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專題十九　應(yīng)用廣告類閱讀+社會(huì)文化類閱讀+完形填空+語篇填空+短文改錯(cuò) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2018河北衡水模擬) The best bikes for the beginners When it es to purchasing your first bike,the choice is endless,making it tough to know what to go for.Here are the best bikes on the market right now. Boardman CX p This is a cross-country bike,and it’s so versatile(多用途的) that you can handle any terrain(地勢(shì)) on it,making it a great choice for those wanting to try various cycling subjects.If you leave on the thick tires it es with,it can ride on various paths and can even handle some less demanding mountain bike routes.Alternatively,put on thin,slick tires and treat it as a road bike.It has basket and es with Shimano Sora gears,which are outstanding for its price. &650.Halfords. Planet X RT-58 v2 Planet X is based in Yorkshire,which means you’d probably have to buy this bike without seeing it.But it is worth it,because this is an excellent machine at a lower price.Planet X is a highly rated manufacture and this model es with Shimano Sora gears. &439.Planet X Specialized Allez ES Specialized is one of the biggest and most popular brands in cycling,and this is its hugely popular primary road bike.It es with solid ponents from front to back and you’ll look great out on the road. &575.Evans Cycles Boardman Road Team Carbon If you can push your budget further still,this bike is worth the extra investment.The frame is made entirely from carbon,which is lighter,faster and more fortable than the position metal models above and gives you an all-round more enjoyable ride.It also means that if you get really serious about cycling,you don’t have to upgrade as quickly as you would with a cheaper bike. &800,Halfords 【語篇解讀】本文是廣告類應(yīng)用文。本文主要向初學(xué)者介紹了四種自行車:Boardman CX p、Planet X RT-58 v2、Specialized Allez ES和Boardman Road Team Carbon。 1.pared with other bikes,what is the strength of the Boardman CX p? 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Its outstanding price. B.Its Shimano Sora gears. C.Dealing with any terrain. D.Putting on very firm tires. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Boardman CX p中的“This is a cross-country bike,and it’s so versatile (多用途的) that you can handle any terrain (地勢(shì)) on it,”可知,這是一輛越野自行車,它的用途如此之多,你可以應(yīng)付任何地形。答案為C項(xiàng)。 2.Which is suitable for you if you want to buy at an economical price but with Shimano Sora gears? A.Planet X RT-58 v2. B.Specialized Allez ES. C.Boardman CX p. D.Boardman Road Team Carbon. 答案A 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Planet X RT-58 v2中的“Planet X...But it is worth it,because this is an excellent machine at a lower price.Planet X is a highly rated manufacture and this model es with Shimano Sora gears.”可知,Planet X RT-58 v2價(jià)廉而又配備禧瑪諾Sora系列部件。答案為A項(xiàng)。 3.What can we know about the bikes mentioned in the text? A.The second has sold out so fast. B.You should be careful when riding the third. C.The forth is very expensive but with special material. D.You can only ride the first on the mountainous road. 答案C 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)Boardman Road Team Carbon中的“If you can push your budget further still,this bike is worth the extra investment.The frame is made entirely from carbon,which is lighter,faster and more fortable than the position metal models above and gives you an all-round more enjoyable ride.”可知,如果你能進(jìn)一步增加預(yù)算,這輛自行車值得額外投資。車架完全由碳制成,比上面的金屬模型更輕、更快、更舒適。分析句意可知,第四種車價(jià)格高,但所用的材料特殊,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 4.In which column does the text probably appear in the newspaper? A.Travel and culture. B.Fashion and lifestyle. C.Health and medicine. D.Production and marketing. 答案D 解析推理判斷題。