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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 B卷　能力素養(yǎng)提升 【說明】　本試卷滿分120分，考試時間100分鐘 Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) A Since Henry Ford turned it into a massmarket product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also

2、 brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year. Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some carchoked cities as mu

3、ch as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park. Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to holdups. “Connected cars” — which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will stil

4、l have a human at the wheel — can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots. Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them ke

5、ep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their onboard sensors (傳感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行費) to smooth traffic flows during ru

6、sh hours; Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”， whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect. These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways. Traffic always flows at the p

7、roper speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing. In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain. 語篇解讀：文章主要介紹了未來的

8、汽車。汽車給人們帶來方便之余，也給人們的生活帶來了許多問題，甚至威脅到了人們的生命和安全。幸運的是，一項新科技有望減少污染和擁堵，并使駕駛變得更安全。 1．According to Paragraph 2, the problem of parking has resulted in ________. A．more time on the road B．a(chǎn) great waste of fuel C．even heavier traffic jams D．increased death and injuries 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In some carchoke

9、d cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.”可知，在一些擁擠的城市里，尋找停車位所耗費的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，說明停車造成大量汽油的浪費，故選B。 2．What does “a similar effect” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Reducing traffic jams. B．Building smart motorways. C．Setting proper speed limits. D．Ke

10、eping steady traffic flows. 解析：選D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段“Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行費) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours”可知，新加坡通過使用浮動的道路通行費來疏導(dǎo)車流，英國也正在采取措施來取得類似的效果，故選D。 3．What is the author’s attitude towards connected cars? A．Curious.　　　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Supportive.

11、 D．Disappointed. 解析：選C　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段“These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.”可知，作者認(rèn)為這種新的發(fā)明能創(chuàng)造出一種更有效的交通體制，在帶給人們駕車的樂趣的同時，也會減少事故帶來的傷痛，說明作者對這項發(fā)明是支持的，故選C。 4．Which

12、 of the following can be the best title of the text? A．The Future of Cars: Wireless Wheels B．The Future Traffic Management System C．The Benefits and Problems of Cars D．The Promising Future of Car Production 解析：選A　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第三段“a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and l

13、ess tendency to holdups. ’Connected cars’ — which may eventually develop into driverless cars”和第四段“Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer ...less of the pain.”可知，文章主要講的是未來的汽車，而不是未來的交通管理系統(tǒng)。故選A。 B If you

14、have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies — about 3 million in the United States alone. The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cow’s milk; eggs; whe

15、at. What Is a Food Allergy? Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a

16、 food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it’s really dangerous to you. What’s a Reaction Like? In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis (過敏癥). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once

17、and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person’s blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get

18、 special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse. What Will the Doctor Do? If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send

19、 you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergyrelated

20、conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了食物過敏癥的一些知識，包括食物過敏癥的癥狀及其應(yīng)對措施等。 5．According to the passage, you will have a food allergy when your immune system

21、________. A．recognizes tiny organisms in a certain food B．mistakenly makes antibodies to help fight off something in a certain food C．prevents something harmful in the food from entering your digestive system D．releases chemicals to remove harmful things in a certain food 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“

22、But if you have ... dangerous to you.”可知，當(dāng)你過敏時，你的免疫系統(tǒng)會誤認(rèn)為某種食物中的某種物質(zhì)是有害物質(zhì)而產(chǎn)生抗體。故選B項。 6．In the sudden and severe allergic reaction, which of the following may happen? A．Blood pressure rising. B．Lips swelling. C．Breathing difficulty. D．Heart beating becoming slow. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“This is a s

23、udden ... and blood vessels.”及下一句中的“breathing tubes can narrow”可知，過敏嚴(yán)重時可能會使呼吸管變窄，出現(xiàn)呼吸困難。故選C項。 7．Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction? A．Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears. B．Avoiding eating any food when going outside. C．Al

24、ways carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms. D．Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies”可知，過敏者應(yīng)提前做好應(yīng)對突發(fā)事件的準(zhǔn)備。故選D項。 8．What will an all

25、ergist do to check your food allergy out? A．Ask you about the allergyassociated information. B．Give you some medicine right away. C．Enquire about your present feeling towards the food. D．Give you a shot of liquid extract of food. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第四、五句“The allergy specialist ... or other aller

26、gyrelated conditions.”可知，過敏癥?？漆t(yī)師會詢問一些與過敏反應(yīng)相關(guān)的問題。故答案為A項。 C Stressed? It is shown in recent research that walking or cycling to work calms you down (traveling by bus or train is also better than driving)． “Walking to work reduces stress and improves brain power，” researchers say. Adults who stopped

