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Unit 2 English around the world ***閱讀理解 The first potatoes were grown by the Incas of South America, more than 400 years ago. Their descendants(后代) in Ecuador and Chile continue to grow the vegetable as high as 14，000 feet up in the Andes Mountains. (That’s higher than any other food will grow.) Early Spanish and English explorers shipped potatoes to Europe, and they found their way to North America in the early 1600s. People eat potatoes in many ways—baked, mashed, and roasted, to name just three. However, in the United States most potatoes are eaten in the form of French fries. One fastfood chain alone sells more than $1 billion worth of fries each year. No wonder, then, that the pany pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared. Before any fry makes it to the people who eat at these popular restaurants，it must pass many separate tests. Fail any one of these tests and the potato is rejected. To start with, only Russet Burbank potatoes are used. These Idaho potatoes have less water content than other kinds, which can have as much as 80 percent water. Once cut into “shoestrings” shapes，the potatoes are partly fried in a secret blend of oils, sprayed with liquid sugar to brown them, steam dried at high heat, then flash frozen for shipment to individual restaurants. Before shipping，every shoestring is measured. Forty percent of a batch must be between two and three inches long. Another 40 percent has to be over three inches. What about the 20 percent that are left in the batch? Well, a few short fries in a bag are okay，it seems. So，now that you realize the enormous size and value of the potato crop, you can understand why most people agree that this part of the food industry is no “small potatoes”． 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文介紹了土豆被引進(jìn)美國的歷史及炸薯?xiàng)l在美國食物產(chǎn)業(yè)中舉足輕重的地位。 1．Potatoes in North America came directly from ． A．Chile　　　　　　 B．Europe C．Ecuador D．the Andes Mountains B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第一段最后一句可知，北美最早的土豆來自歐洲。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．Why does the pany pay special attention to the way the fries are prepared? A．Because selling fries is a big business. B．Because fries are not easy to prepare at all. C．Because Americans are particular about fries. D．Because the government has a strict rule for that. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的One fastfood chain alone sells more than $1 billion worth of fries each year. No wonder, then, that the pany pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared.可知，在美國，炸薯?xiàng)l是個(gè)很大的行業(yè)，所以會(huì)被特殊關(guān)注。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to say ． A．small potatoes cannot be used for fries B．potatoes are really important for Americans C．eating in America is the very first thing D．fries are really important for food industry D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的內(nèi)容this part of the food industry is no “small potatoes”可知，在美國，炸薯?xiàng)l在食品產(chǎn)業(yè)中不是“小土豆”(無足輕重的東西)，由此可推測(cè)，炸薯?xiàng)l在食品產(chǎn)業(yè)中占有重要的地位。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The average American eats 50 pounds of potatoes a year. B．French fries are made from potatoes. C．Potato is a key vegetable in America. D．The various terms for potatoes have a long history. C　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，在美國，土豆可以有多種吃法，尤其是炸薯?xiàng)l，深受人們的歡迎，也因此帶來了強(qiáng)大的商業(yè)利潤，在食品產(chǎn)業(yè)中占有重要地位。因此，本文的主旨是，在美國土豆是很重要的蔬菜。故選C項(xiàng)。 ***語法填空 Theres no such thing __1__ living alone. Never mind if youre the only person in your house and have no dog, no cat, or even no fish. You still have got several billion __2__ (roommate) and so do we all. Some of them are harmless, some are __3__ (actual) helpful and some could even kill you. They are, of course, bacteria, fungi (霉菌) and viruses, and whether you like it or not, theyre on you, around you, and deeply within you. The fact __4__ bacteria are everywhere is not surprising. Its something you __5__ (learn) from your childhood when your mother told you not to drink water from someone elses glass. There are lots of bacteria __6__ are living in your tea kettle. There are bacteria __7__ (sleep) with you on your bed. Scientists are beginning __8__ (realize) the richness of the microbiome (微生物群系), which is as plex as the ones __9__ (find) in oceans, rainforests, deserts and woodlands. Your house has a microbiome and __10__ do you. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　 6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。世上沒有真正獨(dú)自的生活，即使你單獨(dú)在家，家里沒有狗、貓或者魚，你身邊還是有成千上萬的陪伴者——各種細(xì)菌、霉菌和病毒。 1．a(chǎn)s　考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。There is no such thing as ... “沒有像……這樣的事”。 2．roommates　考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。roommate為可數(shù)名詞，由several billion可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3．a(chǎn)ctually　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞helpful。 