目時(shí)可根據(jù)內(nèi)容另加附頁。 5．閱讀的主要參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)在10篇以上（土建類專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)篇數(shù)可酌減），其中外文資料應(yīng)占一定比例。本學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)和專業(yè)課教材一般不應(yīng)列為參考資料。 6．參考文獻(xiàn)的書寫應(yīng)遵循畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫規(guī)范要求。 7．開題報(bào)告應(yīng)與文獻(xiàn)綜述、一篇外文譯文和外文原文復(fù)印件同時(shí)提交，文獻(xiàn)綜述的撰寫格式按畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫規(guī)范的要求，字?jǐn)?shù)在2000字左右。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 課題來源 課題名稱 新型可逆反擊式破碎機(jī) 本設(shè)計(jì)的科學(xué)依據(jù) （科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用前景，國內(nèi)外研究概況，目前技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、水平和發(fā)展趨勢等） 經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，社會的不斷進(jìn)步，自然砂卻日益減少?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的人們要求在滿足國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，也要向著綠色環(huán)保之路發(fā)展。從而使得破碎機(jī)的用途和使用范圍越來越廣，特別是立軸沖擊式破碎機(jī)在工業(yè)和建筑上的應(yīng)用，也更加的明顯和不可缺少?！　? 反擊式破碎機(jī)是利用物料進(jìn)入破碎腔后與高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的板錘撞擊而破碎物料的原理。破碎機(jī)被廣泛用于冶金、礦山、煤炭、水利、建筑、建材、環(huán)保和化工等行業(yè)，由于物料的物理性質(zhì)和結(jié)構(gòu)的差異很大，為了適應(yīng)各種物料的要求，破碎機(jī)的品種也是五花八門。的選用了。針對反擊式破碎機(jī)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、重量輕、造價(jià)低廉、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)、高效節(jié)能等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，破碎中硬性石灰石等材料是選用了它。但其仍有許多不足，例如在破碎過程中板錘，反擊板等工件的磨損過快，特別是破碎堅(jiān)硬物料時(shí)更為嚴(yán)重。為了解決這些不足點(diǎn)，合理的為板錘，反擊板等工件選擇耐磨、耐沖擊式材料以及幾何形狀是非常必要的。因此解決反擊板、板錘等部件的不足，才能使反擊式破碎機(jī)造價(jià)更加廉價(jià)、使用壽命更加長、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更加平穩(wěn)。近年來我國在破碎機(jī)械的研究取得了巨大成績,但技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)卻與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比仍存在一定差距；為了縮小與國外的差距，我國破碎機(jī)正向以下幾個(gè)方面發(fā)展：?為了節(jié)能以及提高破碎機(jī)的生產(chǎn)效率，提出了“多碎少磨”的技術(shù)原則。這使破碎機(jī)向細(xì)碎、粉碎和高效節(jié)能方向發(fā)展。?隨著我國工業(yè)自動化的發(fā)展,破碎機(jī)也向自動化方向邁進(jìn)(如國外產(chǎn)品已實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)電液一體化、連續(xù)檢測,并自動調(diào)節(jié)給料速率、排礦口尺寸及破碎力等)。?隨著我國開采規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,破碎機(jī)也在向大型化發(fā)展,如粗碎旋回破碎機(jī)的處理能力已達(dá)6000t/h。 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和預(yù)期成果 （具體設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和重點(diǎn)解決的技術(shù)問題、預(yù)期成果和提供的形式） 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容: 反擊式破碎機(jī)是采石場中對石料進(jìn)行破碎及整形的一種設(shè)備。要求針對這一形式的破碎機(jī)，對進(jìn)料組件及基座的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。 立軸沖擊破碎機(jī)的生產(chǎn)工況：玄武巖整形。 破碎前石料密度：1.8噸/m3 入料粒度：<5cm 入料通過量：380噸/小時(shí) 轉(zhuǎn)子的回轉(zhuǎn)速度：1400r/min-1800r/min 1、對受料倉的要求：順暢進(jìn)料，并能根據(jù)工況要求進(jìn)行進(jìn)料量的調(diào)節(jié)。 2、對支撐架的要求：電機(jī)安放簡便，足夠的強(qiáng)度及剛度。 預(yù)期成果： 1. 對反擊式破碎機(jī)動力箱及落料腔總體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)并繪制總體裝配圖 2.盡量選取輕型材料，使整機(jī)盡量輕便。 關(guān)鍵問題： 1、可逆反擊式破碎機(jī)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 2、動力傳遞部分-主軸箱及落料腔部分的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 3、主軸的精度要求設(shè)計(jì)：回轉(zhuǎn)精度盡量高些，與轉(zhuǎn)子的配合對中性要好，壽命長。 4、驅(qū)動電機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算，轉(zhuǎn)子回轉(zhuǎn)速度: 1400r/min-1800r/min；其中：動力傳遞部分-主軸箱及落料腔部分的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)是本次設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)。 提供的形式： 1.查閱國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，完成所承擔(dān)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的開題報(bào)告。 