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必修4　Unit 4　Body language 一、閱讀理解 A Facing increasing pressure to raise students scores on standardized tests, schools are urging kids to work harder by offering them obvious encouragements. Happy Meals are at the low end of the scale. With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and — in a growing number of cases — cold, hard cash. The appeal of such programs is obvious, but the consequences of tying grades to goods are still uncertain. Its been a mon tradition in middleclass families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life. But for many disadvantaged minority children, the longterm benefits of getting an education are not so clear, according to experts. No one knows for sure how well cash and other bigticket rewards work in education in the long run. But there are plenty of concerns that this kind of practice could have negative effects on kids. Virginia Shiller, a clinical psychologist, says that its worth experimenting with cash encouragements but that tying them to success on a test is not a worthwhile goal. “Id rather see rewards based on effort and responsibility — things that will lead to success in life，” she says. Even if rewards dont lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school. Charles McVean, a businessman and philanthropist (慈善家), started a tutoring program which pays higherachieving students $10 an hour to tutor struggling classmates and divides them into teams. During the course of the year, students bond and pete. The team posting the highest math scores wins the top cash prize of $100. McVean calls the bination of peer (同齡人) tutoring, petition，and cash encouragements a recipe for “nothing less than magic”． For its part, the Seminole County Public Schools system in Florida plans to continue its report card encouragement program through the rest of the school year. The local McDonalds restaurants help the poor district by paying the $1,600 cost of printing the report card. Regina Klaers, the district spokeswoman, says most parents dont seem bothered by the Happy Meals rewards. “There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes its through the stomach, and sometimes its the probability of students winning a car，” she says. “One size doesnt fit all.” 【文章大意】　本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了物質獎勵對學生的成績是否有促進作用。 【長難句分析】Its been a mon tradition in middleclass families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life.(第一段倒數第二句) 分析：這是一個復合句。本句中It作形式主語，to reward top grades with cash...in life作真正的主語；that引導的賓語從句作teach的賓語。 譯文：給取得最高分的人現金獎勵，作為教導他們在學校里的成功可以通向生活中的成功的一種方式，這已經成為中產家庭中的慣例。 1. According to the text, it is a mon practice for schools to ________. A．offer free meals to students with high scores B．tie students grades to material rewards C．educate students to form a business sense D．cooperate with business to improve teaching 答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。 【關鍵句】With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and—in a growing number of cases—cold，hard cash.(第一段第三句) 譯文：在企業(yè)的幫助下，學校也在發(fā)放汽車、iPod和籃球賽的門票，發(fā)放現金的情況也在增加。 根據關鍵句及下一句中的“tying grades to goods”可推斷出，將學生的成績與物質獎勵聯系起來已成了學校的一個慣例。故選B。 2. According to the text, the longterm results of giving students cash as rewards in education are ________. A．negative B．optimistic C．uncertain D．disappointing 答案與解析：C考查細節(jié)理解。 【關鍵句】No one knows for sure how well cash and other bigticket rewards work in education in the long run.(第二段第一句) 譯文：沒有人能肯定從長遠來看現金和其他昂貴獎品會對教育產生怎樣的作用。 根據關鍵句可知，給學生現金作為獎勵在教育中產生的長遠結果還不確定。A項意為“消極的”；B項意為“樂觀的”；C項意為“不確定的”；D項意為“令人失望的”。故選C。 3．The tutoring program run by Charles McVean ________. A．hires some excellent teachers to teach the struggling students B．has a meaningful effect in inspiring students enthusiasm on study C．is a program bining tutoring, petition and future job offers D．rewards the student with the highest scores with cash prize of $100 答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。 【關鍵句】Even if rewards dont lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school.(第三段第一句) 譯文：即使獎勵對個人考試成績沒有作用，但它們會對學校產生一種重要的影響。 