4．that　考查同位語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)語境可知，本句中含有由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，解釋說明The fact的具體內(nèi)容。 5．learned/learnt　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文中的told可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。 6．which/that　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為bacteria，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故用which或that。 7．sleeping　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。bacteria與sleep存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。 8．to realize　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。start和begin后跟表示心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如understand和realize等，常用不定式。 9．found　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。the ones與find是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。 10．so　考查特殊句型。“so＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語”表示“……也如此”。 ***完形填空 My daughter(now 18)was born with a hemangioma tumor(血管瘤)by her eye.At first it was small, and hardly __1__.After five months，it became the __2__ of a coin.__3__ I took her out，people could not __4__ their ments to themselves.“Who hit her？”，“Is that a bug bite？” I never could think of a(n) __5__ response for these people.I was __6__ to be kind and understanding，and assumed that other people had also been taught these __7__.One day I was at the __8__，with my 3yearold son，my daughter，and at this time pregnant with my third child.A woman __9__ me，I thought here we go __10__. She said that God must not have wanted my daughter to __11__ him，as he left her with a __12__.She went on to say that __13__ with these kisses were always surrounded by angels.I was astonished.What a __14__，more loving approach to someone with a problem! My daughter will __15__ this year from High School.She is beautiful.Her early years were spent in and out of __16__.Finally the tumor was removed，because it __17__ her vision.It is not noticeable __18__ in the bright sun.She spent this year as the dance scholar for our school.She danced for 4 years on our dancedrill team.She had __19__ many scholarships.Her life is wonderful.The woman in the mall made me a better parent.Perhaps，this __20__ will help make someone else a better parent，too. 1．A.noticeable　　　　B．bearable C．recognized D．a(chǎn)ccepted 2．A.colour B．weight C．size D．width 3．A.One day B．Every time C．Later D．Recently 4．A.make B．help C．tell D．hold 5．A.exact B．a(chǎn)ppropriate C．rude D．practical 6．A.learned B．brought C．considered D．taught 7．A.qualities B．principles C．questions D．opinions 8．A.party B．office C．mall D．meeting 9．A.approached B．saw C．a(chǎn)ppreciated D．called 10．A.now B．later C．a(chǎn)gain D．quickly 11．A.understand B．leave C．hate D．remember 12．A.scar B．kiss C．mark D．sign 13．A.mothers B．gods C．faces D．babies 14．A.stranger B．cleverer C．kinder D．happier 15．A.develop B．succeed C．graduate D．improve 16．A.hospitals B．schools C．illness D．sight 17．A.blocked B．stopped C．injured D．deepened 18．A.despite B．except C．a(chǎn)lthough D．because 19．A.given B．proved C．left D．received 20．A.lesson B．story C．a(chǎn)dventure D．tumor 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。一個(gè)陌生人的暖心話語使作者在女兒的問題上成為了更好的家長，她希望這個(gè)故事能夠使其他的父母也成為更好的家長。 1．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“At first it was small”可知，此處應(yīng)指血管瘤剛開始很小，幾乎不能被注意到。A項(xiàng)意為“明顯的”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“可忍受的”；C項(xiàng)意為“公認(rèn)的，經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證的”；D項(xiàng)意為“可接受的”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 2．C　考查名詞辨析。上文提到，剛開始，血管瘤很小，幾乎不能被注意到；由“After five months”可知，此處與上文形成對(duì)比，指五個(gè)月后，血管瘤長到硬幣那樣大。C項(xiàng)意為“大小，尺寸”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“顏色”；B項(xiàng)意為“重量”；D項(xiàng)意為“寬度”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 3．B　考查狀語從句。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指每次“我”帶她出去玩的時(shí)候；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，every time意為“每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，符合題意，而其他三項(xiàng)無此用法。故選B項(xiàng)。 4．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指人們看到“我”的女兒總是無法停下他們的評(píng)論。D項(xiàng)意為“停下”，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。 5．B　考查形容詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指“我”從沒想出一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)給這些人。B項(xiàng)意為“適當(dāng)?shù)摹?，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“精確的”；C項(xiàng)意為“粗魯?shù)摹?；D項(xiàng)意為“實(shí)用的”，均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 6．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“assumed that other people had also been taught these”中的“taught”可知，“我”被教導(dǎo)要善良，要體諒別人，所以“我”認(rèn)為其他人也被這樣教導(dǎo)。故選D項(xiàng)。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“kind and understanding”可知，此處指他們也被教導(dǎo)這樣的品質(zhì)。A項(xiàng)意為“品質(zhì)”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“原則”；C項(xiàng)意為“問題”；D項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 8．