2.設(shè)計(jì)圖A01.5張（暫定）包括：總圖，部件圖，主要零件圖。 3.撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書。 擬采取設(shè)計(jì)方法和技術(shù)支持 （設(shè)計(jì)方案、技術(shù)要求、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和步驟、可能遇到的問題和解決辦法等） 擬采取設(shè)計(jì)方法： 它由簡體、襯板和轉(zhuǎn)子等所組成。轉(zhuǎn)子由錘頭、轉(zhuǎn)盤、套筒、主軸組成。主軸上裝數(shù)層轉(zhuǎn)盤，錘頭位于轉(zhuǎn)盤的問隔內(nèi)，并用銷軸與轉(zhuǎn)盤鉸接。相鄰兩層錘頭錯(cuò)位安裝，而形成螺旋排列。工作時(shí)，物料從給料斗進(jìn)入，自由落到轉(zhuǎn)盤上，隨著電動機(jī)經(jīng)v帶輪7驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)子高速旋轉(zhuǎn)，物料被甩向簡體內(nèi)壁，然后沿著筒壁下落與高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的錘頭相遇受到?jīng)_擊破碎，擊碎后的物料飛向筒壁，從而又一次或數(shù)次受到?jīng)_擊而破碎。同時(shí)，錘頭還于沿筒壁下落物料產(chǎn)生擠壓和研磨作用．由丁主軸上裝有多層轉(zhuǎn)盤及錘頭，故物料叫經(jīng)過多次沖擊、擠壓、研磨作用，其產(chǎn)品粒度小于1-3mm．粉碎后的產(chǎn)品從機(jī)體底部周邊攤出。 技術(shù)要求： 1.通過去圖書館查閱資料和網(wǎng)上查找一些相關(guān)知識來了解一些破碎機(jī)外部結(jié)構(gòu)的計(jì)算。 2.通過對以前破碎機(jī)的觀察和分析，了解一些破碎機(jī)的內(nèi)部構(gòu)造及破碎機(jī)的運(yùn)行模式。 3.通過向老師咨詢和交流，解決一些原理上和結(jié)構(gòu)上的一些難題。 實(shí)現(xiàn)本項(xiàng)目預(yù)期目標(biāo)和已具備的條件 （包括過去學(xué)習(xí)、研究工作基礎(chǔ)，現(xiàn)有主要儀器設(shè)備、設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境及協(xié)作條件等） 預(yù)期目標(biāo)： 1、新型可逆反擊式破碎機(jī)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 2、動力傳遞部分-主軸箱及落料腔部分的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 已具備條件： 1．通過大學(xué)期間的學(xué)習(xí)，對機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方面的知識有了一定的儲備， 學(xué)習(xí)過《工程圖學(xué)》、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》等課程。多次的課程設(shè)計(jì)也讓我們設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn) 2.掌握Solidworks、CAD等三維設(shè)計(jì)軟件的使用方法。 3.在圖書館和網(wǎng)上查閱相關(guān)資料。 各環(huán)節(jié)擬定階段性工作進(jìn)度 (以周為單位) 1.1-4周 查閱資料，完成開題報(bào)告、文獻(xiàn)綜述、外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯。開題報(bào)告的審閱。 2.5-8周 可逆反擊式破碎機(jī)動力箱及落料總體機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)并繪制總體裝配。 3.9-10周 設(shè)計(jì)破碎機(jī)的動力箱，并繪制零部件圖 4.4-11周 設(shè)計(jì)破碎機(jī)的落料腔及其附件 5.11-13周 對關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 6. 13-15周 整理最后資料，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文。準(zhǔn)備答辯 開 題 報(bào) 告 審 定 紀(jì) 要 時(shí) 間 地點(diǎn) 主持人 參 會 教 師 姓 名 職 務(wù)（職 稱） 姓 名 職 務(wù)（職 稱） 論 證 情 況 摘 要 記錄人： 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 意 見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日 教 研 室 意 見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 密 級 分類號 編 號 成 績 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文) 外 文 翻 譯 原 文 標(biāo) 題 Development survey of roller type breaker ,impact type breaker and hammer type breaker 譯 文 標(biāo) 題 輥式破碎機(jī)、沖擊式和錘式破碎機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 作者所在系別 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 作者所在專業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化 作者所在班級 B13113 作 者 姓 名 關(guān)在輝 作 者 學(xué) 號 20134011325 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 段新豪 指導(dǎo)教師職稱 教授 完 成 時(shí) 間 2017 年 3 月 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制 譯文標(biāo)題 輥式破碎機(jī)、沖擊式和錘式破碎機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 原文標(biāo)題 Development survey of roller type breaker ,impacttype breaker and hammer type breaker 作 者 Toskins,josiah 譯 名 霍思金斯，喬賽亞 國 籍 美國 原文出處 http://www.mapeng.net/news/mechanical_English_article/2008/12/mapen_08121123512175_7.html 譯文： 輥式破碎機(jī)、沖擊式破碎機(jī)和錘式破碎機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 摘要： 輥式破碎機(jī)、沖擊式破碎機(jī)和錘式破碎機(jī)的應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛，能對各種不同硬度的、粘度和濕度都較大的物料進(jìn)行粗碎、中碎和細(xì)碎。