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Unit 3 Science versus nature 一、閱讀理解。 “Clothes Swapping” is an activity which has bee increasingly popular among American women.At a clothes swap event the women can give away unwanted clothing and get something different in return. Recently about 300 women went to a clothes swap at a high school in Springfield，Virginia.It was the largest crowd ever for the areas popular clothingswapping group. Daphne Steinberg was having a good day.“For anyone who knows Ann Taylor LOFT，Ann Taylor is a really good womens designer and I will totally wear this to work.So I love that，and I love that I can equip myself for work，have a good time in doing it，and not totally bankrupt(使破產(chǎn))myself.” Sandy Van Dusen likes the idea that clothes are finding new homes instead of being thrown away.“Because it helps to keep the Earth green.Theres no point in my opinion in continuing to buy new clothes when we can reuse what are already here.Give them a new home—let somebody else love what you used to love and no longer love.” Kim Pratt organized the clothes swap event in Springfield.She also organized a moneyraising activity for the high schools debate team.It is one of several ways that her group gives to charitable causes.Another is by donating all of the “unswapped” clothing to shelters for victims of domestic violence. “I started doing this four years ago, and weve been doing it for four years，getting bigger and bigger each time we have a swap.” She used the social media website meetup. to help publicize the events.The website has helped her group grow from 30 members to 1,300.Ms.Pratt says most of the members respect the clothing swap rules.But she says petition for desirable fashion can be strong. “We have to tell people sometimes not to hover(徘徊)over the new people ing in with their clothing.As they put it out，some people tend to grab the stuff right out of their hands and it bees like a freeforall.We try to avoid that as much as possible.” 1．Women can ________ at a clothes swap. A．exchange unwanted clothing for something different B．buy whatever clothing they like C．have a social gathering and make friends D．make some money by giving away unwanted clothing 2．We can learn from what Daphne Steinberg said that ________. A．she had been to a clothes swap for the first time B．she experienced the largest clothes swap ever in the area C．she got some clothes she likes at the clothes swap D．she saved much more money than she had expected 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．What Kim Pratt did with the unswapped clothing. B．How Kim Pratt started the clothes swap event. C．What Kim Pratt did to help people in need. D．How Kim Pratt raised money to help charitable causes. 4．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________. A．clothes swaps are often out of control in the end B．inappropriate behavior at clothes swaps needs to be controlled C．clothes swapping is being increasingly popular with American women D．more clothes swap events need to be organized 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在Springfield的一所高中舉辦的“交換衣服”活動(dòng)，詳細(xì)介紹了活動(dòng)組織人Kim Pratt組織該活動(dòng)的初衷、意義和存在的問題等。 【難句分析】“Clothes Swapping” is an activity which has bee increasingly popular among American women. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。which has bee increasingly popular among American women為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞an activity。 譯文：“交換衣服”是一項(xiàng)越來越受美國女士歡迎的活動(dòng)。 1．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第二句“At a clothes swap event the women can give away unwanted clothing and get something different in return”可知，在“交換衣服”活動(dòng)中，女士可以給出自己不想要的衣服，得到一些不同的衣服，故A項(xiàng)正確。 2．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中Daphne Steinberg所說的話“For anyone who knows Ann Taylor LOFT，Ann Taylor is a really good womens designer and I will totally wear this to work”可知，Daphne Steinberg在這次“交換衣服”活動(dòng)中得到了她喜歡的Ann Taylor設(shè)計(jì)的衣服，并會(huì)穿著它去上班，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　考查段落大意。通讀第五段可知，該段主要介紹了Kim Pratt為幫助需要幫助的人組織的多個(gè)活動(dòng)，包括“交換衣服”活動(dòng)、為Springfield的一所高中的辯論隊(duì)組織的籌款活動(dòng)、捐贈(zèng)衣服給家庭暴力受害者庇護(hù)所的活動(dòng)，故C項(xiàng)正確。 4．