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“The woman in the mall made me a better parent.”中的“mall”可知，此處指一天懷孕的“我”帶著女兒和3歲的兒子在商場(chǎng)買東西。故選C項(xiàng)。 9．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，此處指有一個(gè)女人向“我”走來。A項(xiàng)意為“靠近”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“看見”；C項(xiàng)意為“欣賞，感激”；D項(xiàng)意為“給……打電話”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文人們看見“我”的女兒就會(huì)進(jìn)行評(píng)論可知，此處指“我”想在這里“我們”會(huì)再次遭遇同樣的經(jīng)歷。故選C項(xiàng)。 11．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處指那個(gè)女人說，上帝一定是不想讓“我”的女兒離開他。B項(xiàng)意為“離開”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“理解”；C項(xiàng)意為“憎恨”；D項(xiàng)意為“記得”，均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 12．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“with these kisses were always surrounded by angels”可知，此處指上帝在“我”女兒的臉上留下了一個(gè)吻。B項(xiàng)意為“吻”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“疤痕”；C項(xiàng)意為“標(biāo)記”；D項(xiàng)意為“跡象”，均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 13．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指有這樣吻痕的孩子會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)被天使圍繞著。故選D項(xiàng)。 14．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“more loving”可知，此處指這與那些總是進(jìn)行評(píng)論的人相比是更友善、更有愛意的方式。C項(xiàng)意為“更友善的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“更奇怪的”；B項(xiàng)意為“更聰明的”；D項(xiàng)意為“更快樂的”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 15．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“from High School”可知，此處指“我”的女兒今年會(huì)高中畢業(yè)。C項(xiàng)意為“畢業(yè)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)展”；B項(xiàng)意為“成功”；D項(xiàng)意為“改善”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 16．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者的女兒患有血管瘤；由此可推知，為了看病，女兒早些年一定是進(jìn)進(jìn)出出于醫(yī)院。故選A項(xiàng)。 17．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“Finally the tumor was removed”可知，最后，血管瘤被摘除了，因?yàn)樗璧K了她的視力。A項(xiàng)意為“阻礙”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“停止”；C項(xiàng)意為“傷害”；D項(xiàng)意為“加深”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 18．B　考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指現(xiàn)在，如果不是在明亮的陽光下，她那小小的傷疤一點(diǎn)也不明顯。B項(xiàng)意為“除了”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“不管”；C項(xiàng)意為“盡管”；D項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?，均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 19．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“many scholarships”可知，此處指女兒得到了許多獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。D項(xiàng)意為“收到，拿到”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“給”；B項(xiàng)意為“證明”；C項(xiàng)意為“離開”，均與語境不符。故選D項(xiàng)。 20．B　考查名詞辨析?？v觀全文可知，本文作者敘述的是一個(gè)關(guān)于自己和女兒的故事。故此處表示，那個(gè)在商場(chǎng)里遇到的女人讓“我”成為一個(gè)稱職的家長。或許，這個(gè)故事也能夠使其他人成為更好的家長。B項(xiàng)意為“故事”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“課，教訓(xùn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷”；D項(xiàng)意為“腫瘤”，均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 長難句分析：She said that God must not have wanted my daughter to leave him, as he left her with a kiss.(第二段第一句) 分析：本句是復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作said的賓語；must not have done表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)，意為“一定不……”；as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。 譯文：她說上帝一定是舍不得讓我的女兒離開他，因?yàn)樗艚o了她一個(gè)吻。 詞匯積累：tumor n．瘤　pregnant adj.懷孕的 vision n．視力，視線　scholarship n．獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 ***短文改錯(cuò) Three years ago I became a student in an ordinary school. Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently and considerate. Beside, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best of it. I worked hardly and got along well my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they are always available. Soon, I became one of the top student in our class, that greatly increased my confidence and I got more motivated. My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make a use of it what determines who you are. 答案： Three years ago I became a student in an ordinary school. as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers and considerate. ， I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best of it. I worked and got along well my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they always available. Soon, I became one of the top in our class, greatly increased my confidence and I got more motivated. My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it determines who you are. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第三處：Beside→Besides　考查副詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“此外，而且”。beside為介詞，表示“在……旁邊”。故把Beside改為Besides。 第八處：that→which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷，逗號(hào)后的句子是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，故把that改為which。 第十處：what→that　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that ... ”，句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語not what ... use of it(含有not ... but ... 結(jié)構(gòu))，故把what改為that。 ***