《2020高中英語(yǔ)人教版 選修9教師用書(shū)：Unit 1 階段質(zhì)量檢測(cè) B卷 能力素養(yǎng)提升 Word版含答案》由會(huì)員分享，可在線(xiàn)閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020高中英語(yǔ)人教版 選修9教師用書(shū)：Unit 1 階段質(zhì)量檢測(cè) B卷 能力素養(yǎng)提升 Word版含答案（15頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料 B卷　能力素養(yǎng)提升 【說(shuō)明】　本試卷滿(mǎn)分120分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘 Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分) A After spending 13 years raising three boys, Stephanie Connolly wanted to get back into the workforce, but she was worried that her computer skills were obsolete. Not only was the long employment break a concern, but

2、 she had never used Microsoft Office programs. Her last employer had only used WordPerfect. A year later, Connolly is so skilled in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint that she is helping others, and has just completed a fixed amount of work as a teaching assistant in a computer class. She’s also on the j

3、ob hunt, armed with a new resume (簡(jiǎn)歷), interview skills, and the latest knowledge of how to conduct Internet job searches, fill out Webbased applications, and upload resumes. “I can walk through the doors of the company and feel very confident. The course instructors have given that to me，” said Co

4、nnolly, who owed her development to classes offered by the Harvard Allston Workforce Development Collaboration (HAWDC)．The collaboration is part of a series of programs, and neighborhood improvements that began with an agreement reached between Harvard University and the city of Boston five years ag

5、o. The agreement grew out of discussions between the University and the city over the construction of Harvard’s science Complex in Allston. Although the construction paused in 2009, the implementation (實(shí)施) of the nonconstructionrelated aspects of the agreement has continued. What has meant to th

6、e neighbors is the opening of the Harvard Allston Education Portal, a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvard’s front door to the neighborhood and access to certain University programs and facilities. Information about the agreement’s benefits to the community, as well as about H

7、arvard’s deep ties with Cambridge and Boston, is available on the new communityoriented Public Affairs website. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要講述了哈佛大學(xué)與波士頓共同協(xié)作的教育項(xiàng)目使當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袷芤妗? 1．The underlined word “obsolete” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”． A．out of reach 　　 B．out of date C．out of order

8、 D．out of danger 解析：選B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后的“she had never used Microsoft Office programs. Her last employer had only used WordPerfect”可知，她擔(dān)心她的計(jì)算機(jī)技能“過(guò)時(shí)”了。 2．Which of the following words can best describe Connolly’s attitude to the HAWDC? A．Critical. B．Grateful. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral.

9、解析：選B　態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I can walk through the doors of the company and feel very confident. The course instructors have given that to me”可知，Connolly因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)了該項(xiàng)目的課程，變得很自信，可推斷她對(duì)這一協(xié)作項(xiàng)目心存感激。 3．According to the passage, Harvard Allston Education Portal ________. A．benefits people living in Boston B．raise

10、s money from the local people C．is merely accessible to college students D．makes people concerned about the environment 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“the Harvard Allston Education Portal, a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvard’s front door to the neighborhood”可知，該項(xiàng)目使波士頓當(dāng)?shù)厝耸芤妗? 4．I

11、n which part of Harvard University’s website can we find this passage? A．Multimedia. B．Harvard Science. C．Arts & Culture. D．Campus & Community. 解析：選D　文章出處題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvard’s front door to the neighborhood”可知，本文最可能出現(xiàn)在哈佛大學(xué)網(wǎng)站中與社區(qū)有關(guān)的板塊里

12、。 B Students in American schools learn from an early age to give presentations (演講) as part of their regular classroom activities. Children as young as five years old often give brief talks about objects they bring in to school called “show and tell”， and this training is a basis for later publ

13、ic speaking. Even so, many native Englishspeaking adults are afraid to speak or give presentations in front of a large group. Speaking English in public meetings is necessary for many students and employees. The best way to improve is to practice public speaking in a friendly environment. Learners

14、need to receive feedback about what they are doing well and about their mistakes. One group that gives members the chance to practice is Toastmasters. Toastmasters is an international organization that holds weekly meetings. At the meetings, members each give a speech and give others advice about th

15、eir speeches and speaking style. Charles LeBeau is a public speaking professor and consultant. He began his career in Japan in 1982. Currently, he teaches at two universities and at the Toshiba International Training Center. He has also written books on the subject. English language learners aroun

