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Global warming 一、閱讀理解。 Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages — clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final. Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, bined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陳代謝), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death. To show how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out from an artery (動脈). The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自發(fā)的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room.Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal. 1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _________. A. heisstillverymuchalive B. hecannotavoidfinaldeath C. hismostimportantorgansaredamaged forever D. he still has the possibility of getting back to life 2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _________. A. cooltheorganism B. delaytheingofbiologicaldeath C. slowdownthebody’smetabolism D. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life 3.The text mainly talks about _________. A. clinical death and biological death B.an experiment on a monkey C. the meaning of death D. the process before death 4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _________. A. Keta was impolite B. Keta was healthy C. Keta was ill D. Keta was crazy 【文章大意】本文主要敘述了為了延緩生理死亡的到來，科學(xué)家盡量延長臨床死亡的時間。 1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段內(nèi)容“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved”可知，一個臨床死亡的人還有可能活過來，故選D。 3.A 【解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出了人類死亡的兩個階段：臨床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提出科學(xué)家們想辦法延長臨床死亡；第三段通過用猴子做實驗來驗證延長臨床死亡的方法，故本文主要論述了臨床死亡和生理死亡，選A項。 4.B 【解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一句“Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.”（她的行為無異于健康動物的行為），可推知劃線部分句子說明Keta是健康的，故選B項。 二、單句語法填空 1．___________ (advocate) by many wellknown experts and film stars, the product was very popular at one time. 答案：Advocated 2．Most of the students interviewed last week opposed ___________ (have) classes on Sunday. 答案：having 3．Quantities of money ___________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married. 答案：have been spent 4．There are a variety of animals ___________ (range) from rabbits to tigers in the park, including a rare species of monkey. 答案：ranging 5．(天津卷)He was a good student and scored ___________ average in most subjects. 答案：above 6．How did it e ___________ that you were an hour late on such a short trip? 答案：about 7．In the past, only in country areas did people tend___________ (believe) that boys were smarter than girls, which was great prejudice against girls. 答案：to believe 8．He will have to find some other work, for he can’t put up ___________ this loud noise any more. 答案：with 9．(2018黃山七校聯(lián)考)Failure results ___________ laziness and hard work results___________ success. 答案：from; in 10．There is no doubt ___________ the proposal he put forward at the meeting is unacceptable. 答案：that 三、完形填空。 From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up. But no matter how much he studied and took tests, he was never 1 to fly in space. 2 ， he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests. In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his 3 ． Thinking about all the time and 4 Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut, people felt 5 for him. Despite what he was told about having to 6 his ambition, Parker continued training and studying， 7 he was going to have the tests the next month. He 8 as he got older, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important 9 experiments. For those experiments they needed a very 10 astronaut. Parker, who walked with a 11 ， was the only old man in the whole world who was 12 to fly in a rocket. Therefore, Parker found himself flying in 13 ， all with the help of science. It was clear that the 14 gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, and Parker was 15 as a hero. Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth 16 all over the world, and became a 17 of how you can never train or learn too much. It showed that 18 effort always brings 19 even though it may not be in the form we had first 20 ． 【解題導(dǎo)語】　Parker從小立志做一名宇航員，卻一直未實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。但他從未放棄希望，一如既往地進(jìn)行飛行訓(xùn)練。終于在年老時實現(xiàn)了自己的愿望。 1．A.noticed　　　　　　　 B．selected C．invited D．permitted B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests”可知，此處指他從來沒有被選(selected)去太空飛行。 2．A.Secretly B．Suddenly C．Luckily D．Finally D　解析：最后，Parker已經(jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡。finally “最終，終于”。 3．A.dream B．task C．need D．belief A　解析：文章開頭談及Parker的夢想，因為他已經(jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡，所以他永遠(yuǎn)也無法實現(xiàn)他的夢想(dream)。 4．A.reputation B．power C．effort D．practice C　解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“But no matter how much he studied and took tests”可知，Parker付出了很多時間和努力(effort)。人們一想到Parker為成為宇航員所付出的時間和努力就為他感到遺憾(sorry)。 5．A.happy B．sorry C．nervous D．calm B　解析：參見上題解析。 6．A.ignore B．forget C．develop D．a(chǎn)bandon D　解析：盡管有人告訴Parker，他不得不放棄(abandon) 他的目標(biāo)，但他還是繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)，好像(as if)下個月他要參加測試似的。 7．A.so that B．now that C．a(chǎn)s if D．even though C　解析：參見上題解析。 8．A.carried on B．took on C．turned off D．got off A　解析：Parker繼續(xù)(學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練)。carry on“繼續(xù)做，堅持干”，符合語境。 9．A.electrical B．physical C．medical D．political C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people”可知，Parker得知他們在太空做醫(yī)學(xué)實驗。medical“醫(yī)療的”，符合語境。electrical“用電的”；physical“物理學(xué)的”；political“政治的”。 10．A.sick B．experienced C．a(chǎn)ctive D．old D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，他們需要一位年紀(jì)大的(old) 宇航員。 11．A.map B．stick C．guide D．candle B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick”可知，當(dāng)時Parker走路需要拐杖。a walking stick“拐杖”。 12．A.planned B．trained C．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed B　解析：根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Parker參加訓(xùn)練就是為了能夠在太空飛行。故B項符合語境。 13．A.silence B．danger C．a(chǎn)ction D．space D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處指Parker參加實驗后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在太空(space)飛行。 14．A.knowledge B．experience C．money D．opportunity A　解析：在那些任務(wù)中所獲得的知識(knowledge)有助于治愈老人們最嚴(yán)重的疾病之一。 15．A.replaced B．educated C．praised D．a(chǎn)ffected C　解析：Parker被人們稱贊(praised)為一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影響”。 16．A.moved B．flew C．spread D．took C　解析：這位拄著拐杖且沒有牙齒的宇航員的照片在全世界傳播(spread) 開來。 17．A.symbol B．mark C．case D．doubt A　解析：Parker的照片成了一種象征(symbol)——你再怎么多得去學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練都不為過。 18．A.desperate B．persistent C．cautious D．a(chǎn)pparent B　解析：這表明堅持不懈的(persistent) 努力總會帶來回報(reward)。 desperate“絕望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“顯而易見的”。 19．A.award B．prize C．result D．reward D　解析：參見上題解析。 20．A.expected B．guessed C．suggested D．proved A　解析：堅持不懈的努力總會帶來回報，盡管它不是我們最初所期待(expected)的那種形式。 四、單句改錯 1．On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen steady in recent decades. ___________ 答案：steady→steadily 2．A big fire broke out last night；as the consequence, the house was pletely destroyed.___________ 答案：第一個the→a 3．A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, resulted in an increase in production. ___________ 答案：resulted→resulting 4．When paring with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.___________ 答案：paring→pared 5．Opposing to the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike on Sunday. ___________ 答案：Opposing→Opposed 五、單元語法——強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1．(廣東卷)It is only by listening to and understanding each other ___________ problems between parents and children can be settled. 答案：that 2．(2018安徽六校聯(lián)考)Actually, it’s not the years in your life ___________ count, but the life in your years. 答案：that 3．(2018浙江桐鄉(xiāng)四校聯(lián)考)Was it in the library where he often went to do some reading ___________ he met the pretty girl? 答案：that 4．(2018河南鄭州四中調(diào)研)As we know, it was not until recently ___________ the problem was solved. 答案：that 5．It was my sister ___________ found it hard to get along well with the other girls and refused the invitation. 答案：who/that