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Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 一、閱讀理解。 Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to acplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos. Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One mon way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman. Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”. Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a mercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion. 1.What is the purpose of persuasion? A. To advise somebody to support you. B. To help someone have special skill C. To convince somebody to realize his aim. D. To talk someone into being honest. 2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him? A. Pathos. B. Ethos. C. Logos. D. Education. 3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in mon? A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt. B. Both save people from terrible wars. C. Both make the audience support them. D. Both persuade people to donate money. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion C. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了源自于古希臘且一直沿用至今的說(shuō)服他人的藝術(shù)，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三種方式以及用這三種方式說(shuō)服他人在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。 1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to acplish.”可知，說(shuō)服是為了建議人們支持你。故選A。 3.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能會(huì)說(shuō)他會(huì)獨(dú)自一人從可拍的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中挽救一個(gè)國(guó)家為了說(shuō)服觀眾為他投票，動(dòng)物慈善機(jī)構(gòu)向觀眾展示受傷的貓或者狗的圖片是為了讓觀眾感到可憐，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的共同之處是他們都想讓聽(tīng)眾支持他們。故選C。 4.B 【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題?？v觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了說(shuō)服人的藝術(shù)，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及這三種方式在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服的三種基本方式”為最佳標(biāo)題，概況了文章中心主旨。故選B。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空。 1．They ________(interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door. 答案：were interrupted　表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，且主語(yǔ)they與 interrupt之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，填were interrupted。 2．We have no alternative but ________(sell) our house to pay the debt. 答案：to sell　have no alternative but to do ... “除……之外別無(wú)選擇，只能做……”。 3．It is generally ________(assume) that stress is caused by too much work. 答案：assumed　It is assumed that ... “普遍認(rèn)為……”。 4．We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great ________ (significant) to both our society and ourselves. 答案：significance　of great significance＝very significant “意義重大/非常重要”。 5．Once ________(arrest), he was likely to betray everything to the police. 答案：arrested　arrest與其邏輯主語(yǔ)he之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 6．If only I ________ (look) ahead a few days ago! Then I wouldnt have been feeling so worried now. 答案：had looked　由語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷if only后應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)a few days ago 可知表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故應(yīng)填had looked。look ahead “向前看；為將來(lái)打算”。 7．This is a historic building ________(date) back to the 17th century. 答案：dating　date back to＝date from表示“追溯到……”，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，且building和date back to存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞dating作后置定語(yǔ)。 8．I am fed up ________this weather; its time we had some sunshine. 答案：with　be fed up with “受夠了；厭煩……”。 9．Sometimes we went ahead and did it, regardless ________the consequences. 答案：of　regardless of “不管；不顧”。 10．While working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the ________(accurate)． 答案：accuracy　由空格前的冠詞the可知，此處填名詞形式。 三、完形填空。 It impressed me a lot.I never thought that little help will __1__ out to be the most satisfying thing I have ever done.He was tired，and __2__ to climb further.With a broad __3__，he asked if I could help him with some money.He was paralyzed(癱瘓) in both legs and was __4__ funds for some operation.He said that if operated successfully，he could __5__ a training guaranteeing him a job.I was full of __6__ and even asked him to show his legs.I gave him the __7__ money.After a few days，he again came at my doorstep asking for more money for acmodation.This time I was more or less __8__ he was not cheating me.I gave him some and said，“This is all I have.” A year went by and I had moved to a(n) __9__ place.One fine day I got a call from an unknown number.Caller called out his name but I didnt __10__ him.Then he said he was the very paralyzed person I helped a year ago. I asked him how he was doing.He said，“What sir, you recognize me not by my name but by my __11__ state.” “With your kind help I am now able to __12__ on my legs without support.I was operated __13__.I am married to a beautiful lady and have a stable __14__.” I dont __15__ remember if I gave him my phone number.