16、d the world use his book Speaking of Speech. Speaking of Speech tells about a method of teaching public speaking for nonnative speakers. Mr. LeBeau says a simple approach helps English learners. “The approach that I’ve taken is to simplify and break it down. First if we look at a presentation, what

17、’s going on, there are basically three messages that the presenter is giving the audience, all simultaneously (同時(shí)). There’s what I call the physical message. Physical message is basically body language. It’s the way that my body, as a speaker, is talking to the audience. And then there’s also the v

18、isual message. The visual messages are the slides that we now make and show the audience. The third message is the story message. The story message is the content of our presentation. So another way we can think of the story messages is that it’s the verbal message, and it’s what we say to the audie

19、nce. The story message also includes how we organize our ideas to present to the audience.” LeBeau said. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在美國(guó)從學(xué)生很小的時(shí)候開(kāi)始，演講就成為了他們?nèi)粘０嗉?jí)活動(dòng)的一部分，五歲的孩子就能夠在班級(jí)里簡(jiǎn)短的介紹一些他們帶來(lái)的日常的東西，這種訓(xùn)練也成為了日后公共演講的基礎(chǔ)。即使如此很多當(dāng)?shù)匾杂⒄Z(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人還是害怕在公眾場(chǎng)合作大型演講。 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The best way to im

20、prove is to practice public speaking in an unfriendly environment. B．Toastmasters is an international organization that holds meetings every two weeks. C．Only nonnative English speaking adults are afraid to give presentations in front of a large group. D．At the meetings of Toastmasters, members g

21、ive not only a speech but also advice. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Toastmasters is an international organization that holds weekly meetings. At the meetings, members each give a speech and give others advice about their speeches and speaking style.”可知Toastmasters是一個(gè)國(guó)際性的組織，每周都會(huì)舉行會(huì)議。在會(huì)議上，每一個(gè)成員發(fā)表演講，并對(duì)其他成員的演講和說(shuō)話(huà)

22、風(fēng)格提出意見(jiàn)。故答案為D。 6．The book Speaking of Speech by Charles LeBeau is mainly intended for ________. A．children as young as five years old B．nonnative English speakers C．native English speakers only D．students in American schools 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Speaking of Speech tells about a method of teach

23、ing public speaking for nonnative speakers.”可知，Speaking of Speech這本書(shū)介紹了母語(yǔ)不是英語(yǔ)的人該如何作公共演講。故答案為B。 7．What are the three messages given in Mr. LeBeau’s simple approach that helps English learners? a．the physical message b．the visual message c．the story message d．the verbal message e．the basic

24、 body language A．a(chǎn)bc B．bcd C．a(chǎn)be D．cde 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“There’s what I call the physical message.”；“And then there’s also the visual message.”；“The third message is the story message.”故答案為A。 8．Which could be the best title for this passage? A．Necessity of Speaking

25、 English in Public Meetings B．Toastmasters, an International Organization C．Tips for Public Speaking D．Charles LeBeau, a Public Speaking Professor and Consultant 解析：選C　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，全文是關(guān)于如何作公共演講，從native speaker和nonnative speaker兩個(gè)角度談?wù)摿诉@個(gè)問(wèn)題，故答案為C。 C More than 4 in 10 cancers — 600,000 in the UK a

26、lone — could be prevented if people led healthier lives, say experts. The population of the UK is about 63,000,000. Latest figures from Cancer Research UK show smoking is the biggest avoidable risk factor, followed by unhealthy diets. The charity advises people to live healthily, limit alcohol inta

27、ke and do regular exercise. According to the figures from 2007 to 2011, more than 300,000 cases of cancer recorded were linked to smoking. A further 145,000 were linked to unhealthy diets containing too much processed food. Obesity contributed to 88,000 cases and alcohol to 62,200. Sun damage to th

28、e skin and physical inactivity were also contributing factors. Professor Max Parkin, a Cancer Research UK statistician, says, “There’s now little doubt that certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk, with research around the world all pointing to the same key risk factors.”

