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Unit 2 Cloning 一、閱讀理解。 Sometimes, you just cant help it. Maybe youre watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, theres a lump in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks. A professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands,has studied crying.According to Vingerhoets, therere three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world.Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, therere emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets. Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. “Humans are very plex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma, a professor from Pittsburgh University, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears can make them get help and support from others.” She says another reason why we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal. It takes a long time to grow up. Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed(流出)emotional tears has to do with our prolonged(延長的) childhood,” he says. “Thats the time when were still dependent on adults for love,protection and care. The major advantage of tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have e in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Loud crying could attract predators(捕食者). Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case, its better to use a silent signal to ask for help,” he says. Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. 1.The tears mentioned in Paragraph 1 should belong to ________. A.basal tears B.reflex tears C.happy tears D.emotional tears 2.What is Vingerhoets attitude to the effects of tears? A.Passive. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent. 3.The underlined phrase of “a silent signal” probably refers to ________. A.a written language B.predators C.tears D.loud crying 4.What is the best title of the text? A.Types of Tears B.Precious Tears C.Secrets of Tears D.On Tears 參考答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.C 解析： 1.[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Finally, therere emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.可推斷出,第一段提到的淚水屬于emotional tears。] 2.[態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知其實(shí)文中這兩位科學(xué)都認(rèn)為淚水有好處,即積極看待眼淚。] 3.[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文中劃線前Tears were a safer way to get attention.的敘述可知,在這種情況下(在史前時(shí)期人類大聲哭泣會(huì)引來危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物),最好用這種“無聲的信號(hào)”來尋求幫助。因此這種無聲的信號(hào)就是前面所指的“眼淚”。] 4.[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章從科學(xué)研究的角度對(duì)眼淚的種類、哭的原因等做了科學(xué)的分析,揭示了眼淚不為人知的秘密。故該項(xiàng)用作文章的標(biāo)題最佳。] 二、單句語法填空 1．His efforts to raise money for his program were ___________ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. 答案：in 2．The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist___________ (take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present. 答案：taking 3．The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, ___________ (stay) out after 11 p．m. 答案：to stay 4．This is only an ___________ (assume) that they won’t spend too much on the decoration of the house. 答案：assumption 5．Liu Lei insisted that he merely did what everybody would have done and strongly objected to___________ (call) a hero. 答案：being called 6．Not having prepared well, you are bound ___________ (suffer) great losses in the mercial trade. 答案：to suffer 7．The project ___________ (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful. 答案：undertaken 8．Why bother ___________ (go) abroad to study, when there are so many good universities at home? 答案：going/to go 9．I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ___________ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided. 答案：merely 10．(2018四川自貢一診)Greatly ___________ (strike) by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare’s writing remains powerful and true. 答案：struck 三、完形填空。 My parents owned a 500-acre farm in Montana when I was young. Life there was filled not just with fun and games but　1　as well. The lambing season was especially hard. Montana’s freezing spring weather kept my parents watching　2　mamas at all hours of the day and night　3　a newborn lamb. It was during this time of new life that my favorite childhood memory took place. One exceptionally　4　day, my mother spied a sheep trying to 　5　 her baby lamb and needed our 　6　. My mother calmly held the sheep’s head and　7　me to get hold of the lamb’s protruding(伸出的) legs. I 　8　and must have had a look of panic on my face. The little things were　9　not something I wanted to touch. But I　10　my courage and wrapped my fingers 　11　them. I can still remember the　12　of the unexpectedly delicate legs. My heart beat in fear and excitement 　13　 I pulled with all my strength. The lamb was delivered! I was no　14　to seeing farm animals being born, but to have a　15　 in it was something I will cherish forever. I’m sure everyone got very　16　hearing me tell and retell my heroic story. Looking back, I’m so glad that I didn’t　17　to get my hands dirty. If I had, the miraculous moment and the precious memory would have been　18　. I try to instill(逐漸灌輸) that life 　19　 into my children. Sometimes you need to get your hands a little dirty to experience something 　20　 and pure. 