27、 driving the car and started walking or cycling became calmer and found it easier to concentrate. A study of 18,000 Britons found that going to work by train or bus improved their wellbeing compared with driving. The study, published in the journal Preventive Medicine, also found that the longer pe

28、ople spent walking or cycling, the happier or less stressed they were. However, stress levels and inability to concentrate worsened if they spent more time in the car. Lead researcher Adam Martin, from the University of East Anglia’s Norwich Medical School, said that despite the crowds and disrupti

29、on, walking to bus stops or stations and being able to relax on the journey “cheer people up”. Two thirds drive to work, 18 percent use public transport, 11 percent walk and 3 percent cycle. A research earlier this year found that commuters (乘公共車輛往返者) had small but statistically significant lower s

30、cores on all measures of wellbeing. The worst effects were witnessed in those whose journeys last between 61 and 90 minutes. But when commuting time reaches three hours or more, the negative effects disappeared, the report said. “The effects of commuting on personal wellbeing are the greatest for a

31、nxiety and happiness, suggesting that commuting affects daytoday emotions more than overall evaluations of satisfaction with life or the sense that daily activities are worthwhile，” the report stated. Dr Daniel Newman, from Cardiff University’s Sustainable Places Research Institute, said, “This rep

32、ort says that many of us, who spend mornings and evenings sitting in traffic jam, already know: commuting can be a chore.” 語篇解讀：研究表明，騎車或步行上班有助于排解壓力，提高幸福指數(shù)。 9．What can be learned from Paragraph 1? A．Driving for long drives people crazy. B．Feeling stressed can be predicted. C．Walking to work help

33、s reduce stress. D．Travelling by bus makes people excited. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀第一段可以知道，步行去上班有利于緩解壓力。 10．Walking to work is something ________. A．preferred by most people B．easier to perform in daily life C．making people more creative D．beneficial to the sense of happiness 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二、三段的內(nèi)容告訴我們

34、：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)步行上班有助于提高幸福指數(shù)。 11．What does the underlined word “chore” probably mean? A．Tiresome task. B．Amazing challenge. C．Meaningless thing. D．Financial trouble. 解析：選A　詞義猜測題。最后一段中提到乘公交車上下班的人們早、晚都遇到交通堵塞，那肯定也是一件讓人感到討厭的事情。 12．What type of writing is this text? A．A scientific report. B．A transportati

35、on guide. C．A policy announcement. D．A new lifestyle introduction. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章多處提到的researchers say, The study以及A research可推測，本文應(yīng)該屬于一篇科學(xué)研究報告。 D Contrary to popular belief, looking at someone’s face alone is not enough to tell us whether they are roaring in celebration or screaming in frustr

36、ation, researchers claimed.While people may believe they have the ability to read each other’s faces, body language is the real clue that shows whether strong emotions someone is feeling are positive or negative. In a study, groups of participants were shown a series of facial expressions such as t

37、ennis players photographed just after winning or losing a point. In some cases the volunteers were able to see the player’s full body, but in others they were only shown either their face or their body with the other removed. Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losi

38、ng when they were shown the full picture or just the body, but their guesses were no better than chance when based on the face alone. Those who were allowed to see the full image were convinced they had made their judgment based on the players’ facial expressions even though results from the two ot

39、her groups suggested otherwise. The researchers carried out a second study where participants were shown a wider range of faces showing emotions including joy, pleasure, victory, pain and defeat. Using photoediting software, the researchers attached the faces to bodies expressing the opposite emot

40、ion, and asked participants to act out the emotions they saw in the photos. The resulting poses were like the body poses in the photographs but not the facial expressions, demonstrating that people base their interpretation of strong emotions not on the face but the body. Dr Aviezer, who led the s

41、tudy, said, “These results show that when emotions become extremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions becomes unclear.The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.For example, individuals may fail to recognize f

42、acial expressions, but if they are trained to process important body language, their performance may significantly improve.” 語篇解讀：最新的研究表明：通過觀察別人的眼睛，人們并不能完全讀懂他們的心情，但如果通過肢體語言，人們卻能更好地了解別人在想什么。 13．What do we know about the first study? A．The participants were divided into four groups. B．All particip

43、ants were given the same pictures to see. C．It proved that emotions influence people’s body language. D．Participants could tell the players’ feelings when seeing the full picture. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段的“Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when they were shown the