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“some people tend to grab the stuff right out of their hands and it bees like a freeforall.We try to avoid that as much as possible”可推知，在“交換衣服”活動(dòng)中，對(duì)一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨閼?yīng)該加以控制，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及；根據(jù)第一段第一句“‘Clothes Swapping is an activity which has bee increasingly popular among American women”可知，第一段直接提到“交換衣服”活動(dòng)在美國女士中越來越受歡迎，不需要推理得出，且在最后一段中沒有體現(xiàn)，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；通讀最后一段可知，該段主要講述“交換衣服”活動(dòng)中可能出現(xiàn)的問題，而不是需要組織更多的“交換衣服”活動(dòng)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 二、單項(xiàng)填空。 1.Many farmers left their fields and went to big cities with the _______ of making money to support their family. A. intention B. determination C. concern D. development 【答案】A 【解析】句意：為了掙錢養(yǎng)家糊口，很多農(nóng)民離開了他們的土地去往大城市。with the intention of“為了， 以……為目的或意圖”，符合句意。determination 決心，果斷；concern 擔(dān)心，關(guān)心；development 發(fā)展。 2.Nash won the Noble Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on game theory. His life story was _______ into the movie A beautiful Mind in 2001. A. adapted B. adopted C. adjusted D. accepted 【答案】A 【解析】句意：納什因其在博弈論上的貢獻(xiàn)獲得了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)。他的人生故事在 2001 年被改 編成電影《美麗心靈》 。adapt 改編，適應(yīng)；adopt 采納，收養(yǎng)；adjust 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；accept 接受。 故選 A 項(xiàng)。 3.The factory near the seaside was closed down as a(a) _______ of the terribly bad management and fund shortage. A. summary B. consequence C. conclusion D. effect 【答案】B 【解析】句意：靠近海濱的這家工廠因?yàn)樵愀獾慕?jīng)營管理和缺少資金而關(guān)閉。summary 概要；consequence 結(jié)果 as a consequence of 表示“由于；因?yàn)椤?； conclusion 結(jié)論；effect 效果， 影響。 4.As China _______ into a market economy, the government no longer assigned jobs, food or free housing to urban residents. A. transplanted B. transferred C. translated D. transformed 【答案】D 【解析】transplanted 移植；transferred 轉(zhuǎn)移；translated 翻譯；transformed 轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：隨著中國轉(zhuǎn)換成市 場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，政府不再分配工作、食物或城市居民的免費(fèi)住房。 5.Further to our telephone conversation this morning, I would like to _______ details of the order which we discussed. A. expand B. confirm C. attach D. convince 【答案】B 【解析】 句意： 關(guān)于上午的電話交談， 我想進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)我們討論的這批訂單的細(xì)節(jié)。 由句意可知， 選 confirm， 意為“確認(rèn)，確定，證實(shí)，批準(zhǔn)”；expand 擴(kuò)張，使膨脹，詳述；attach 使依附，貼上，系上， 使依戀；convince 說服，使相信。 6.—What do you think of the poems? —They are beautiful to read but _______, they are hard to understand. A. in addition B. on the other hand C. as a consequence D. in particular 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)題意“讀起來很美”及“很難理解”可知選 B 項(xiàng)。on the other hand“另一方面”。句意： “你 認(rèn)為這些詩歌怎么樣??？” “它們讀起來很美，但是另一方面卻很難理解。 ” 7.He _______ his plan for dropping out of the university regardless of his parents’ opposition. A. pushed along B. pushed ahead with C. pushed for D. pushed forward 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他不顧父母的反對(duì)，毅然按照自己的計(jì)劃從大學(xué)退學(xué)了。push ahead with “義無反顧地進(jìn) 行”，符合句意。push along 把……推向前；push for 一再強(qiáng)烈要求；push forward 繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。 8.Exam-takers’ “virtue” will be taken into _______ in the future nationwide public servants’ exam. A. focus B. target C. consideration D. contribution 【答案】C 【解析】 句意： 在未來的全國公務(wù)員考試中將會(huì)考慮考試人員的“道德”因素。take...into consideration“考 慮……，把……考慮在內(nèi)”，符合句意。focus 焦點(diǎn)，中心；target 目標(biāo)，靶子；contribution 貢獻(xiàn)， 捐獻(xiàn)，投稿。 9.I am all _______ trying to find ways to save money, but we have to maintain certain standards of quality. A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honor of D. in search of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我完全贊同盡力找到省錢的方法，但是我們必須維持一定的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。in favour of 贊成， 支持；in memory of 為紀(jì)念；in honor of 為了對(duì)……表示敬意；in search of 尋找。 10.He invented a new game _______ children, but it never really _______. A. intended for; caught on B. intended to; counted on C. for; caught up on D. intended to; caught on 【答案】A 【解析】(be)intended for 為……而準(zhǔn)備；(be) intended to do sth 打算做某事；catch on 變得流行；catch up on 事后得到關(guān)于……的消息，趕完，對(duì)……有影響；count on 指望，依靠，依賴，期望。句意：他 為孩子們發(fā)明了一種新的游戲，但它從來沒有真正在流行起來。 11.The _______ to the environment has helped many animals to escape from their enemies and fit in with the surroundings. A. adaptation B. adoption C. recreation D. foundation 【答案】A 【解析】adaptation 改編，適應(yīng)；adoption 收養(yǎng)，采納；recreation 娛樂；foundation 基礎(chǔ)。