本文主要向初學(xué)者介紹了四種自行車,因此可以判斷出本文有可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“產(chǎn)品和銷售“版面,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 B (2018山東德州一模) A parent might place his daughter’s drawing on the fridge out of a love for his child rather than for the wonderful image,but for many people,that children art is actually quite amazing.In fact,adult artists were often inspired by children’s drawing.For the museum-goers out there who tend to point to a piece of modern art and say,“My kid could have made that!”It’s worth remembering that often,that’s actually just what the artist had in mind. For many kids,drawing is exciting not because of the final product it leads to,but because they can live pletely in the world of their drawing for a few minutes.Even children are scribbling(涂鴉).They’re representing through action,not through pictures.Liane Alves,a prekindergarten teacher,recalled a student who presented her with a drawing featuring a single straight line across the page.Alves assumed the child hadn’t given too much thought to the drawing until he explained that the line was one of the stems(莖) from The Princess And The Pea,one of the fairy tales they read in class. Maureen Ingram,who’s a preschool teacher at the same school,said her students often tell different stories about a given piece of art depending on the day,perhaps because they weren’t sure what they intended to draw when they started the picture.“We as adults will often say,‘I’m going to draw a horse,’and we set out ...and get frustrated when we can’t do it,”Ingram said.“Children seem to take a different approach,where they just draw,and then they realize,‘it is a horse.’” And what about those odd or scary-looking drawings?Does that mean kids are telling themselves stories that are odd or scary?It’s hard to say,but it’s rarely a good idea to over-interpret it.Ellen Winner,a psychology professor,pointed to parents who worry when their kid draws a child bigger than the adults.What’s most important to remember is that“children’s art has its own logic,” Winner said.“Children are not being crazy.” 【語篇解讀】本文是社會(huì)文化類閱讀。孩子們畫畫有自己的邏輯和意義,父母應(yīng)該正確對(duì)待孩子的作品。 5.What may the author agree most according to the first paragraph? A.Children are more skilled and creative than adults in art. B.There might be similar patterns in artists’and kids’drawings. C.No one knows what the drawing experience means to children. D.Parents should bee drawing teachers of their children. 答案B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In fact,adult artists were often inspired by children’s drawing.”可知,成人藝術(shù)家常常受到兒童繪畫的啟發(fā),所以兒童繪畫和藝術(shù)家繪畫的模式可能有類似的地方。答案為B項(xiàng)。 6.What does the author want to prove with the example of Liane’s student? A.Simple scribbles from children are meaningful. B.Not all the children like drawing in the classroom. C.Children’s drawing is too plicated to understand. D.Teachers often find it hard to teach children drawing. 答案A 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“...he explained that the line was one of the stems(莖) from The Princess And The Pea,one of the fairy tales they read in class.”的例子可知,孩子畫的直線是童話《豌豆公主》中的一條莖,作者舉這個(gè)例子是為了說明孩子們簡(jiǎn)單的畫對(duì)他們來說是有意義的。答案為A項(xiàng)。 7.What is most important for children while they are drawing? A.The best image. B.Drawing process. C.A copy of real things. D.The ending of stories. 答案B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“For many kids,drawing is exciting not because of the final product it leads to,but because they can live pletely in the world of their drawing for a few minutes.”可知,繪畫之所以令孩子們興奮,不是因?yàn)樗鼛淼淖詈蠼Y(jié)果,而是因?yàn)橛袔追昼?他們能完全生活在繪畫的世界里。由此可見對(duì)孩子們來說最重要的是過程而非結(jié)果,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 8.What should parents do if their children draw things odd or scary? A.Ask teachers to show the children how to draw. B.Help the children to draw the picture again. C.Invite other children to have a discussion about the drawing. D.Take it easy and listen to the story behind the picture. 答案D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Does that mean kids are telling themselves stories that are odd or scary?It’s hard to say,but it’s rarely a good idea to over-interpret it.”