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Making the news 一、閱讀理解。 During the last decade the number of people living past 100 has increased by 71 percent. While one expert believed this figure will continue to rise, he stated that anyone hoping to live for double or triple(三倍) this time will be disappointed. Speaking at a conference, Colin Blakemore, 70, a British scientist, claimed there is a ceiling on how long humans can live, and six score years “might be a real absolute limit to human lifespan. ” A group of scientists discussed the future of medicine, global health concerns and life expectancy. It agreed that medicines will have a limited impact on extending human life, and it was more important to improve the health and quality of life for older people, rather than prolonging it. The group also stated it was important to improve the life expectancy in poorer areas where people typically die much younger than other areas. The 2014 Global Age Watch Index(全球年齡指數(shù)), which ranks 96 nations on the quality of life for the elderly, recently stated that by 2050, the number of over 60s will be 21 percent of the global population. This is almost double the current figure of 12 percent. The percentage of over 80s is growing fastest, too—expected to rise from 2 percent now to 4 percent of the global population by 2050. While it could take years of research to extend humans’ lives, the study raises the possibility of anti-ageing treatments in a new way, according to Dr Kapahi. The research, reported in the journal Cell Reports, may explain why it has proved so difficult to identify single genes(基因) responsible for the long lives enjoyed by humans. “It’s quite probable that interactions between genes are critical in those fortunate enough to live very long, healthy lives, ” said Dr Kapahi. Future research is expected to use mice to see if the same effects occur in mammals. 【文章大意】在過(guò)去十年里, 壽命達(dá)到100歲以上的老人的數(shù)量激增了71%。但是英國(guó)科學(xué)家柯林布雷克莫爾提出, 人類的壽命是有上限的, 而120歲很可能就是這個(gè)上限。 1. How many years can man live according to Colin Blakemore? A. 120 years. 　　　 B. 200 years. C. 130 years. 　 D. 150 years. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段末句中的“six score years ‘might be a real absolute limit to human lifespan’”可知Colin Blakemore認(rèn)為人的壽命是有上限的, 而120歲很可能就是這個(gè)上限, 故選A。 2. The underlined word “prolonging” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. limit　　　 B. enjoy C. shorten　　 D. lengthen 【解析】選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前半句內(nèi)容可知人們都認(rèn)為藥物對(duì)延長(zhǎng)人類壽命的影響是有限的, 對(duì)于老年人來(lái)說(shuō), 與其延長(zhǎng)壽命, 不如改善健康情況, 提升生活質(zhì)量。句中的extending human life 是信息詞, 故選D。 3. According to the passage, we can know ________. A. by 2050, the number of over 80s will rise by four percent B. people can depend on medicine for long life in the future C. scientists will use mice to do further research D. the research was carried out by the journal Cell Reports 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段中的“Future research is expected to use mice to see if the same effects occur in mammals. ”可知研究人員將用老鼠來(lái)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究, 故選C。 4. Where can you find this passage? A. A travel journal. 　 B. A science fiction. C. A health report. D. An economic report. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。文章介紹了科學(xué)家的最新研究——人類壽命的上限是120歲, 這屬于人類生命健康話題, 故選C。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．We must concentrate our effort on ________ (find) ways to reduce costs. 答案：finding　concentrate ones effort on ... “集中精力……”，on為介詞，故填動(dòng)名詞finding。 2．They study hard ________ (acquire) a good knowledge of English. 答案：to acquire　此處不定式在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。 3．Ill keep you ________ (inform) of the progress made at any time. 答案：informed　keep sb. informed of sth. “通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。 4．It is difficult ________ (assess) the effects of these changes. 答案：to assess　It is＋adj.＋to do sth. “做某事是……的”。 5．You can never depend on it ________ he can arrive on time. 答案：that　depend on it that “指望/相信……”。 6．—Are you ________ (accuse) me of lying to the headmaster? —Im sure you did. 答案：accusing　accuse sb. of (doing) sth. “指責(zé)/控告某人(做)某事”。本句是一般疑問(wèn)句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 7．All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to ________ (receive) in time for Christmas. 答案：be received　so as to do ... “為了做……”，gifts與receive之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填be received。 8．There are cases ________ this rule does not work. 答案：where　若定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為抽象地點(diǎn)名詞case, stage, point, position, condition等時(shí)，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 9．He left the classroom without the ________ (approve) of the teacher. 答案：approval　由空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞形式，即approval。 10．People demanded that the injured ________ (take) to hospital at once. 答案：(should) be taken　demand意為“要求”，后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。主語(yǔ)the injured與動(dòng)詞take之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 三、完形填空。 