句意：對(duì)環(huán)境的 適應(yīng)幫助很多動(dòng)物擺脫天敵、適應(yīng)周圍的環(huán)境。 12.Many houses were pletely destroyed in the hurricane which struck the area last week. _______, the victims had to live in the temporary shelters offered by the Red Cross. A. As a result of B. As a consequence C. As usual D. As for 【答案】B 【解析】as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果，of 后須接賓語；as a consequence＝as a result 結(jié)果，因此；as usual 跟往常一樣；as for 至于。consequence 指隨之而發(fā)生的結(jié)果，而 result 指最后的結(jié)果。句意：許 多房屋被上周襲擊這個(gè)地區(qū)的颶風(fēng)給摧毀了。結(jié)果，受害者不得不住在紅十字會(huì)提供的臨時(shí)避難 所里。 13.It is important that climate－friendly technologies should be _______ to developing countries to help them build green economy. A. transformed B. municated C. mitted D. transferred 【答案】D 【解析】transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)讓，傳遞”，符合句意。句意：應(yīng)該將一些環(huán)保型技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓給發(fā)展中國家?guī)椭? 他們建立環(huán)保型的經(jīng)濟(jì)，這一點(diǎn)很重要。transform 改變；municate 交流；mit 犯罪，承諾 做。 14.The spokesman _______ that the president would visit China next week，which cleaned up all doubts. A. concluded B. advised C. demanded D. confirmed 【答案】D 【解析】confirm 確認(rèn)；conclude 結(jié)束；advise 建議；demand 要求。句意：新聞發(fā)言人確認(rèn)了總統(tǒng)將于下 周訪問中國，這消除了一切懷疑。故只有 D 項(xiàng)符合題意。 15.Marty’s disability is “one in a million”. _______,there are not many people in the world like him. A. In other words B. All in all C. For one thing D. On the other hand 【答案】A 【解析】句意：Marty 的障礙是“一百萬分之一”。換句話說，世界上不是很多人都像他那樣。in other words“換句話說”，符合句意。 三、完形填空。 When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t 1 . At twelve, she asked our parents if she could 2 a fulltime music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister 3 talent. I was better at my 4 . My teacher had told my parents that I had great 5 . So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to 6 me. But the only time he was 7 was Saturday afternoons at 3 p．m. Back then, I was 8 about the British TV show The Avengers, which was 9 every Saturday at 3 p．m. I let nothing take up my The Avengers hour. So I 10 this amazing opportunity.Today, I don’t even have a 11 in my house. My sister became an engineer, but she 12 stopped making music. When she was in her 40s, she switched her 13 . She went back to college，got a(n) 14 in music education，and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never 15 ． Recently, she and a pianist pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family 16 for her. As she played, I looked around at the 17 . Everyone was 18 enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7yearold kid making those perfectly 19 sounds and knew how far she had e, despite 20 ． Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，通過講述妹妹追求夢(mèng)想的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：天賦很重要，但更重要的是熱情。 1．A.advance B．quit C．reflect D．listen B　解析：根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；結(jié)合本句的“But”表示的轉(zhuǎn)折意義可知，但她沒有放棄(quit)。 2．A.inspect B．open C．a(chǎn)ttend D．visit C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，盡管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放棄；據(jù)此可以判斷，本句句意為：在十二歲時(shí)，她問父母她是否可以去全日制的音樂學(xué)校上學(xué)。attend school為固定搭配，意為“上學(xué)”。 3．A.lacked B．spotted C．possessed D．a(chǎn)dmired A　解析：根據(jù)上文的“They said no.”和父母沒有答應(yīng)讓她去全日制音樂學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)可以判斷，每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天賦，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．A.major B．project C．position D．instrument D　解析：根據(jù)本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋熃獭拔摇睂W(xué)鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，與妹妹相比，“我”更擅長“我”的樂器。 5．A.patience B．enthusiasm C．potential D．a(chǎn)mbition C　解析：根據(jù)下文的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋焷斫獭拔摇睂W(xué)鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，老師告訴父母說“我”很有潛能(potential)。A項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，B項(xiàng)意為“熱情”，D項(xiàng)意為“抱負(fù)”，都與語境不符。 6．A.train B．examine C．correct D．challenge A　解析：參見上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“培訓(xùn)，教育”；B項(xiàng)意為“檢查”；C項(xiàng)意為“改正”；D項(xiàng)意為“挑戰(zhàn)”。 7．A.punctual B．skillful C．occupied D．a(chǎn)vailable D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，鋼琴老師只有每周六下午三點(diǎn)有空。D項(xiàng)意為“有空的”，符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)的”，B項(xiàng)意為“技術(shù)好的”，C項(xiàng)意為“使用中”，都與語境不符。 