__16__，what he said next was touching.He said he wanted to return my money so that I didnt feel cheated and would continue to help people __17__ in the future.I dont know whether he read my facial expression the day I helped him but tears were __18__ down my face.That day I promised him I would continue to help people as I saw a(n) __19__—small or big.__20__ a lifechanged event of my life. 1．A.send B．break C．bring D．turn 2．A.struggling B．substituting C．playing D．walking 3．A.look B．smile C．view D．whisper 4．A.finding B．raising C．seeking D．earning 5．A.pretend B．intend C．a(chǎn)ttend D．tend 6．A.interests B．minds C．worries D．doubts 7．A.remaining B．left C．hiding D．forgotten 8．A.informed B．prepared C．convinced D．outspoken 9．A.new B．old C．systematic D．bad 10．A.remind B．recognize C．replace D．repeat 11．A.excited B．messed C．disabled D．stressed 12．A.live B．base C．focus D．stand 13．A.successfully B．surprisingly C．hopefully D．naturally 14．A.reason B．promise C．character D．job 15．A.also B．even C．a(chǎn)lready D．only 16．A.Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Meanwhile 17．A.in need B．in place C．in favor D．in advance 18．A.bringing B．putting C．running D．pulling 19．A.behavior B．case C．a(chǎn)ccident D．opportunity 20．A.Strangely B．Truly C．Generally D．Originally 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者一次無(wú)意間的幫助改變了一位癱瘓者的一生。這件事也改變了作者的人生，讓他決定繼續(xù)幫助那些有困難的人。 1．D　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處指作者從未想過(guò)一個(gè)小小的幫助最后竟成為他曾做過(guò)的最令自己滿意的一件事。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都能與out組成固定短語(yǔ)。turn out意為“結(jié)果是，最后成為”，符合語(yǔ)境。send out意為“發(fā)出”；break out意為“爆發(fā)”；bring out意為“生產(chǎn)，出版”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 2．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“paralyzed (癱瘓)”可知，他癱瘓了，所以此處應(yīng)指他努力往前爬。A項(xiàng)意為“努力，掙扎”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“替換”；C項(xiàng)意為“玩”；D項(xiàng)意為“走”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 3．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“broad”可知，此處應(yīng)指他咧嘴微笑著。B項(xiàng)意為“微笑”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“表情”；C項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“耳語(yǔ)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 4．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上句中的“help him with some money”可知，此處應(yīng)指他在籌集手術(shù)資金。B項(xiàng)意為“籌集”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“找到”；C項(xiàng)意為“尋找”；D項(xiàng)意為“掙得”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 5．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)指如果手術(shù)成功了，他就能參加能讓他得到一份工作的培訓(xùn)。C項(xiàng)意為“參加”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“假裝”；B項(xiàng)意為“打算”；D項(xiàng)意為“往往會(huì)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 6．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“even asked him to show his legs”可知，作者要求看看他的腿，所以對(duì)他所說(shuō)的話應(yīng)該是充滿了懷疑。D項(xiàng)意為“懷疑”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“興趣”；B項(xiàng)意為“思想”；C項(xiàng)意為“擔(dān)心”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 7．A　考查形容詞辨析。此處指作者把手上剩余的錢都給了他。A項(xiàng)意為“剩余的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“剩下的”，不作前置定語(yǔ)；C項(xiàng)意為“隱藏的”；D項(xiàng)意為“被遺忘的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 8．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“he was not cheating me”和下句中的“gave him some”可知，作者給了他一些錢，有幾分確信他并沒(méi)有騙自己。C項(xiàng)意為“確信的，信服的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的”；B項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備好的”；D項(xiàng)意為“坦率的，直言不諱的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 9．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文的“moved to”及下文作者接到一個(gè)陌生電話可知，作者搬到了一個(gè)新地方。A項(xiàng)意為“新的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“舊的”；C項(xiàng)意為“系統(tǒng)化的”；D項(xiàng)意為“壞的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 10．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”及下文中的“you recognize me not by my name”可知，打電話的人報(bào)出了自己的名字，但作者并沒(méi)有認(rèn)出他來(lái)。B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)出”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“提醒”；C項(xiàng)意為“代替”；D項(xiàng)意為“重復(fù)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 11．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“Then he said he was the very paralyzed person”可知，作者不是通過(guò)他的名字而是通過(guò)他癱瘓的情況認(rèn)出了他。C項(xiàng)意為“殘疾的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“興奮的”；B項(xiàng)意為“混亂的”；D項(xiàng)意為“有壓力的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 12．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“without support”可知，此處指他不需要支架就可以自己站起來(lái)。D項(xiàng)意為“站立，站起來(lái)”，符合語(yǔ)境。live意為“居住”；base意為“基于”；focus意為“關(guān)注”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 13．A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上一句可知，他現(xiàn)在能夠站起來(lái)，所以手術(shù)成功了。A項(xiàng)意為“成功地”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“令人驚奇地”；C項(xiàng)意為“有希望地”；D項(xiàng)意為“自然地”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 14．