44、 full picture or just the body”可知D項正確。 14．What did Dr Aviezer think of the results of the study? A．Ridiculous.　　　　 　B．Useless. C．Unrealistic. D．Helpful. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。從最后一段的“The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.”可知，Dr Aviezer認(rèn)為這些結(jié)果在某個方面對

45、其他研究有一定的幫助。 15．Which of the following can summarize the main idea of the passage? A．Body rather than eyes is the window of the soul. B．Facial expressions can reflect the emotions clearly. C．Researchers link emotions to body language through software. D．Two studies focus on the link between body

46、 language and emotions. 解析：選A　主旨大意題。最新的研究表明：通過觀察別人的眼睛，人們并不能完全讀懂他們的心情，但如果通過肢體語言，人們卻更加清晰地知道別人在想什么。故選A項。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) You want your essay to be the one that is passed around the admissions office or not? It’s a little bit like the difference between being famous and infamous. Here are s

47、ome basic tips to avoid that infamous essay： ● Don’t write the “safe” essay. __16__ It could be something that others have also experienced, but make sure to say how it affected you. Something personal and unique never fails to stand out. ● Avoid the generic and get specific. Never write that yo

48、u’re “well rounded” or that “many people have influenced” you. __17__ Real and specific experiences are a lot more convincing than something you copy from the Internet. ●__18__ There is no need to share your participation level (hours per week and weeks per year) because colleges ask for that inf

49、ormation on your activity list. It is important for the students to use every opportunity to show who they are and impress the admissions office. ● Don’t talk about rankings. Many students love focusing on the numbers when they are writing their “why this college” essay. They believe they are flat

50、tering (討好) the college by saying the reason why they want to attend is that the college is highly ranked in US News & World Report. Obviously schools are aware of their rankings. __19__ ● Don’t complain. If you have gone through difficult circumstances, you should share your story. Don’t point f

51、ingers. __20__ A better essay will talk about how you have dealt with, and hopefully overcome the obstacles you came across. A．It’s important to show patience and determination. B．This applies to all types of essays. C．Don’t forget about the activity list. D．Pick a topic that only you can write

52、about. E．They just want to know why you want to attend. F．Don’t repeat information that is elsewhere in your application. G．Tell the reader what you’ve done, how you’ve been influenced, and by whom. 答案：16～20　DGFEA Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) A crowd gathered recently to hear a popular jazz ban

53、d. The music was good, and the 　21　 were very talented. But everyone had come to see one player 　22　， the 9yearold boy, Jose Andre Montano. Why were so many musiclovers interested in 　23　 this young man perform? It is because he is a jazz 　24　， and he is blind. Jose’s life began in Totora, Bolivia

54、, 　25　 he was born blind. Yet 　26　 his lack of sight, the boy began playing the drums at the age of four. He showed a(n) 　27　 ability, and before long, he was playing the 　28　， too. By the age of five he had formed his own jazz trio (三重奏). His parents, along with everyone else, are 　29　 surprised by

55、 his wonderful talent. “I didn’t know 　30　 before; he got me into it，” said his father, Roberto. “I don’t know how to explain how it 　31　. It’s like jazz was 　32　 inside him.” Many professional musicians are equally 　33　 and welcome the chance to 　34　 with Jose. They have noticed his deep understan

56、ding of this unique form of music. Singer Vero Perez says the exceptional thing about Jose isn’t his age or even his __35__. According to Perez, “He shows other musicians how jazz music really is to be played.” As Jose’s fame __36__， he has more chances to tour and perform. He has traveled througho

57、ut Bolivia and into Brazil and Peru. When Jose is at home with his family, he is a __37__ little boy. He goes to school and does his homework. __38__ when he begins playing the piano or drums, his musical genius becomes obvious. Jose has proved that nothing will keep him from doing what he loves be

58、st. His positive __39__ towards life encourages others to look past their own obstacles and __40__ their dreams. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一個九歲的小男孩，先天失明，卻擁有非凡的音樂天賦。他對爵士樂的理解甚至超過了專業(yè)音樂家的水平。他積極樂觀的人生態(tài)度也鼓舞著人們?nèi)プ非笞约旱膲粝搿? 21．A.singers　　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)ctors C．musicians D．dancers 解析：選C　根據(jù)文章第一句中“a popular jazz band(流行爵士樂隊)

59、”可知，此處指音樂很棒，這些樂隊成員也都很有才能。故選C項，意為“音樂家”。 22．A.in person B．in particular C．by mistake D．by chance 解析：選B　根據(jù)句中“But”和“one player”可知，此處指盡管樂隊成員都很優(yōu)秀，但大家都尤其是來看Jose Andre Montano表演的。故選B項，意為“特別，尤其”。 23．A.celebrating B．encouraging C．noticing D．watching 解析：選D　根據(jù)句中“perform”可知，人們是來觀看Jose Andre Montan

