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必修4 Unit 1　Women of achievement 一、閱讀理解 A Here are our suggestions for keeping busy this week. Dive in! Take to the waves in Southampton Always fancied trying your hand at sailing? Now’s your chance. The Southampton Boat Show has plenty of opportunities for visitors to get out on the water to experience boat sailing, power boating or taking a ride on a RIB ― all for free. Discover an island on the Thames To celebrate Totally Thames, a month-long festival is held at various locations across London. We’ve discovered 21 of the river’s most fascinating islands ― all of them with interesting stories to tell. Make the most of it with our map here. Catch great films in Bristol Over six days, Encounters Film Festival screens up to 400 films from over 60 different countries. The Bristol festival provides a platform for international filmmakers, and offers a gateway to the likes of the BAFTAs, Oscars and European Film Awards. See here for full details. Get scientific in London Experience the latest, best and most challenging science covering all areas of our lives and universe at New Scientist Live at ExCel London. New Scientist Live is a four-day festival full of ideas and discoveries from the team behind the world’s most popular science weekly magazine, featuring four zones ― Brain & Body, Technology, Earth and Universe ― as well as talks from experts and over 200 exhibitors. 1. Which is the most suitable for sailing lovers? A. Take to the waves in Southampton. B. Discover an island on the Thames. C. Catch great films in Bristol. D. Get scientific in London. 2. What is New Scientist Live? A. A science weekly magazine. B. A festival to celebrate great scientists. C. An exhibition to show scientific discoveries. D. A festival where ideas and discoveries are shared. 3. Where can you find the text? A. On a noticeboard. B. On a website. C. In a newspaper. D. In a book review. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為應(yīng)用文，主要推介一周活動(dòng)安排。 2. D【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Get scientific in London部分中的"New Scientist Live is a four-day festival full of ideas and discoveries..."可知，New Scientist Live是一個(gè)為期四天的與大眾分享科學(xué)想法和發(fā)現(xiàn)的節(jié) 日。故選D。 3. B【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是Discover an island on the Thames部分中的"Make the most of it with our map here"和Catch great films in Bristol部分中的"See here for full details"可知，本文最有可 能出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)站上，故選B。 B Four years ago, we asked ourselves: What if we could create a shopping experience with no waiting in line and no checkout? Or could we create a physical store where customers could simply take what they want and go? Our answer to those questions is Amazon Go, where you could experience the idea of “just walk out shopping”． Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required. We created the worlds most advanced shopping technology, so you never have to wait in line. With our “just walk out shopping” experience, simply use the Amazon Go app to enter the store, take the products you want, and go! No lines, no checkout. Our checkoutfree shopping experience is made possible by the same types of technologies used in selfdriving cars: puter vision, sensor fusion, and deep learning. Our “just walk out technology” automatically detects when products are taken from or returned to the shelves and keeps track of them in your virtual cart. When youre done shopping, you can just leave the store. Shortly after, well charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt. We offer delicious readytoeat breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options made fresh every day by our onsite chefs and favorite local kitchens and bakeries. Our selection of foodstuff ranges from bread and milk to cheeses and locally made chocolates. Youll find wellknown brands we love, plus special finds were excited to introduce to customers. For a quick homecooked dinner, pick up one of our chefdesigned Amazon Meal Kits, and you can make a meal for two in about 30 minutes. Our roughly 1,800squarefoot shopping space is conveniently pact(緊湊的), so busy customers can get in and out fast. It is located at 2131, 7th Ave, Seattle, WA, on the corner of 7th Avenue and Blanchard Street. All you need is an Amazon account, a supported smartphone, and the free Amazon Go app. Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program, and will be open to the public soon. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了有關(guān)Amazon Go便利店的一些信息。 【難句分析】Or could we create a physical store where customers could simply take what they want and go? 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中“where customers could simply take what they want and go”為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞store；其中take后接what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句what they want and go。 