特別值得指出的是這幾種破碎機(jī)的破碎效率高，能耗小。目前的輥式破碎機(jī)、沖擊式破碎機(jī)和錘式破碎機(jī)在設(shè)計(jì)、制造和應(yīng)用上都取得了一些新的進(jìn)展。 關(guān)鍵詞：破碎機(jī)發(fā)展 英國Babbitless(GB)公司制造了一種破碎比高、能耗低的Dragon沖擊式破碎機(jī)。該機(jī)的系列產(chǎn)品有：PS10.05(轉(zhuǎn)子為1 0.5)，PS10.10(11)，PS12.13(1.21.3)三種規(guī)格。 該公司制造的這種沖擊式破碎機(jī)可用于破碎白云石、硅質(zhì)石灰?guī)r等礦石，但不能破碎濕度和粘性都很大的物料。給料粒度為65～150。實(shí)際上，該機(jī)最適合破碎塊狀物料，不適合破碎片狀物料。破碎產(chǎn)品粒度在40以下，生產(chǎn)能力為15～150。 該公司還制造了13種可逆轉(zhuǎn)的沖擊式破碎機(jī)。允許的給料粒度達(dá)380，生產(chǎn)能力超過600。 該公司還生產(chǎn)了6種規(guī)格的輥式破碎機(jī)，生產(chǎn)能力為35～195，產(chǎn)品粒度為6～50。 英國Groft Barmac公司制造的Rotopactor破碎機(jī)， 是一種具有獨(dú)特形式的三級沖擊式破碎機(jī)。破碎作業(yè)時(shí)，物料以一定的加速度進(jìn)入破碎腔內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)子與側(cè)壁之間，從而產(chǎn)生沖擊破碎。物料的輸送是從料斗經(jīng)中央分配器送到破碎腔內(nèi)快速旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子上的。破碎產(chǎn)品落入排料槽內(nèi)。破碎腔的磨損很小，但對破碎區(qū)域還是要進(jìn)行專門的耐磨保護(hù)。轉(zhuǎn)子的通路要襯裝碳化鎢導(dǎo)向板，從而破碎腔的上部和底部要安裝鑄造襯板。轉(zhuǎn)子的表面硬度要求極高。這種破碎機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子，可用2個(gè)或3個(gè)部件組成兩種型式的轉(zhuǎn)子。 該公司生產(chǎn)的這種破碎機(jī)系列有五種規(guī)格。驅(qū)動功率為75～500馬力，生產(chǎn)能力可高達(dá)250。這種破碎機(jī)的驅(qū)動機(jī)可以進(jìn)行改型，機(jī)器的結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為閉式和開式。 Groft公司最近安裝使用的一臺MⅢ型破碎機(jī)，裝有雙驅(qū)動裝置和兩臺200馬力的電動機(jī)，其生產(chǎn)率超過200。MⅠ型破碎機(jī)是一種小型破碎機(jī)，生產(chǎn)率為50。 美國Eagle公司制造的Maxim多籠式破碎機(jī)，用于破碎混合物料。在每種多籠式破碎機(jī)中，都有以相反方向旋轉(zhuǎn)的(沿直線和中心給料點(diǎn))2、4或6個(gè)同心籠室。每個(gè)籠室都有一排沖擊破碎棒。破碎產(chǎn)品的粒度從20到200網(wǎng)目。這種破碎機(jī)有三種規(guī)格，破碎生產(chǎn)率為7～30、15～60和30～110。 英國GEC公司制造的Dyad雙轉(zhuǎn)子擺動錘式破碎機(jī)，生產(chǎn)能力高達(dá)1000。 西德Hazemag公司制造的Hazemag型沖擊破碎機(jī)。由英國Peabody Holmes公司銷售到整個(gè)英國的采石場。APP2030型粗碎機(jī)和APKM1630型中碎機(jī)是兩種大型的沖擊式破碎機(jī)，現(xiàn)已交付英國采石場使用。兩臺設(shè)備的合同價(jià)格是125英鎊（合同中包括供給的電力驅(qū)動裝置、專用的速度控制設(shè)備和能量回收裝置）。 目前已有數(shù)百臺Hazemag沖擊式破碎機(jī)在石灰石和其他礦山上使用。其中大多數(shù)破碎生產(chǎn)能力都超過了500。 美國Hewitt-Robins公司正在生產(chǎn)雙輥式和三輥式破碎機(jī)、沖擊式破碎機(jī)及錘式破碎機(jī)。雙輥式破碎機(jī)用于處理量大的作業(yè)，其生產(chǎn)能力超過810，該機(jī)采用了液壓破碎輥裝置、過載保護(hù)彈簧和橡膠輪驅(qū)動方式。該公司生產(chǎn)的24英寸48英寸三輥兩端洗煤用破碎機(jī)，具有較小的破碎輥液壓裝置和皮帶輪驅(qū)動裝置。生產(chǎn)能力（破碎產(chǎn)品粒度為2英寸時(shí)）可達(dá)320。 Hewitt-Robins沖擊式破碎機(jī)，是一種效率高、破碎比大的沖擊式破碎機(jī)。其規(guī)格分別為36英寸54英寸和48英寸66英寸。該機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力取決于格篩的通孔的尺寸，當(dāng)格篩通孔尺寸為3.5英寸時(shí)，其生產(chǎn)能力可達(dá)900。 該公司還制造兩種規(guī)格的錘式破碎機(jī)，即：36英寸32英寸和48英寸32英寸，其格篩的格條和間距都是可調(diào)的。這種錘式破碎機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力可達(dá)190，轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)為1350。而特殊高速大型錘式破碎機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)為1800。 西德KHD Humboldt Wedag AG公司制造多種型號的沖擊式破碎機(jī)。PEG型沖擊式破碎機(jī)是用來粗碎像石灰石和石膏之類的礦物。該機(jī)有9種規(guī)格，其生產(chǎn)能力可達(dá)1650，給料粒度可達(dá)1.6，產(chǎn)品粒度為0～15。該公司制造的PEF型沖擊式破碎機(jī)的給料粒度很小，可達(dá)0.75，產(chǎn)品粒度為0～44。該公司還制造了用于碎煤作業(yè)的PEK型沖擊式破碎機(jī)，還有10中規(guī)格，最大生產(chǎn)能力達(dá)2000，給料粒度達(dá)0.75。KHD公司制造的WB25型雙輥破碎機(jī)，適用于破碎中等硬度物料。該機(jī)裝有與機(jī)架相連接的雙曲柄（肘板）裝置，從而保證了破碎力的合理分布。這種破碎機(jī)直徑為1.25，寬度為3，能破碎中等硬度的物料，其給料粒度為250，產(chǎn)品粒度為75，生產(chǎn)能力為2223。破碎機(jī)格篩的間隙可以通過機(jī)械方式調(diào)節(jié)，并裝有過載保護(hù)裝置。 蘇聯(lián)Machinoexport公司生產(chǎn)的沖擊式破碎機(jī)，用于破碎中等硬度的耐磨礦石。這種破碎機(jī)需要的驅(qū)動功率小，但破碎比大。該公司還制造用于粗碎、中碎和細(xì)碎多種型式的轉(zhuǎn)子式破碎機(jī)，有SMD-85A和SMD-86A；SMD-75和SMD-94A.這兩種轉(zhuǎn)子式破碎機(jī)都是單轉(zhuǎn)子破碎機(jī)。液壓裝置是用來釋放不可破碎的物料和在破碎腔堵塞時(shí)進(jìn)行卸載的。 該公司制造的DDZW-1512型雙齒輥破碎機(jī)，用于破碎強(qiáng)度高達(dá)200的物料，其破碎生產(chǎn)能力為50～150。齒輥可以是鈍刃型或者是平緩的椎體型，鈍刃型齒輥的允許給料粒度大。該機(jī)裝有間隙調(diào)節(jié)裝置和輥?zhàn)訌椥员Ｗo(hù)裝置。 