【文章大意】本文作者主要回顧了小時(shí)候在農(nóng)場(chǎng)幫母親給羊接生的故事及感想。 1. A. pleasure 　B. danger　 C. dilemma 　D. hardship 【解析】選D。根據(jù)下文的“The lambing season was especially hard”可推知, 農(nóng)場(chǎng)的生活既充滿樂趣也有艱辛。pleasure 樂趣; danger危險(xiǎn); dilemma 進(jìn)退兩難的境地; hardship艱難。故選D。 2. A. pregnant B. working C. desperate D. sleeping 【解析】選A。 結(jié)合下文的“a newborn lamb”可推知, 應(yīng)選A項(xiàng), 意為“懷孕的”。 3. A. at the risk of B. in case of C. free from D. in exchange for 【解析】選B。根據(jù)語境可推知, 作者的父母當(dāng)時(shí)日夜看護(hù)著懷孕的母羊以防有新羊羔誕生。at the risk of 冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn); in case of以防; free from免受……; in exchange for交換。故選B。 4. A. warm B. cold C. mild D. hot 【解析】選B。與上文的“Montana’s freezing spring weather”呼應(yīng)可知, 此處表示“非常冷的(cold)一天”。 5. A. cure B. deliver C. hurt D. fort 【解析】選B。由上文中父母看護(hù)懷孕的母羊可知此處應(yīng)為“生產(chǎn)”。后文The lamb was delivered呼應(yīng)此句。 6. A. notice B. support C. help D. operation 【解析】選C。根據(jù)語境可知, 媽媽在照看即將生產(chǎn)的羊, 并需要我們的幫助(help)。 7. A. begged B. invited C. forbade D. instructed 【解析】選D。根據(jù)語境可推知, 當(dāng)時(shí)母親在指導(dǎo)作者如何幫助羊生產(chǎn)。beg乞求; invite邀請(qǐng); forbid 禁止; instruct指導(dǎo)。故選D。 8. A. wondered B. resisted C. suspected D. hesitated 【解析】選D。結(jié)合語境“and must have had a look of panic on my face”可推知, 作者當(dāng)時(shí)有些驚慌失措, 所以猶豫了。wonder 驚奇; resist 抵制; suspect 懷疑; hesitate猶豫。故選D。 9. A. surely B. hardly C. only D. hopefully 【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文的轉(zhuǎn)折可推知, 年幼的作者當(dāng)時(shí)肯定(surely)是不想去觸碰正在出生的小羊的。故選A。 10. A. lost B. gathered C. searched D. lacked 【解析】選B。根據(jù)上文的“The little things were ________not something I wanted to touch”不敢觸碰, 然后轉(zhuǎn)折可知此處表示作者鼓起勇氣。gather courage在此表示鼓起勇氣, 符合語境。 11. A. beyond B. through C. around D. in 【解析】選C。根據(jù)“wrapped”可知, 作者當(dāng)時(shí)手握著新生羊羔的腿。wrap sth. around sth. 為固定用法。 12. A. feel B. point C. sight D. thought 【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文的“delicate legs”可推知, 此處表示的是觸感(feel), 與上文的“touch”呼應(yīng)。 13. A. because B. as C. if D. unless 【解析】選B。此處表示當(dāng)作者用盡力氣幫助母羊接生時(shí), 作者感到既害怕又興奮。as意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 14. A. stranger B. beginner C. newer D. speaker 【解析】選A。此處表示看農(nóng)場(chǎng)上的動(dòng)物出生對(duì)作者來說并不陌生。stranger 陌生人; beginner 初學(xué)者; newer 新來的人; speaker演講者。故選A。 15. A. memory B. hand C. look D. difference 【解析】選B。但是親自參與接生這件事作者將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)珍視。have a hand in sth. 意為“參與某事”。 16. A. proud of B. excited about C. tired of D. sorry for 【解析】選C。根據(jù)“tell and retell”可推知, 作者反復(fù)地講自己的英雄事跡, 自然會(huì)讓人覺得厭煩。此處為作者用詼諧的口吻敘事。proud of 對(duì)……自豪; excited about 對(duì)……激動(dòng); tired of 對(duì)……厭煩; sorry for對(duì)……抱歉。故選C。 17. A. refuse B. promise C. choose D. pause 【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文可知, 作者當(dāng)時(shí)沒有拒絕幫羊接生, 這讓作者感到高興。refuse 拒絕。 18. A. kept B. lost C. ignored D. forgotten 【解析】選B。由上文的“my favorite childhood memory”和“but to have a ________in it was something I will cherish forever”可知, 如果作者沒有給羊接生, 那么作者就得不到這些珍貴的記憶, 也就是失去(lost)。 19. A. quality B. skill C. lesson D. standard 【解析】選C。很明顯, 作者想給孩子們灌輸這一人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)(lesson)。 20. A. upset B. funny C. thrilling D. amazing 【解析】選D。由上文的“the miraculous moment and the precious memory”并結(jié)合空后的“and pure”可推知, 作者認(rèn)為有時(shí)人們需要“把手變臟”來經(jīng)歷一些“精彩和純凈的事”。upset心煩的; funny有趣的; thrilling 刺激的; amazing令人驚奇的。故選D。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．A disadvantage of copying others’ homework is what you cannot master what you have learned.___________ 答案：第一個(gè)what→that 2．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea that he did it; that’s one of his favourite universities.___________ 答案：第二個(gè)that→why 3．It suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan.___________ 答案：去掉第一個(gè)to或struck→occurred 4．(2018湖南三校聯(lián)考)You can go swimming in condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.___________ 答案：in→on 5．This morning my grandpa wrote his doctor a letter saying that he owes to her that he is still alive.___________ 答案：在owes后加it 五、單元語法——同位語從句 1．(2018武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Last term，I couldn’t accept the truth ___________ I failed in my math examination. 答案：that 2．(2018天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考)There is a strong possibility ___________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future. 答案：that 3．(2018江西九江模擬)There is a popular view ___________ in city strangers are less likely to help an elderly person. 答案：that 4．The question ___________ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 答案：whether 5．I have no idea ___________ the cellphone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 答案：why