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)及上文中提到的“guaranteeing him a job”可推斷出，他結(jié)婚了，還有了一份穩(wěn)定的工作。D項(xiàng)意為“工作”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“理由”；B項(xiàng)意為“允諾”；C項(xiàng)意為“性格”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 15．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及上文中的“A year went by”可知，此處指作者甚至不記得是否給過(guò)他電話號(hào)碼。B項(xiàng)意為“甚至”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。 16．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，作者甚至不記得是否給過(guò)他電話號(hào)碼，但是他接下來(lái)說(shuō)的話卻令人感動(dòng)。C項(xiàng)意為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“因此”；B項(xiàng)意為“否則”；D項(xiàng)意為“與此同時(shí)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 17．A　考查短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這位曾經(jīng)癱瘓的人想將錢還給作者，這樣作者就不會(huì)感覺(jué)到自己被騙從而以后可以放心去幫助那些有困難的人。A項(xiàng)意為“在危難中的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?；C項(xiàng)不是短語(yǔ)；D項(xiàng)意為“提前”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 18．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指眼淚流過(guò)作者的臉龐。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都能與down組成短語(yǔ)。run down意為“往下流”，符合語(yǔ)境。bring down意為“降低，打倒”；put down意為“鎮(zhèn)壓，記下”；pull down意為“拉下來(lái)，摧毀”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 19．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及本句中的“small or big”可知，此處表示只要有機(jī)會(huì)，無(wú)論大小，作者都會(huì)繼續(xù)幫助他人。D項(xiàng)意為“機(jī)會(huì)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“行為”； B項(xiàng)意為“事例”；C項(xiàng)意為“事故”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 20．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容以及第一段第一句可知，此處與第一句相呼應(yīng)，指的是這的確是改變了作者一生的事情。B項(xiàng)意為“確實(shí)，的確”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“奇怪地”；C項(xiàng)意為“大體上地”；D項(xiàng)意為“起初”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 四、單句改錯(cuò)。 1．Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest. _________________________________________________ 答案：Assumed→Assuming　Assuming that ... “假定/假 設(shè)……”，常位于句首作狀語(yǔ)。 2．He could have finished it on schedule, but anyhow he fell behind. __________________________________________________ 答案：anyhow→somehow　somehow “不知怎么地；以某種方式”。anyhow＝anyway “盡管如此”。 3．Im very sorry to interrupt with you, but I have something important to tell you. _________________________________________________ 答案：去掉with　interrupt為及物動(dòng)詞，interrupt sb./sth. “打斷某人/某事”。 4．We had been waiting for you for an hour; we dont want to wait any longer. __________________________________________________ 答案：had→have　由語(yǔ)境可知，“等待”這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)是持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 5．Which is mentioned above, they have succeeded in solving many problems with the new theory. ___________________________________________________ 答案：Which→As　該句中從句為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能置于句首。As is mentioned above “正如上面所提到的那樣”。 五、短文改錯(cuò)。 Our life today has many problems. One of the biggest problems are pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It killed our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us to talk louder and bee angry more easy. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution, what is bad for living things in the world. We need to do a lot of thing to fight pollution. Factories must clean our waste water before it thrown away. We cant throw waste things on the ground. We can go to work by bus and with our friends in a same car. Everybody must help to fight pollution. 【答案】 Our life today has many problems. One of the biggest problems ar pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kille our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us 　 talk louder and bee angry more eas. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution, wha is bad for living things in the world. We need to do a lot of thin to fight pollution. Factories must clean ou waste water before it thrown away. We cant throw waste things on the ground. We can go to work by bus an with our friends in same car. Everybody must help to fight pollution. 第一處：are改為is?？疾橹髦^一致。主語(yǔ)one of the biggest problems是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 第二處：killed改為kills?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由and和pollutes可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，因此用kills。 第三處：to去掉?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make作使役動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 第四處：easy改為easily?？疾楦痹~。副詞修飾系動(dòng)詞bee。 第五處：what改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺主語(yǔ)，which指代前面的air pollution。 第六處：thing改為things?？疾槊~。a lot of在這里修飾可數(shù)名詞，故用thing的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第七處：our改為their/the?？疾榇~。本句Factories must clean...中主語(yǔ)的是第三人稱，所以water也應(yīng)改被their修飾。同時(shí)，the waste water也可以指工廠的廢水。 第八處：thrown前加is?？疾楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。廢水與排放是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)詞態(tài)。 第九處：and改為or。考查連詞。本句講的是我們上班可以選用兩種方式中的一種，所以用or表選擇關(guān)系，而and表示兩者都使用，不合理。 第十處：a改為the。考查冠詞。同一輛車，用the same car。