美國Mclanahan公司最近生產(chǎn)了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型、中型和特大型二段三輥破碎機(jī)。一臺二段三輥破碎機(jī)能代替兩臺獨(dú)立的破碎機(jī)所能完成的破碎作業(yè)。這種破碎機(jī)可將原煤或其他物料破碎到15以下。該公司制造的單輥破碎機(jī)，用于破碎巖石、礦石、碎石、煤和硬油母頁巖特別有效。對于粘性高或濕度大的物料，其產(chǎn)品粒度比沖擊式破碎機(jī)的產(chǎn)品粒度還要細(xì)。二段三輥破碎機(jī)的破碎輥在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)速度下，生產(chǎn)能力為75～600。 該公司制造的Mclanahan旋轉(zhuǎn)碎煤機(jī)，裝有鉆孔篩板，用于破碎軟煤餓中等硬度的煤，生產(chǎn)能力非常大。該機(jī)的特點(diǎn)是驅(qū)動輪和筒體間具有非常精確的同心度。筒體內(nèi)裝有耐磨襯板，筒體兩端為無阻力的給料端頭和卸料端頭。該機(jī)能在一次運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè)中同時(shí)完成破碎和篩分兩個(gè)作業(yè)。 美國Mcnally Pittsburg公司制造專門用于破碎塊煤的碎煤機(jī)——“Gearmatic”雙輥破碎機(jī)、重型雙輥破碎機(jī)、旋轉(zhuǎn)破碎機(jī)、二段四輥Gearmatic破碎機(jī)和單輥破碎機(jī)。Gearmatic破碎機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是：采用Mcnally公司研制的抗拉強(qiáng)度很高的齒輪傳動裝置，為防塵而采用了良好的密封裝置。當(dāng)破碎機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)，可改變動輥的位置來調(diào)節(jié)產(chǎn)品的粒度。該公司制造的二段四輥破碎機(jī)是由兩臺雙輥破碎機(jī)組裝而成的。 盧森堡Mecan-Arbed公司制造的大型Arbed齒輥破碎機(jī)，用于粗碎或中碎作業(yè)，破碎脆性或中硬物料（且含濕度大和粘性高的物料）。該公司制造的齒輥破碎機(jī)共有13種規(guī)格，最小型的齒輥破碎機(jī)，驅(qū)動功率為237，其生產(chǎn)能力為150～200，產(chǎn)品粒度為50；最大型齒輥破碎機(jī)，驅(qū)動功率為2600，生產(chǎn)能力為2400～3000，產(chǎn)品粒度為300～400。 西德QK公司制造的Mammut破碎機(jī)，是一種單轉(zhuǎn)子錘式破碎機(jī)，適用于單輥粗碎中硬到堅(jiān)硬的石灰石和水泥原料。這種破碎機(jī)共有12種規(guī)格：給料粒度為0～25，驅(qū)動功率為100～3500。該公司制造的Titan破碎機(jī)，所能破碎的物料類似于Mammut型破碎機(jī)，但給料粒度為1200～2300，生產(chǎn)能力為220～1200，驅(qū)動功率為2170～2900。 該公司制造的沖擊式破碎機(jī)，有18種規(guī)格。最大給料粒度為400～1600，生產(chǎn)能力為20～1800，破碎產(chǎn)品粒度為0～150，驅(qū)動功率為22～2000。 該公司制造的HBK型錘式破碎機(jī)，主要用于破碎筑路工程需要的碎石（中硬到堅(jiān)硬）。 QK公司制造的中碎錘式破碎機(jī)，有10種規(guī)格，用于破碎軟到中硬物料或粗碎水泥原料，電動機(jī)功率為30～400，破碎生產(chǎn)率為20～280。 捷克Pragoinvest公司制造8種規(guī)格的OKD型沖擊式錘式破碎機(jī)，用于破碎生產(chǎn)率高，破碎比也大。OKD破碎機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是，在大型轉(zhuǎn)子上面具有巨大的破碎腔。通過破碎錘的旋轉(zhuǎn)，將物料拋射到破碎腔壁上，使其受沖擊而破碎。未被破碎的大塊物料落入出料口處的格篩上，再次受沖擊而破碎。 這種破碎機(jī)采用了液壓控制系統(tǒng)，在破碎機(jī)的后部排料口處裝有格篩和用于拆卸與安裝破碎錘的液壓裝置。 西德PHB-Weserhutte（PWH）公司制造的單輥和雙輥破碎機(jī)，其破碎輥可以是平滑的光輥，或是在碎輥上刻槽，并裝有破碎齒。這種破碎機(jī)用于破碎中硬或是軟物料。 該公司制造的PWH單轉(zhuǎn)子錘式破碎機(jī)，也是用于破碎軟到中硬物料的，并且有很高的破碎比，可使破碎產(chǎn)品的粒度小于3。 澳大利亞Voest-Alpine公司制造兩種型式的雙輥破碎機(jī)。一種裝有調(diào)節(jié)破碎輥間隙的機(jī)械裝置和彈性卸載輥。兩種型式的破碎機(jī)都可以根據(jù)不同的需要，分別安裝上平輥、波紋輥和齒形輥。第一種機(jī)型用于破碎石灰石、石膏、珍珠巖等物料；第二種機(jī)型用于破碎硬的鐵礦石、燒結(jié)石、爐渣和焦炭等物料。 該公司制造的Sand破碎機(jī)適用于破碎比大的場合。該公司還制造了重型中碎機(jī)，用于破碎卵石或難碎的巖石。 Voest-Alpine公司還制造了一種Centro破碎機(jī)，該機(jī)裝有高速透平式轉(zhuǎn)子。用于細(xì)粒礫石的破碎，產(chǎn)品粒度為50。該機(jī)由上部集中給料，物料向剛性破碎腔壁方向運(yùn)動。轉(zhuǎn)子具有磨損量最小的結(jié)構(gòu)和最佳的破碎效果。生產(chǎn)能力約為50，這種破碎機(jī)，適用于破碎0~5粒級占80%的砂石。該機(jī)有兩種規(guī)格：12501250和16001600，驅(qū)動功率為5575。 附錄： Development survey of roller type breaker, impact type breaker and hammer type breaker Abstract： The roller type breaker, the impact type breaker and the hammer type breaker application scope is extremely widespread, can to each kind of different degree of hardness, the viscosity and the humidity all big material carries on thick garrulous, is garrulous and is in broken bits. This kind of crusher stave efficiency is especially high, the energy consumption is small. At present overseas in the roller type breaker, the impact type breaker and in the hammer type breaker design, the manufacture and the application has all made some new progress. Keywords: Crusher development English Babbitless (GB) Corporation has made one kind of stave scaled height of burst, the energy consumption low Dragon impact type breaker. This machine series product includes: PS10.05 (rotor is 10.5), PS10.10 (11), PS12.13 (1.21.3) three kinds of specifications. This company makes this kind of impact type breaker available in stave dolomite, ore and so on silicon nature limestone, but cannot break the humidity and the coherent all very big material. For the material granularity is 65~150.In fact, this machine most suits the stave massive material, does not suit the stave laminated material. The stave product granularity below 40, productivity is 15~150. This company has also made the impact type breaker which 13 kinds may reverse. The permission amounts to 380 for the material granularity, productivity surpasses for 600. This company also has produced 6 kinds of specifications type breaker, productivity is 35~195, the product granularity is 6~50. English Groft Barmac Corporation makes the Rotopactor breaker, is one kind has the unique form three levels of impact type breaker. When stave work, the material enters in the stave cavity by certain acceleration between the rotor and the sidewall, thus has the impact to be staving. The material transportation is delivers in the stave cavity from the hopper after the central divider on the fast revolving rotor. The stave product falls in the dump trough. The stave cavity attrition is very small, but must carry on the special wear-resisting protection to the stave region. The rotor circuit must lining the attire tungsten carbide guidance board, thus stave cavity upside and the base must install the casting backing. The rotor skin hardness request is extremely high. This kind of breaker rotor, available 2 or 3 parts compose two patterns the rotors. This company produces this kind of breaker series has five kinds of specifications. The actuation power is 75~500 horsepower, productivity may reach as high as for 250. This kind of breaker drive may carry on the modification; the machine structural style divides into the enclosed type and the opens type. Croft Corporation recently installed the use the MⅢ breaker, which is loaded with the double drives and two 200 horsepower electric motors,its productivity surpasses for 200. The MⅠbreaker is one kind of small breaker, the productivity is 50. American Eagle Corporation makes the Maxim multi-cage type breaker, which is used in mixing the material stave. In each kind of cage type breaker, all has by reverse direction revolving (gives material along straight line and center) 2, 4 or 6 concentric cage rooms. Each cage room all has a row of impact stave stick. Stave product granularity from 20 to 200 meshes. This kind of breaker has three kinds of specifications, the stave productivity is 7~30 tons/hour, 15~60 and 30~110. English GEC Corporation makes the Dyad double rotors swinging hammer type breaker, productivity reaches as high as for 1000. West German Hazemag Corporation makes Hazemag impact breaker. Corporation sells the entire England's quarry from English Peabody Holmes. The APP2030 bulldozer and the APKM1630 intermediate crusher are two kinds of large-scale impact type breakers, presently pays the English quarry use. Two equipment contract prices are 125 pounds (in contract including supplies electric drive equipment, special-purpose speed control equipment and energy recycling installment). At present several hundreds Hazemag impact type breakers have been used in the limestone and other mines. In which majority breakers productivity has all surpassed for 500. American Hewitt-Robins Corporation is producing the double rolls type and three rolls type