8．A.sensitive B．crazy C．serious D．particular B　解析：根據(jù)本句中的“about the British TV show”可判斷，“我”熱衷于一檔英國電視節(jié)目。be crazy about為固定搭配，意為“熱衷于”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“敏感的”，C項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)肅的”，D項(xiàng)意為“特別的，挑剔”，都與語境不符。 9．A.filmed B．designed C．a(chǎn)ired D．mented C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“every Saturday at 3 p．m.”可知，這檔英國電視節(jié)目在每周六的下午三點(diǎn)播放。air在本句中意為“播出，播送”，屬于熟詞生義，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“拍電影”，B項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)計(jì)”，D項(xiàng)意為“評(píng)論”。 10．A.jumped at B．turned down C．waited for D．opened up B　解析：根據(jù)前一句可知，“我”不讓任何事情占用“我”看這檔節(jié)目的時(shí)間，據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”拒絕了這一機(jī)會(huì)。B項(xiàng)意為“拒絕”，符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“迫不及待地接受”，C項(xiàng)意為“等待，等候”，D項(xiàng)意為“打開”，都與語境不符。 11．A.tutor B．violin C．musician D．piano D　解析：根據(jù)本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判斷，由于“我”拒絕了學(xué)鋼琴，所以現(xiàn)在家里甚至一臺(tái)鋼琴也沒有，故D項(xiàng)正確。 12．A.never B．once C．a(chǎn)lready D．even A　解析：根據(jù)空后兩句可知，“我”妹妹在四十幾歲時(shí)上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)音樂；據(jù)此可知，盡管“我”妹妹成了一名工程師，但是她從未(never)停止對(duì)音樂的追求，故A項(xiàng)正確。 13．A.attitude B．career C．plan D．position B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十幾歲時(shí)，她改變了職業(yè)(career)，從工程師成為一名音樂老師，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，C項(xiàng)意為“計(jì)劃”，D項(xiàng)意為“地位”，都與語境不符。 14．A.scholarship B．sponsor C．degree D．a(chǎn)ssistant C　解析：根據(jù)句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)音樂，并取得了音樂教育的學(xué)位(degree)，成了一名音樂老師。A項(xiàng)意為“獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”，B項(xiàng)意為“贊助人”，D項(xiàng)意為“助手”，都與語境不符。 15．A.provided B．imagined C．received D．expected C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的父母認(rèn)為妹妹沒有音樂天賦，拒絕了妹妹上全日制音樂學(xué)校的請(qǐng)求，據(jù)此可以判斷，妹妹做音樂老師時(shí)，給了孩子們她未曾得到(received)的鼓勵(lì)和支持。A項(xiàng)意為“提供”，B項(xiàng)意為“想象”，D項(xiàng)意為“期望”，都與語境不符。 16．A.voted B．feared C．stayed up D．turned up D　解析：根據(jù)上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位鋼琴家舉辦了一場(chǎng)演奏會(huì)；據(jù)此可以判斷，朋友和家人們都到場(chǎng)了。A項(xiàng)意為“投票”，B項(xiàng)意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，C項(xiàng)意為“熬夜”，D項(xiàng)意為“到達(dá)，露面”。 17．A.students B．a(chǎn)udience C．spotlights D．platform B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂；據(jù)此可知，“我”環(huán)顧了四周的觀眾(audience)，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)生”，C項(xiàng)意為“聚光燈”，D項(xiàng)意為“平臺(tái)，講臺(tái)”。 18．A.obviously B．desperately C．a(chǎn)ppropriately D．a(chǎn)nxiously A　解析：根據(jù)本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很顯然(obviously)，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂。B項(xiàng)意為“極其”，C項(xiàng)意為“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍保珼項(xiàng)意為“著急地”，都與語境不符。 19．A.booming B．pleasing C．a(chǎn)wful D．powerful C　解析：根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，七歲時(shí)，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“迅速發(fā)展的”，B項(xiàng)意為“令人愉快的”，D項(xiàng)意為“有力量的”，都與語境不符。 20．A.everything B．something C．everybody D．somebody A　解析：根據(jù)本句中的“and knew how far she had e，despite”并結(jié)合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七歲時(shí)演奏小提琴的糟糕的聲音，只有“我”知道她不顧一切(everything)走了多遠(yuǎn)。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 My neighbor Jackie is always consideration to others.One day，I was going to deliver a speech at an institute while I found my car wouldn’t get starting.I rushed to the street to hire a taxi.Just at that time，I e across Jackie.He was hurried going to attend his sick mother in hospital. Furthermore，when he learned about my problems，he didn’t hesitate to give me a lift.I arrived at the lecture hall in time，when the audience had been present.I owe my great thanks to my neighbor Jackie，who is a person ready to help the others at any time. 答案： My neighbor Jackie is always to others.One day，I was going to deliver a speech at an institute I found my car wouldn’t get .I rushed to the street to hire a taxi.Just at that time，I across Jackie.He was going to attend his sick mother in hospital. ，when he learned about my ，he didn’t hesitate to give me a lift.I arrived at the lecture hall in time， the audience had been present.I owe my great thanks to my neighbor Jackie，who is a person ready to help others at any time.