譯文：或者我們能不能創(chuàng)建一家實(shí)體店，在那里顧客只要拿走他們想要的東西然后離開？ 1．From the passage, we can learn that Amazon Go ________. A．is a checkoutfree store B．sells all kinds of goods C．is open to the public D．uses unknown technologies 答案與解析：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required.”可知，Amazon Go便利店無(wú)需在收銀臺(tái)結(jié)賬，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)文中沒有提及；根據(jù)文章最后一句“Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program, and will be open to the public soon.”可知，Amazon Go目前僅處于試營(yíng)業(yè)階段，僅對(duì)亞馬遜員工開放，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段第一句“Our checkoutfree shopping experience is made possible by the same types of technologies used in selfdriving cars：puter vision，sensor fusion, and deep learning.”可知，Amazon Go使用的技術(shù)類似于無(wú)人駕駛汽車的技術(shù)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 2．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3? A．When Amazon Go charges. B．How Amazon Go works. C．Where Amazon Go lies. D．What Amazon Go sells. 答案與解析：B考查段落大意。通讀第三段可知，該段主要介紹了無(wú)人收銀的技術(shù)原理，即類似于無(wú)人駕駛汽車的技術(shù)；還介紹了顧客付款的技術(shù)原理。據(jù)此可知，該段主要介紹Amazon Go便利店的運(yùn)作原理，故B項(xiàng)正確。 3．Customers pay for the products from Amazon Go by ________. A．paying cash at the counter B．walking out of the store C．using their Amazon accounts D．scanning smartphones when leaving 答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Shortly after, well charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt.”可知，在顧客離開后，Amazon Go會(huì)通過亞馬遜賬戶收取顧客的費(fèi)用，故C項(xiàng)正確。 4．The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A．encourage people to shop online B．a(chǎn)dvise people to work for Amazon C．inform people of a new concept store D．tell people of the shopping experience 答案與解析：C　考查寫作意圖。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一種新形式的零售便利店Amazon Go，介紹了該便利店的運(yùn)作過程、技術(shù)原理、地理位置、即食食品服務(wù)等。故C項(xiàng)正確。 二、七選五 By 2025，water shortage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billion people.In a world where water resource is increasingly short，nations cannot afford to waste it.__1__After we use water in our homes and businesses，it is washed away，and takes many valuable resources with it. Waste water is rich in carbon and nutrients.__2__ A number of nations and major cities have already built waste water treatment plants.They can effectively recover nutrients and bioenergy，and produce “new water” that can be reused.But more than 80% of all waste water still currently flows into natural ecosystems，polluting the environment and taking valuable nutrients and other recoverable materials with it. __3__ This is still better than the situation in smaller cities.In Latin American countries，those living in small and mediumsized cities at most treat it in the form of septic tanks (化糞池)that lack regular and proper maintenance. Imagine that outside one of these small cities lies a lovely piece of land：on the surface it is pleasingly built and provides habitats for local wildlife.Beneath the surface is a wetland that treats waste water and produces energy.The energy produced saves families from having to use firewood collected in the wild.This is not a dream project.__4__ A team of scientists have been looking into the potential of constructed wetland environments.Having analyzed 800 examples of biomass in more than 20 countries，they found that，depending on climate and the type of plant used in the construction of this type of wetland，up to 45 hectares of land could be irrigated with waste water.__5__ A．But that is exactly what we do. B．This can provide easy access to clean water. C．There is no longer any good reason to waste any type of water. D．A constructed wetland environment is already in practice on a small scale. E．This would reduce the need for fresh water for irrigation and energy for pumping. F．If collected and treated properly，it could provide “new water”，fertilizer，and energy. G．Although waste water systems in large cities are effective，the whole procedure usually costs much. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了當(dāng)前世界水資源的現(xiàn)狀以及有效利用水資源的方法。 1．A　上文說(shuō)在水資源短缺的大環(huán)境下，很多國(guó)家不能承擔(dān)浪費(fèi)(的后果)，下文說(shuō)我們用完水后，就直接把水沖走。根據(jù)上下文可知，A項(xiàng)“但是那正是我們所做的”與此處匹配，起承上啟下作用，故選A。 2．F　上文說(shuō)廢水富含碳元素和養(yǎng)分，而F項(xiàng)說(shuō)如果收集和處理得當(dāng)，它就能提供“新的水”、肥料和能量，前后形成語(yǔ)義上的銜接，故選F。 3．G　下文講述的是拉丁美洲的中小城市的廢水處理系統(tǒng)缺乏常規(guī)和合適的維護(hù)，而G項(xiàng)提到大城市的廢水處理系統(tǒng)有效但成本高，與本段內(nèi)容吻合，故選G。 4．D　上文提到在這些小城市建造濕地環(huán)境的設(shè)想，下文提到已經(jīng)有科學(xué)家在研究建造的濕地環(huán)境的潛力了，由此可知，D項(xiàng)“建造的濕地環(huán)境已經(jīng)在小范圍的實(shí)踐中了”符合語(yǔ)境。 5．E　上文講述的是這種解決方案的另一種好處是人們可以用廢水灌溉農(nóng)田，而E說(shuō)這可以減少用淡水灌溉的需求及抽水所需的能量，前后語(yǔ)義銜接，故選E。 