及“What’s most important to remember is that‘children’s art has its own logic’”可知,父母對(duì)孩子奇怪或嚇人的畫不要過度解讀,他們的畫有自己的邏輯,所以放松,聽孩子講畫背后的故事。答案為D項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2018安徽十校聯(lián)考) South Korean artist Young-Sung Kim has a very special talent,he can paint photographs.That may sound like kind of exaggeration(夸張). Most of Kim’s paintings describe small 　1　 interacting with man-made objects.The artist admits that he has been greatly 　2　 by insects and reptiles(爬行動(dòng)物) since he was a young boy,keeping them in his room and 　3　 them.From that days on,he 　4　 to bee a painter. “It wasn’t 　5　 to paint their structure and color well.It was much harder than I had expected.I promised myself I would train myself at art school 　6　 I could paint them perfectly,” the 　7　 told Yonhap News Agency. 　8　,his parents didn’t approve of his decision to focus his studies on art,　9　 that he would not be able to land a good job.In high-school,their 　10　 only made Kim rebel (叛逆) even more.After two years of this,his family finally 　11　 and allowed him to follow his dream. In the end,Kim 　12　 his parents that they made the 　13　 decision.Not only does he get to earn a living doing what he 　14　 most,but he became one of the world’s most highly-regarded 　15　 painters,earning between $10,000 and $130,000 per artwork. Young-Sung Kim paints for more than 12 hours a day,　16　 on weekends.Despite the 　17　 realism of his paintings,Young-Sung Kim never pletely 　18　 with his work.He 　19　 his artworks on a 100-point scale,and none of his dozens of paintings have ever scored above 90 points.Kim hopes to 　20　 himself and get as close to that 100-point mark as possible. 【語篇解讀】本文是人物傳記。講述韓國(guó)畫家Young-Sung Kim的成才經(jīng)歷以及他的作品。 　 　　　　　　　　　　　 1.A.kids B.plants C.animals D.toys 答案C 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)后文“insects and reptiles”可知,Young-Sung Kim的大部分作品描繪的都是小動(dòng)物和人造物件之間的互動(dòng),所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 2.A.attracted B.confused C.frightened D.attacked 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“吸引”;B項(xiàng)“困惑,使迷惑”;C項(xiàng)“嚇唬,使害怕”;D項(xiàng)“攻擊,進(jìn)攻,襲擊”。他表示,自己從小就對(duì)昆蟲和爬行動(dòng)物十分著迷,會(huì)把它們飼養(yǎng)在房間里,當(dāng)作繪畫對(duì)象。答案為A項(xiàng)。 3.A.feeding B.counting C.training D.painting 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“喂養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)”;B項(xiàng)“計(jì)算,重要,數(shù)數(shù)”;C項(xiàng)“訓(xùn)練,培訓(xùn)”;D項(xiàng)“繪畫,粉刷”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 4.A.managed B.decided C.agreed D.demanded 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“管理,經(jīng)營(yíng)”;B項(xiàng)“決定”;C項(xiàng)“同意”;D項(xiàng)“要求”。從那天起,他決定成為一名畫家。答案為B項(xiàng)。 5.A.easy B.useless C.necessary D.impractical 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“容易”;B項(xiàng)“無用的”;C項(xiàng)“必要的”;D項(xiàng)“不切實(shí)際的”。根據(jù)后文“It was much harder than I had expected.”可知,要想畫好它們的結(jié)構(gòu)和顏色,并不容易。答案為A項(xiàng)。 6.A.even if B.so that C.unless D.while 答案B 解析語法功能題。根據(jù)句意可知,他長(zhǎng)大后去藝術(shù)院校接受培訓(xùn),目的是使自己的畫作更加完美。此處是so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 7.A.photographer B.architect C.artist D.biologist 答案C 解析文化常識(shí)題。A項(xiàng)“攝影師”;B項(xiàng)“建筑師”;C項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家”;D項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)家”。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,他是一位繪畫藝術(shù)家,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 8.A.Surprisingly B.Basically C.Naturally D.Unluckily 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“令人驚訝地”;B項(xiàng)“主要地,基本上地”;C項(xiàng)“自然地,天生地”;D項(xiàng)“不幸地”。不幸的是,他的父母并不贊成他把學(xué)習(xí)重心放在藝術(shù)上,因?yàn)閾?dān)心他找不到好工作。答案為D項(xiàng)。 9.A.fearing B.assessing C.suggesting D.predicting 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“害怕,擔(dān)心,唯恐”;B項(xiàng)“評(píng)估,估計(jì)”;C項(xiàng)“建議,表明,暗示”;D項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為A項(xiàng)。 