29、 “Of course everyone wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don’t want to ban beef pies and wine but it’s a good time to think about taking up some healthy habits.” “Leading a healthy lifestyle can’t guarantee someone won’t get cancer but we_can_stack_the_odds_in_our_f

30、avour by taking positive steps.” Public Health England says a healthy lifestyle can play an important role in reducing cancer risk. It says campaigns such as Smokefree, Dry January and Change4Life Sugar Swaps all aim to raise public awareness. It’s important that we not only continue to make progre

31、ss in noticing cancer earlier and improving treatments, but helping people understand how they can reduce their risk of developing cancer in the first place remains important in dealing with cancer. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為，如果我們擁有健康的生活方式，那么超過(guò)十分之四的癌癥是可以避免的。 9.Which of the following is the third biggest

32、avoidable cancer factor? A．Obesity.　　　　 　B．Alcohol intake. C．Unhealthy diets. D．Physical inactivity. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，可避免的致癌因素中排名第一的是吸煙，第二是不健康的飲食，第三是肥胖，第四是喝酒。 10．According to Professor Max Parkin, ________. A．it’s OK to drink wine during festivals B．the causes of cancer are still unclea

33、r now C．unhealthy food should be completely banned D．a(chǎn) healthy lifestyle will protect us from cancer 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“everyone wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don’t want to ban beef pies and wine”可知，Max Parkin 教授雖然極力倡導(dǎo)健康的生活方式，但他認(rèn)為節(jié)假日期間少量喝酒還是可以的。 11．By sayi

34、ng the underlined words in Paragraph 6, Professor Max Parkin means we can________. A．help others B．improve our lives C．discover cancer early D．decrease our cancer risk 解析：選D　句意理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk”可知，生活方式的選擇對(duì)得癌癥的幾率有很大的影響。因此，健康的生活方式雖然不能確保我

35、們不得癌癥，但可以“降低我們得癌癥的幾率”。 12．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Most cancers are caused by smoking. B．Cancer is greatly linked to our lifestyle. C．There are different factors that lead to cancer. D．Public awareness should be raised to prevent cancer. 解析：選B　主旨大意題。本文前三段通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)等說(shuō)明可避免的致癌因素的前幾名都跟生活方式有關(guān)，

36、第四、五、六段引用 Max Parkin 教授的話(huà)進(jìn)一步證明了生活方式與癌癥之間的關(guān)系，最后一段通過(guò)英國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生局的官方發(fā)言再一次說(shuō)明了健康的生活方式可以降低得癌癥的幾率。故選B項(xiàng)。 D The Tropical Paradise Holiday Welcome to St Anna, our tropical paradise just off the coast of Latin America. You can spend two weeks in our luxury fourstar hotel. The cost of your flight is included in

37、the holiday, and you can be picked up from your home by our special airport bus. On your arriving, our coach will be waiting to take you to the hotel. All flights leave from Heathrow on a Monday morning. The Cowrie Hotel is built right on the beachfront, and many rooms have wonderful ocean views. I

38、f swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club. The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday Every year Broughton holidays offer twelve days of unforgettable adventure in a tropical rain forest. You may have a choice

39、of Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, or even to the greatest rain forest of them all, the mighty Amazonian forest. You will fly to our special base camps at the edge of the forest, where you will be given five days of survival training, and talks on the local wildlife. Then you take a bus into the fore

40、st. You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife. Remember that these adventure holidays take you deep into the wilderness, and the

41、y are not suitable for families with young children. Also remember that no more than two dozen guests can stay at any camp at one time, so if you want to go on one of these very special holidays, you will need to book early! 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是廣告文體閱讀。文章主要介紹了兩個(gè)假期旅游的好去處，介紹了旅游的方式和主要風(fēng)景和活動(dòng)等。 13．What can we learn

42、about the rain forest holiday? A．Travelers will learn to talk with wild animals. B．Different means of transportation will be used. C．The holiday will end with a survival training. D．Booking early, travelers will get a discount. 解析：選B　判斷推理題。根據(jù)The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的第二、三段可知，可坐飛機(jī)

43、、步行和坐公交車(chē)等，選B。 14．What kind of people will probably choose the rain forest holiday? A．People loving water sports. B．People travelling with children. C．People preferring comfortable hotels. D．People concerned with environment and wildlife. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的第三段的

44、“You will have to walk the final five miles ... to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.”判斷應(yīng)該是關(guān)注環(huán)境和野生動(dòng)物的人們?nèi)ヒ盃I(yíng)。故選D。 15．Which of the following is mentioned in both holidays? A．Transportation.　　 　B．Price. C．Reservation. D．Departure time. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章The Tropica

45、l Paradise Holiday部分和The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday都提到的是flight，應(yīng)是兩段都提到交通方式。故選A。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分) Do you usually feel like you’re working hard but still can’t reach your study goals? Here are some quick tips to help you study better. Study with a partner or in groups. Rather than livi

46、ng in a cave with your nose in the books all day, grab a friend from your class and study with him or her. __16__ Step into your teacher’s shoes. Ask yourself “If I were the teacher, what would I put on the test？” You have probably experienced a few of your teacher’s tests and quizzes by now. __1