三、短文改錯(cuò) 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2018淄博市高三模擬考試) My new friend Tom is good at English writing.One day，I asked him how he did such well in written English.He told me that he has a habit of keep a diary every day.“You can try them，too.Im sure you will improve your written English quickly in this way，”he said.I thought Tom was right，but I decided to follow his advices.I started to write down something interested every day.Sometimes when I didnt know how to spell a word，I would look it up in a dictionary.When I didn’t know how to write a sentence correct，I would ask my teacher for the help.My written English has really improved a lot because that. 【答案】 My new friend Tom is good at English writing.One day，I asked him how he did suc well in written English.He told me that he a habit of a diary every day.“You can try ，too.Im sure you will improve your written English quickly in this way，”he said.I thought Tom was right， I decided to follow his .I started to write down something every day.Sometimes when I didnt know how to spell a word，I would look it up in a dictionary.When I didn’t know how to write a sentence ，I would ask my teacher for help.My written English has really improved a lot because that. 第一處：考查副詞。根據(jù)后面的副詞“well”可判斷出，此處應(yīng)用副詞so。 第二處：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可判斷出，此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。 第三處：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞of后面應(yīng)接v.ing形式。 第四處：考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用it指代“寫日記”這一習(xí)慣。 第五處：考查連詞。語(yǔ)境表示，作者認(rèn)為Tom所言是正確的，于是作者決定按他的建議去做。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷出，前后句是并列關(guān)系或者因果關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用連詞and/so。 第六處：考查名詞。advice是不可數(shù)名詞，不能變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第七處：考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用interesting作后置定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞“something”，說(shuō)明事物的特征，表示“有趣的事情”。 第八處：考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞correctly修飾動(dòng)詞“write”。 第九處：考查固定短語(yǔ)。ask for help是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“求助”。 第十處：考查介詞。because后接原因狀語(yǔ)從句，because of后常接名詞或代詞。根據(jù)后面的“that”可判斷出，此處應(yīng)加介詞of 四、短文語(yǔ)法填空 In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library is now as simple as shopping online: click, pay __1__ wait for delivery. The city’s public library recently launched a program on WeChat, __2__ popular Chinese messaging software，enabling its readers to check out books online and get them __3__ (deliver) to their homes at low prices. To enjoy the “Hangzhou enjoyable reading” service, one first needs to follow the library’s official WeChat account, __4__ provides a list of books.After picking books, borrowers are required __5__ (present) their information such as their library membership cards, cellphone numbers and so on.The selected items will be delivered by express within three days after payments.Each reader can borrow up to 5 books once and 20 books at most __6__ total.The books can be kept for up to 40 days.Readers now can borrow the library’s most popular books in this way.The online books will be renewed and enriched __7__ (gradual) according to readers’ borrowing habits and __8__ (prefer)．At the end of December, the library’s old and classic books __9__ (put) online too, making the total number of books available and bringing borrowers a lot of __10__ (convenient)． 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了杭州公共圖書館在微信平臺(tái)開放網(wǎng)上借書，并可以送書到家，和網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物一樣方便。 1．a(chǎn)nd　click, pay與wait為并列的三個(gè)動(dòng)詞，最后兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間用and連接。故填and。 2．a(chǎn)　此處泛指“一個(gè)流行的中文通信軟件”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。 3．delivered　此處為“get＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，them指代books，與deliver之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。get sth.done表示“使某物被做……”。故填delivered。 4．which　設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為account，指物，故應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)該從句。 5．to present　require sb.to do sth.意為“需要/要求某人做某事”，為固定搭配。此處為其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，故填to present。 6．in　in total意為“總共”，為固定短語(yǔ)。故填in。 7．gradually　設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞renewed和enriched，應(yīng)用副詞。故填gradually。 8．preferences　設(shè)空處和名詞habits并列，用and連接，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填preferences。 9．will be put　根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)At the end of December可知用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，且put和books之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填will be put。 10．convenience　設(shè)空處作動(dòng)詞bring的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞。故填convenience。