根據關鍵句及其后面列舉的Charles McVean的輔導項目可推知，本段用Charles McVean的輔導項目來說明獎勵對激發(fā)學生的學習熱情有重要影響。故選B。 4．We can learn that in Seminole County ________. A．there are various ways to inspire students to study hard B．many parents are not satisfied with the Happy Meals rewards C．the local McDonalds restaurants provide the rewards for poor students D．people are searching for a goodforall method to urge students to do well 答案與解析：A考查細節(jié)理解。 【關鍵句】There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes its through the stomach, and sometimes its the probability of students winning a car...(最后一段倒數第二句) 譯文：我們嘗試了許多方法來敦促學生努力學習，有時通過填飽他們的肚子，有時學生可能會贏得一輛汽車…… 根據關鍵句可知，Seminole County有各種各樣鼓勵學生努力學習的方法。故選A。 B Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long-term survival, a study suggests. "This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellow crested cockatoos(小葵花鳳頭鸚鵡)," said Luke Gibson, a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him. This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate(調查)how a critically endangered species had bee self-sustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species being established as a separate population, which they hadn’t thought of, including the yellow-crested cockatoo in their city. "This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade," he told BBC News. "Poachers(偷獵者)go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the bird and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds. This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But its really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds set free, it allowed a new self-sustaining population to be established in this city. The government in of Dr. Gibson’s city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a non-native species. Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr Gibson, unlike in its native range in Indonesia, where capturing birds forms a major source of ine. However, there can be downsides(缺點) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and suffering from novel diseases. It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve "harvesting" some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss. 1.What was beyond Gibson’s expectations according to the first paragraph? A. The high rate of wildlife trade. B. The preciousness of the birds. C. The fact that the birds nearly disappear. D. The news that the birds were poached. 2.What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad? A. They formed a separate population. B. They were kept as pet birds. C. They were traded illegally. D. They were killed for research. 3.Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”? A. Peace-loving. B. Rich. C. Free. D. Environment –friendly. 4.For what purpose did the author write the passage? A. To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade. B. To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing. C. To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation. D. To raise people’s awareness of protecting endangered species. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。講述的是一項研究表明逃跑的非法交易的瀕危物種形成了次級群體，為它們的長期生存提供了希望，也呈現了野生生物保護的一種可能的方法。 1.C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段最后一句話 He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.可知他沒有料到的是這些鳥是非常瀕危的物種，與C項一致，故選C。 2.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句話可知有些養(yǎng)這種鳥的人偶然地或者故意地放了它們，由此在這個城市里形成了單獨的自我維持數量的鳥，故選A。 4.C 【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。根據最后一段最后兩句話It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve "harvesting" some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.可知本文作者是為了介紹野生生物保護的一種創(chuàng)新的方法，故選C。 二、七選五 (2018湖北省部分重點中學高三起點考試) How to avoid a boring conversation What excuses should you use to avoid talking to people you dont want to talk to? Here are tips and inoffensive ways to get out of unwanted conversations. 1. Go for a refill(續(xù)杯)． It is natural for anyone at a party to be excused to get a refill. __1__ And once you excuse yourself, make a move fast before the person requests you to get a refill for him as well. 2. Pretend bad mood. Cut off the conversation before it starts by saying something along the lines of “Im not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you dont mind？” __2__ Say it firmly so that people get the message loud and clear. 