47、7__ Teachers have specific types of information that they want you to learn. The structure is usually the same. Paint pictures. __18__ It’s harder to remember each piece of a puzzle individually than it is to recall the completed picture. Find ways to connect what you are learning to real life o

48、r to other concepts. Feed your brain. A hungry brain is an ineffective one. Those Snickers commercials were not kidding. Your brain needs the proper nutrients to keep it going. Because of this, what you eat and drink also plays a huge role in how sharp your brain is. __19__ Junk foods increase tir

49、edness and lead to the infamous food coma. Take breaks. Your brain is like a muscle. __20__ It can also tire if you overwork it. If you divide studying into 15－30minute blocks with quick breaks in between, your brain will feel refreshed, grateful and ready for the next challenge you throw at it.

50、 A．Learn from them for the next test. B．It needs exercise to make it stronger. C．It’s necessary to have a long holiday and have nice food. D．Group studying helps you to engage and process the information more deeply. E．You can build your knowledge structure in the form of pictures. F．Healthy f

51、oods provide nutrients to your brain cells to keep them energized. G．We need to have a positive mental state if we want to improve our study efficiency. 答案：16～20　DAEFB Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分) When he was 5, Nicholas Lowinger visited a homeless shelter with his mother. He was __21__ to show o

52、ff his new lightup sneakers. But his mom warned him against doing so, __22__ that these children might not have such things. __23__ enough, when Nicholas met kids at the shelter, he __24__ realized that they were living in circumstances that were different from his own. “I saw other kids who looke

53、d just like me. The only __25__ was that they were wearing __26__ shoes that were falling apart. Some didn’t have a pair of shoes to call their own，” said Nicholas, now 15. “I’ve been __27__ to grow up in a family that is able to provide me with whatever I need. A lot of kids here in the U．S. don’t

54、have the same __28__.” That first shelter __29__ left a strong impression on Nicholas, who started __30__ all the shoes he’d outgrown to local shelters. But he soon __31__ that his donations weren’t that helpful. “It __32__ me that I only had used shoes to give to them __33__ new shoes that fit ri

55、ght，” he said. “No two people’s feet are exactly the same, and __34__ you are wearing someone else’s worn shoes, your feet aren’t going to be comfortable.” So at the age of 12, Nicholas started a program that donates __35__ shoes to homeless children. __36__， his efforts were part of a community se

56、rvice project. With the help of his parents, he then started the Gotta Have Sole Foundation, which has donated new footwear to more than 10,000 __37__ children in 21 states. “Something that seems so __38__， a pair of shoes, can make children feel __39__ about themselves and gain confidence.” Nichol

57、as __40__ other young people to do the same. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Nicholas在5歲時(shí)隨媽媽拜訪(fǎng)了無(wú)家可歸者的收容所。這給他留下了深刻的印象，于是他發(fā)起了一個(gè)為無(wú)家可歸者捐鞋的活動(dòng)來(lái)幫助他們。他還鼓勵(lì)其他年輕人也去做相同的事情。 21．A.disappointed　　　　 　B．puzzled C．excited D．surprised 解析：選C　根據(jù)空格后的“to show off his new lightup sneakers”可推知，Nicholas為可以炫耀他的能發(fā)光的新運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋而感到興奮(excited)。故選C。

58、 22．A.explaining B．expecting C．deciding D．judging 解析：選A　根據(jù)空格前的“But his mom warned him against doing so”可知，Nicholas的媽媽警告他不要這么做，并向他解釋了(explaining)原因，因?yàn)槭杖菟锏暮⒆涌赡軟](méi)有這樣的東西。故選A。 23．A.Terribly B．Sure C．Strangely D．Fair 解析：選B　根據(jù)空格后的“... living in circumstances that were different from his own”可

59、知，果然如媽媽所說(shuō)，Nicholas發(fā)現(xiàn)收容所里的孩子們過(guò)著跟他不一樣的生活。sure enough“果然，果真”，符合語(yǔ)境。 24．A.actually B．possibly C．quickly D．simply 解析：選C　根據(jù)第一段最后一句和空格后的內(nèi)容可知，Nicholas來(lái)到收容所后，很快(quickly)就意識(shí)到收容所里的孩子們的生活環(huán)境和他自己的有所不同。故選C。 25．A.result B．problem C．reason D．difference 解析：選D　根據(jù)上段和空格前的“I saw other kids who looked just li