60、o的演出的。故選D項，watch sb. do sth.意為“看某人做某事”。 24．A.genius B．fool C．inventor D．conductor 解析：選A　根據(jù)下一段第二句中“the boy began playing the drums at the age of four”，該段第四句“By the age of five he had formed his own jazz trio (三重奏)．”和該段第五句中“surprised by his wonderful talent”可知，Jose Andre Montano是個爵士天才。故選A項，意為“天

61、才”。 25．A.what B．where C．when D．which 解析：選B　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所在句子是非限制性定語從句，先行詞“Totora”在從句中作地點狀語，意為“在這里”。故選B項。 26．A.through B．for C．a(chǎn)lthough D．despite 解析：選D　根據(jù)空格后的“his lack of sight”可知，空格處應(yīng)用介詞；分析本句句意可知，逗號前后之間是讓步關(guān)系。D項是介詞，意為“雖然，盡管”，符合語境。 27．A.amusing B．frightening C．a(chǎn)mazing D．interesting

62、 解析：選C　結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容和常識可知，一個先天失明的孩子，四歲就開始擊鼓。這是一種令人驚嘆的才能。故選C項，意為“令人驚嘆的”。 28．A.drum B．computer C．song D．piano 解析：選D　根據(jù)上文可知，Jose Andre Montano是個音樂天才，再由第六段中“he begins playing the piano”可知，本句指不久后他開始彈鋼琴。故選D項，意為“鋼琴”。 29．A.continuously B．normally C．strangely D．suddenly 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Jose Andre Monta

63、no一直在展現(xiàn)他的音樂天賦。由此可知，此處指他的父母和其他人不斷地為他的音樂天賦感到驚訝。故選A項，意為“連續(xù)不斷地”。 30．A.rock B．folk C．jazz D．blues 解析：選C　根據(jù)本段最后一句“It’s like jazz was ________ inside him.”可知，此處指Jose的父親原來不懂爵士樂，是Jose讓他喜歡上了這種音樂。故選C項。 31．A.came about B．came back C．turned up D．turned off 解析：選A　本句中“it”指Jose Andre Montano從小就具有音樂天賦這

64、件事。故此處應(yīng)指Jose的父親不知道Jose 的音樂天賦是怎么產(chǎn)生的，因為他自己原來不懂爵士樂。故選A項，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”。 32．A.only B．a(chǎn)lready C．never D．hardly 解析：選B　根據(jù)上句可知，父親不知道Jose的音樂天賦是如何產(chǎn)生的。再結(jié)合空格后“inside him”可知，此處指那好像是與生俱來的(早已在他體內(nèi))。故選B項，意為“已經(jīng)”。 33．A.depressed B．confused C．impressed D．worried 解析：選C　根據(jù)句中“equally”可知，不光是聽眾對 Jose Andre Montano的

65、爵士樂天賦驚嘆不已，許多專業(yè)的音樂家也被打動了。故選C項，意為“留下深刻印象的，被打動的”。 34．A.live B．chat C．fight D．perform 解析：選D　根據(jù)“musicians”和“welcome the chance”可知，這些專業(yè)的音樂家也樂意接受和Jose Andre Montano一起表演的機會。故選D項，意為“表演”。 35．A.carelessness B．blindness C．deafness D．loneliness 解析：選B　根據(jù)第二段第二句中“and he is blind”可知，答案為B項，意為“失明”。 36．A

66、.promises B．a(chǎn)ppears C．lifts D．spreads 解析：選D　根據(jù)句中“he has more chances to tour and perform”可知，由于Jose Andre Montano的名聲傳播開來，他得到的巡演機會越來越多。故選D項，意為“傳播，散布”。 37．A.lazy B．happy C．normal D．funny 解析：選C　根據(jù)下一句“He goes to school and does his homework.”可知，當(dāng)在家里與家人共處時，Jose Andre Montano和別的孩子一樣上學(xué)、做作業(yè)，是一個正常的小男孩。C項意為“正常的”，符合句意。 38．A.But B．So C．Because D．Since 解析：選A　根據(jù)語境可知，但是當(dāng)他開始彈鋼琴或擊鼓時，他與眾不同的音樂天賦就展現(xiàn)出來了。本句與上句“他像正常小孩一樣上學(xué)、做作業(yè)”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A項。 39．A.success B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．dream D．pe