breaker, the impact type breaker and the hammer type breaker. The double rolls type breaker is used in the process load big work, its productivity surpasses for 810, this machine has used the hydraulic pressure crushing roller installment, and the over-load protection spring and the oak rubber tire drive type. This company produces 24 inches48 inches three rolls both sides coal washing used the breaker, and has the small crushing roller hydraulic unit and the belt pulley drive. Productivity (stave product granularity is when 2 inches) may amount to for 320 . The Hewitt-Robins impact type breaker is one kind of high efficiency, big the reduction ratio impact type breaker. Its specification respectively is 36 inches54 inches and 48 inches66 inches. This machine productivity is decided by the riddle through whole size. When the riddle clear size of opening is 3.5 inches, its productivity may amount to for 900. This company also makes two kinds of specifications the hammer type breakers, namely: 36 inches 32 inches and 48 inches32 inches, its riddle lattice bar and the spacing all are adjustable. This kind of hammer type breaker productivity may amount to for 190, the rotation is 1350. But the special high speed large-scale hammer type breaker rotation is 1800. West German KHD Humboldt Wedge AG Corporation makes many kinds of the impact type breakers. The PEG impact type breaker is used for the thick garrulous as like limestone, the gypsum and so on mineral. This machine has 9 kinds of specifications, and its productivity may up to 1650, may amount to 1.6 for the material granularity, the product granularity is 0~15. This company makes the PEF impact type breaker is very small for the material granularity, may amount to 0.75, and the product granularity is 0~44. This company also made the PEK impact type breaker used in the pulverized coal work, and some 10 specifications, biggest productivity amounted to for 2000, amounted to 0.75 for the material granularity. KHD Corporation makes the WB25 double rolls breaker, is suitable for the stave medium degree of hardness material. This machine is loaded with the double crank which connects with the rack (wrist plate) to install, thus has guaranteed the stave strength reasonable distribution. This kind of breaker diameter is 1.25, the width is 3, can break the medium degree of hardness material, it gives the material granularity is 250, the product granularity is 75, productivity is 2223. The breaker riddle gap may through the mechanical way adjustment, and is loaded with the over-load protection. Soviet Machinoexport Corporation produces the impact type breaker, is used for the stave medium degree of hardness the wear-resisting ore. This kind of breaker needs the actuation power is small, but the reduction ratio is big. This company also makes many kinds of pattern rotor type breaker which is used in thick garrulous, garrulous and broken bits, having SMD-85A and SMD-86A; SMD-75 and the SMD-94A. These two kinds of rotor type breakers are both the single rotor breaker. The hydraulic unit is the material and when the stave cavity jamming which is used for to release cannot break carries on the unloading. The DDZW-1512 double pin rolls breaker is made by the company is used in the stave intensity reaching as high as 200 mega bars materials, and its stave productivity is 50~150. The pin roll may be the obtuse edge or is the gentle centrums; the obtuse edge pin roll gives the material