60、ke me. The only ...”可知，住在收容所里的孩子看起來(lái)和Nicholas差不多大，唯一的不同是他們穿著破損不堪的舊鞋子。故選D。 26．A.old B．big C．special D．heavy 解析：選A　根據(jù)空格后的“shoes that were falling apart”可推知，住在收容所里的孩子們穿的是破損不堪的舊鞋子。故選A。 27．A.brave B．fortunate C．healthy D．selfish 解析：選B　根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，Nicholas感到很幸運(yùn)(fortunate)，因?yàn)樗砷L(zhǎng)在一個(gè)能給他提供任何他需要的東西的家

61、庭。故選B。 28．A.education B．experiences C．clothing D．opportunities 解析：選D　根據(jù)上句可知，Nicholas感到生長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)能給他提供任何他需要的東西的家庭是很幸運(yùn)的。而美國(guó)的很多孩子卻沒(méi)有同樣的機(jī)會(huì)。opportunity“機(jī)會(huì)”，符合語(yǔ)境。 29．A.lecture B．show C．visit D．class 解析：選C　根據(jù)文章第一段第一句中的“visited a homeless shelter with his mother”可知，此處指第一次的拜訪(fǎng)(visit)就給Nicholas留下了很深的印

62、象。故選C。 30．A.donating B．posting C．selling D．delivering 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，收容所里的孩子們穿著破舊的鞋子給Nicholas留下了很深的印象，于是他開(kāi)始將自己穿小了的鞋捐給(donating)當(dāng)?shù)氐氖杖菟Ｏ戮渲械摹癲onations”也是提示。故選A。 31．A.remembered B．a(chǎn)dmitted C．doubted D．realized 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文“No two people’s feet ... to be comfortable.”可知，Nicholas很快意識(shí)到(realize

63、d)他的捐贈(zèng)對(duì)那些無(wú)家可歸的孩子們不是那么有幫助。故選D。 32．A.delighted B．bothered C．a(chǎn)mazed D．a(chǎn)stonished 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文可知，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人的腳并不完全相同，所以舊鞋穿到別人腳上可能會(huì)不舒服。而自己只有舊鞋而沒(méi)有新鞋可以捐贈(zèng)，這一點(diǎn)讓Nicholas很煩惱(bothered)。故選B。 33．A.because of B．a(chǎn)part from C．instead of D．except for 解析：選C　句意同上。because of“因?yàn)?，由于”；apart from“遠(yuǎn)離，除……之外”；instead of“

64、而不是……”；except for“除了……之外”。故選C。 34．A.if B．once C．until D．though 解析：選A　根據(jù)本句前半部分“No two people’s feet are exactly the same”可知，沒(méi)有兩個(gè)人的腳會(huì)完全一樣，如果你穿別人穿過(guò)的鞋，你的腳不會(huì)很舒服。此處表示假設(shè)的條件，故選A。 35．A.expensive B．new C．strong D．unique 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Nicholas意識(shí)到如果我們穿別人穿過(guò)的鞋，腳會(huì)不舒服，于是在12歲時(shí)，他發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，為無(wú)家可歸的孩子們捐贈(zèng)新(ne

65、w)鞋。故選B。 36．A.At least B．In fact C．In addition D．At first 解析：選D　根據(jù)下一句中的“then”可知，與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是at first，意為“最初，起先”。故選D。 37．A.homeless B．special C．poor D．sick 解析：選A　根據(jù)該段第一句中的“to homeless children”可知，在父母的幫助下，Nicholas啟動(dòng)了Gotta Have Sole Foundation項(xiàng)目，為21個(gè)州的1萬(wàn)多名無(wú)家可歸的(homeless)孩子捐贈(zèng)了新鞋。故選A。 38．A.use

66、less B．simple C．funny D．cheap 解析：選B　根據(jù)空格后的“a pair of shoes, can make children feel ________ about themselves and gain confidence”可知，捐贈(zèng)一雙鞋這么簡(jiǎn)單的(simple)事就能讓孩子們感覺(jué)很好并且獲得自信。故選B。 39．A.warm B．lucky C．good D．sad 解析：選C　句意同上。warm“溫暖的，熱情的”；lucky“幸運(yùn)的”；good“好的”；sad“難過(guò)的，悲哀的”。故選C。 40．A.forces B．commands C．prefers D．encourages 解析：選D　因?yàn)镹icholas從捐鞋這件小事中受益匪淺，所以他鼓勵(lì)其他年輕人也去做相同的事情。encourage“鼓勵(lì)，支持”，符合語(yǔ)境。 Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分) Scientists have discovered that __41__ (stay) in