I started serving the homeless when I was eight years old. I didnt know these people would make such a big difference in my __1__. Twice a month I go to the church and help get things ready for __2__. When the gate is opened, people e in __3__ to get drinks. They take their seats while breakfast is __4__， and then we begin to __5__. We each take two plates and carry them __6__ the line as the plates are __7__. Each person receives several kinds of foods. I walk to the tables and __8__ the plates before them. After Ive served them, I ask if they need __9__ else and bring them whatever they ask for. When I first started serving, I was a little __10__ . At first I stayed close to my mom most of the time, but after I got to know these strangers, I __11__ that they were friendly people. And the __12__ of them was often nicer than the outside. I realized that there was no __13__ to be scared. After serving for a few months, I started to __14__ seeing the same people each week. All of these people make my day much __15__. The past two years have made a big __16__ in my life. I do this __17__ it is the right thing to do. When I serve people, I want them to know that someone __18__ them and that they matter. Serving makes me happy, but even more __19__， it teaches me to love and __20__ others and helps make the world a better place. 【解題導(dǎo)浯】　本文是一篇記敘文。“我”通過(guò)自己八歲跟隨媽媽到教堂做慈善活動(dòng)的親身經(jīng)歷，感悟到了人生的意義。 1. A．study B．work C．family D．life 答案與解析：D考查名詞。首先空處所在句是全文的主旨句，又根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“The past two years have made a big __16__ in my life”可知，這些人對(duì)“我”的人生(life)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。 2. A．breakfast B．brunch C．lunch D．dinner 答案與解析：A考查名詞。根據(jù)4空所在句可知，此處應(yīng)該是為早餐(breakfast)做準(zhǔn)備工作。故選A項(xiàng)。 3. A．secretly B．quickly C．slowly D．separately 答案與解析：B　考查副詞。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)進(jìn)教堂來(lái)取飲料。故選B項(xiàng)。 4. A．ordered B．enjoyed C．prepared D．tasted 答案與解析：C　考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，我們準(zhǔn)備早飯時(shí)，他們坐下來(lái)。故選C項(xiàng)。 5. A．eat B．serve C．leave D．try 答案與解析：B　考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)第一段的“I started serving the homeless”可知，我們侍候無(wú)家可歸者，為他們提供飯菜。故選B項(xiàng)。 6. A．before B．beyond C．a(chǎn)bove D．a(chǎn)long 答案與解析：D考查介詞。此處表示：我們每個(gè)人拿兩個(gè)盤子，沿著座位給他們端上食物。before“在……面前”；beyond“超出……的范圍”；above“在……上方”；along“沿著……旁邊”。故選D項(xiàng)。 7. A．emptied B．washed C．filled D．dried 答案與解析：C考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)盤子被盛滿(filled)食物的時(shí)候我們才把盤子端給無(wú)家可歸者。故選C項(xiàng)。 8. A．make B．set C．fix D．show 答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空前的“I walk to the tables”可知，“我”應(yīng)該是把盤子放置(set)在他們的餐桌上。故選B項(xiàng)。 9. A．nothing B．everything C．what D．a(chǎn)nything 答案與解析：D考查不定代詞。根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，“我”詢問(wèn)他們是否還有其他需要。故選D項(xiàng)。 10. A．surprised B．embarrassed C．scared D．puzzled 答案與解析：C考查形容詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，剛開始時(shí)“我”有點(diǎn)害怕(scared)。下文的“to be scared”也是提示。 11. A．realized B．a(chǎn)dmitted C．claimed D．swore 答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，隨著“我”對(duì)這些人的深入了解，“我”意識(shí)到他們是友善的。realize“意識(shí)到”；admit“承認(rèn)”；claim“聲稱”；swear“發(fā)誓”。故選A項(xiàng)。 12. A．past B．inside C．surface D．front 答案與解析：B考查名詞。根據(jù)空后的“nicer than the outside”可知，空處應(yīng)用outside的反義詞inside。故選B項(xiàng)。 13. A．way B．doubt C．reason D．wonder 答案與解析：C考查名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這些人都很友好，“我”沒有理由(reason)感到害怕。故選C項(xiàng)。 14. A．get tired of B．take charge of C．get down to D．look forward to 答案與解析：D考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上文“我”情感的變化可知，做了幾個(gè)月后，“我”每周都期待(look forward to)與這些人見面。get tired of“對(duì)……厭倦，厭煩”；take charge of“負(fù)責(zé)”；get down to“著手”。故選D項(xiàng)。 15. A．better B．further C．busier D．easier 答案與解析：A考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文“我”每周期待與這些人見面可推知，“我”的生活每周因他們變得更好(better)。故選A項(xiàng)。 16. A．success B．difference C．profit D．fortune 答案與解析：B考查名詞。此句與文章第一段第二句中的“make such a big difference”呼應(yīng)，故選B項(xiàng)。 17. A．because B．if C．once D．though 答案與解析：A考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系可知，空處前后有因果關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。 18. A．relies on B．goes after C．cares about D．looks for 答案與解析：C考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。care about“在乎，關(guān)心”；rely on“依靠，依賴”；go after“追求，追逐”；look for“尋找”。此處表示“我想讓他們知道有人關(guān)心他們并且他們很重要”。故選C項(xiàng)。 19. A．necessarily B．interestingly C．honestly D．importantly 答案與解析：D考查副詞。importantly“重要地”，necessarily“必要地”，interestingly“有趣地”，honestly“誠(chéng)實(shí)地”。根據(jù)空前的“Serving makes me happy，but even more”可知，importantly更符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)。 20. A．respect B．forgive C．inspire D．protect 答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞。forgive“原諒”，inspire“激勵(lì)”，protect“保護(hù)”。由語(yǔ)境可知，只有respect符合，故選A項(xiàng)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Youll be faced with two choices—whether to be fired or not, depend on your performance in the work. ______________________________________________________ 答案：depend→depending　句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be faced with且無(wú)連詞，故depend應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。depending on ... 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 2．We had a thoroughly cleaning of our house at the weekend. ______________________________________________________ 答案：thoroughly→thorough　此處需用形容詞thorough來(lái)修飾動(dòng)名詞cleaning，故改為thorough。 3．It is demanded that a doctor must be sent for. ______________________________________________________ 答案：must→should或去掉must　demand后跟賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 4．They are all eager to the chance to be the top ones in the world petition as athletes. ______________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)to→for　be eager for sth. “渴望(得到)某物”。 5．Youd better put on a thick sweater in case of it snows. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉of　in case of sth. “如果；假使”；in case＋從句“萬(wàn)一/以防……；如果/假使……”。根據(jù)從句“it snows”可知應(yīng)用in case，故去掉of。