granularity to be big. This machine is loaded with the gap adjusting device and the roll abounds elasticity protective device. American Mclanahan Corporation has produced the standard type recently, medium and the extra large type two sections and three roller s breaker.A two sections of three rollers stave function replaces the stave work which two independent breakers can complete. This kind of breaker may break the raw coal or other materials down to 15. This company makes the single roll breaker which is used for the stave rock, the ore, the crushed stone, the coal and the hard oil shale is especially effective. For coherency high or humidity big material, its product fineness compared with impact type breaker product granularity must be thinner. Under the standard speed, the crushing roller of the two sections and three rollers breaker, of which productivity is 75～600. This company makes the Mclanahan revolving coal breaker, which is loaded with the drill hole lamina crib Rosa, using in the stave apple coal hungry medium degree of hardness the coal, and the productivity is extremely big. This machine characteristic is the driving gear and the tube bodies have the extremely precise concentricity. Tube in vivo is loaded with the wear-resisting backing, and the tube body both sides give the material reason and the ex-dinning reason for the non resistance. This function simultaneously completes breaks and sieves two parts in a revolution work. American Mcnally Pittsburg Corporation makes the stave lump coal specially the coal breaker —— “Geomantic” the double rolls breaker, the heavy double rolls breaker, the revolving breaker, two sections of four roller Geomantic breaker and the single roll breaker. The Geomantic breaker unique feature is: Using tensile strength very high gear which Mcnally Corporation develops, for dustproof has used the good packing assembly. When the breaker moves, can change the position of the action roller to adjust the product the granularity. This company makes two sections of four rollers breaker is made by two double rolls breaker assembly. Luxembourg Mecan-Arbed Corporation makes the large-scale Abed pin roll breaker, used in thick garrulous or the garrulous work, stave brittleness or hard material (also moisture content big and coherent high material).This company makes the pin roll breaker together with 13 kinds of specifications. The smallest pin roll breaker, of which actuation power is 237, and its productivity is 150~200, the product granularity is 50. The actuation power of the largest-scale pin roll breaker is 2600, and productivity is 2400~3000, and the product granularity is 300~400. The Mammoth breaker made by the West German QK Corporation is one kind of single rotor hammer type breaker, and is suitable in the single roll thick garrulous hardly to the hard limestone and cement raw material. This kind of breaker altogether has 12 kinds of specifications: For the material granularity is 0～25, the actuation power is 100～3500. The Titan breaker made by this company, can break the material is similar to the Mammoth breaker, but gives the material granularity is 1200～2300, and productivity is 220～1200, and the actuation power is 2170～2900. This company makes impact type breaker has 18 kinds of specifications. Giving the material granularity is most greatly 400～1600, and productivity is 20～1800, and the stave product granularity is 0～150, and the actuation power is 22～2000. The HBK hammer type