3. Ask your friend to save you. __3__ Simply text your friend and ask him or her to e for apparently something important. You will be able to skip a boring chat with a seemingly reasonable excuse. 4．__4__ You are advised to look away from that person and dont make eye contact, so that you can give powerful hints (暗示) that you find the conversation extremely boring. __5__ Be sure to tune in to the conversation every now and then so you dont e across as rude. A．Behave in an obviously careless way. B．Just be sure that the person you are talking to does not offer to acpany you to do so. C．Dont act too polite in an attempt to draw sympathy. D．Use body language to indicate boredom. E．Your friend is bound to perform brilliantly in coping with the dull one. F．Look elsewhere and pretend that something else has caught your attention. G．Stuck in an unwanted conversation, how do you get out of it? 【文章大意】　本文主要介紹了怎樣避免無聊的談話。 1．答案與解析：B選項B中的so就是指空前的“get a refill”這一行為；同時空后的“make a move fast...as well”與選項B的內容相呼應。 2．答案與解析：C空后的代詞it指代空處前一句中的“Im not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you dont mind？”，所以空處及后一句與這一問題有關；同時后一句中的“Say it firmly”與選項C“不要為了獲得同情而表現得太禮貌?！痹趦热莺驼Z氣方面是一致的。 3．答案與解析：G根據該段的主題句以及空后兩句可知，空后的兩句話是對選項G這一疑問句的回答，選項G能夠引出下文，符合語境。 4．答案與解析：D根據上文中的主題句都使用祈使句這一特點可知，該段也應用祈使句作主題句；同時根據該段中的第一句可知，把目光從這個人身上移開，不要有眼神交流，這樣可以給對方強烈的暗示，使其發(fā)現這段談話極其無聊，這與選項D“使用肢體語言暗示厭煩?！毕辔呛稀? 5．答案與解析：F空處起承上啟下的作用，且根據該段主題句可知，使用肢體語言暗示厭煩，所以選項F“看向別處并假裝你的注意力被其他東西吸引?！迸c之吻合。 三、短文改錯 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father! 【答案】　 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be， he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father! 第一處：刪除however。考查連詞。在as引導的讓步狀語從句中，表語放句首時，從句倒裝，分析句子結構可知，however多余。 第二處：her→his?？疾榇~。與上文人稱代詞he保持一致，可知，此處應用形容詞性物主代詞his。 第三處：neighbor→neighbors?？疾槊~所有格形式。此處用名詞所有格形式作定語，修飾名詞window。 第四處：has→had。考查動詞時態(tài)。與asked呼應可知，此處應用過去完成時，表示過去的過去。 第五處：a→the?？疾楣谠~。tell the truth為固定詞組搭配，符合語境，故用定冠詞the。 第六處：scold→scolding?？疾閯用~。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，故用動名詞scolding作介詞of的賓語。 第七處：our前加to?？疾榻樵~。apologize to sb.意為“向某人道歉”，為固定詞組搭配，故用介詞to。 第八處：and→but?？疾檫B詞，not only...but also...意為“不但……而且……”，為固定結構，故用連詞but。 第九處：what→how?？疾橐蓡栐~。與teaches呼應可知，此處表示方式，故用how。 第十處：luckily→lucky?？疾樾稳菰~。與I am呼應可知，此處應用形容詞lucky作表語。 四、短文語法填空 A poor farmer had a friend who was famous 1 the wonder apples he grew. One day, his mend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it. The farmer was 2 (please) with the gift, but when he got home he did not how where 3 (plant) it. He was afraid that if he planted the tree near me road, strangers would steal the fruit. If he planted the tree in his field, his 4 (neighbor) would e at night and steal some of the apples. Finally he planted the tree in his wood, 5 no one could see it. 6 there was no sunlight or good soil, the tree soon died. Later me mend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place. "Whats the 7 (differ)?"the farmer said 8 (anger)."If I had planted the tree near the road, strangers would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted the tree in my field, my neighbors would have e at night and stolen some of the apples." "Yes," said the friend, "but at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit. Now you not only 9 (rob) everyone of the fruit, but also you have destroyed 10 good apple tree!" 【文章大意】本文通過蘋果樹的故事告訴我們在人生中要學會與人分享。只有與人分享，我們才能得到真正的幸福和快樂。 1.for 【解析】考查介詞。此處運用了be famous for這個短語，表示“這個朋友因為種了神奇的蘋果樹而遠近聞名”。故填for。 2.pleased 【解析】考查形容詞。be pleased with…是固定搭配，指“對……感到滿意”。故填pleased。 3.to plant 【解析】考查非謂語。know后面跟動詞不定式，此處考查了“疑問詞+不定式”結構。故填to plant。 4.neighbours 5.where 【解析】考查連詞。本句運用了定語從句，先行詞是his wood，引導詞在從句中作地點狀語，表示“在他的林子里”。故填where。 6.Because 【解析】考查連詞。句意：因為沒有陽光和好的泥土，樹不久就死了。前一句是后一句的原因。故填Because。 7.difference 【解析】考查名詞。句意：那有什么不一樣？在定冠詞the后面跟名詞。故填difference。 8.angrily 9.have robbed 【解析】考查時態(tài)。but also并列句中用了現在完成時，所以此句中也用現在完成時。故填have robbed。 10.the 【解析】考查冠詞。此處是特指朋友給這位農民的蘋果樹。故填the。