breaker made by this company mainly is used in the crushed stone which the stave road building project needs (hardly to hard). QK Corporation makes the garrulous hammer type breaker have 10 kinds of specifications, using in stave as the hard material or thick garrulous cement raw material, and the electric motor power are 30～400, and the stave productivity is 20～280. Czechoslovakian Pragoinvest Corporation making 8 kinds of specifications the OKD impact type hammer type breakers, is used in the stave productivity being high, the reduction ratio is also big. The OKD breaker structure characteristic is, having the giant stave cavity above the large-scale rotor. Through stave hammer revolving, project the material to the stave cavity wall on, and cause it to attack stave. The bulk material which has not been broken falls down the discharge hole place riddle, attacking stave once more. This kind of breaker been used the hydraulic control system, is loaded with the riddle in the breaker behind dump mouth place and used in disassembling with installing the stave hammer the hydraulic unit. West German PHB-Weserhutte(PWH) Corporation makes the single roll and the double rolls breaker, and its crushing roller may be the smooth roll, perhaps on the garrulous roller the chamfer, and is loaded with the stave tooth. This kind of breaker is used in stave hard or the soft material. The PWH single rotor hammer type breaker of the company also is used in stave as softly as the hard material, and has the very high reduction ratio, and may cause the stave product the granularity to be smaller than 3 millimeters. Australian Voest-Alpine Corporation makes two patterns the double rolls breaker. One kind is loaded with the adjustment crushing roller gap mechanism and the elastic unloading roller. Two pattern breakers both may accord the different need, installing the first tone roller, the ripple roller and the serrated roller separately. The first type is used in stave materials and so on limestone, gypsum, pearlier; The second type is used in stave hard materials and so on iron ore, fever stone, slag and coke. This company making the Sand breaker is suitable for the reduction ratio big situation. This company has also made the heavy intermediate crusher, using in the stave pebbles or the difficult garrulous rock. Voest-Alpine Corporation has also made one kind of Centro breaker, and this machine is loaded with the high speed turbine type rotor, which is used in the grit gravel stave, and the product granularity is 50. This machine concentrates by upside giving the material, and the material to the rigid stave cavity wall direction movement. The rotor has the wearing capacity smallest structure and the best stave effect. Productivity is about 50 tons/hour, this kind of breaker, is suitable in the stave 0～5 grade occupies 80% sand and crushed stone. This machine has two kinds of specifications: 12501250 and 16001600, the actuation power is 5575. 9 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評 語 外文翻譯成績： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 注：1. 指導(dǎo)教師對譯文進(jìn)行評閱時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：①翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻(xiàn)列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的參考文獻(xiàn)；②翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000字以上）；③譯文語言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價(jià)值。 2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。