10.A.requirement B.opposition C.ment D.announcement 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“要求,條件”;B項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”;C項(xiàng)“評(píng)論”;D項(xiàng)“宣布,通知”。高中時(shí),父母的反對(duì)讓他愈加叛逆,所以選擇B項(xiàng)。 11.A.turned away B.settled down C.gave in D.took over 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“避開,解雇”;B項(xiàng)“定居,安定下來”;C項(xiàng)“屈服,妥協(xié)”;D項(xiàng)“接管”。這樣過了兩年,他的家人終于做出妥協(xié),允許他追求自己的夢(mèng)想。答案為C項(xiàng)。 12.A.guaranteed B.reminded C.informed D.convinced 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“擔(dān)保,保證”;B項(xiàng)“提醒,使想起”;C項(xiàng)“告知”;D項(xiàng)“使相信”。他最終向父母證明,讓他們相信他們當(dāng)初的決定是正確的。答案為D項(xiàng)。 13.A.similar B.right C.quick D.normal 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“相似的”;B項(xiàng)“正確的,恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?C項(xiàng)“快速地”;D項(xiàng)“正常的,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 14.A.needs B.consumes C.trusts D.loves 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“需要”;B項(xiàng)“消費(fèi),耗費(fèi)”;C項(xiàng)“相信,信任”;D項(xiàng)“愛,喜歡”。從事自己最熱愛的事業(yè)不僅能讓他謀生,還讓他成為世界上最受推崇的超寫實(shí)畫家。答案為D項(xiàng)。 15.A.realistic B.international C.abstract D.simple 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)實(shí)的,現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的”;B項(xiàng)“國(guó)際的”;C項(xiàng)“抽象的”;D項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)單的”。從事自己最熱愛的事業(yè)不僅能讓他謀生,還讓他成為世界上最受推崇的超寫實(shí)畫家。答案為A項(xiàng)。 16.A.just　　　B.seldom C.even　　 D.yet 答案C 解析行文邏輯題。他每天作畫時(shí)間超過12小時(shí),甚至連周末也是如此。答案為C項(xiàng)。 17.A.splendid B.digital C.magical D.positive 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“輝煌壯麗的”;B項(xiàng)“數(shù)字的,數(shù)碼的”;C項(xiàng)“魔幻的”;D項(xiàng)“積極的,正面的”。盡管他的寫實(shí)主義畫作令人嘆為觀止,但他本人卻從來不覺得百分之百滿意。答案為A項(xiàng)。 18.A.popular B.content C.busy D.familiar 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“受歡迎的,流行的”;B項(xiàng)“滿意的”;C項(xiàng)“忙碌的”;D項(xiàng)“熟悉的”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 19.A.charges B.advertises C.scores D.improves 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“指控,要價(jià),收費(fèi),充電”;B項(xiàng)“登廣告”;C項(xiàng)“進(jìn)球得分,打分”;D項(xiàng)“提高,改善”。他給自己的幾十幅畫作打分,滿分是100分,沒有任何一幅作品超過90分。答案為C項(xiàng)。 20.A.face B.express C.accustom D.better 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“面對(duì)”;B項(xiàng)“表達(dá)”;C項(xiàng)“使習(xí)慣”;D項(xiàng)“勝過,改善,提高”。他希望自己能表現(xiàn)得更好,盡可能接近100分。答案為D項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.語篇填空 (2018河北石家莊一模) An American in Beijing lives his Chinese dream Gao Tianrui walks along streets in Beijing’s Xicheng district as 1. public security volunteer.2.(wear) his bright red armband(紅袖章) and speaking fluent Mandarin,62-year-old Gao Tianrui could 3.　　　　　　(take) for any regular Chinese man.But on 4.　　　　　　(close) inspection,things are not quite 5. they seem:Gao’s real name is Terry Crossman and he is from the United States.He is now a member of “Xicheng Dama”,that is,volunteers,usually women in late middle-age,6. walk along the streets of downtown Beijing’s Xicheng district.Terry said that,at first,he saw the group as busybodies,but 7.(gradual) he saw that it was a good thing for retired seniors 8.　　　　　　(help) others. He is often seen giving tourists 9.　　　　　　(direction),getting water for a baby and even helping a neighbor sell yogurt.“I like helping others,” he said,“I live in the hutong and my neighbors and I usually help each other...This is where I live,where my friends are and where I call home.” Crossman 10.　　　　　　(bee) interested in Chinese culture as a teenager when he read Tao Te Ching by Laozi. 答案與解析 【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。本文介紹一個(gè)在北京的美國(guó)人做志愿者,實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)夢(mèng)的故事。 1.a　考查冠詞。句意:Gao Tianrui作為一名公共安全志愿者在北京西城區(qū)沿著大街行走。這里表示“作為一名”,所以用不定冠詞。 2.Wearing　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:戴著鮮艷的紅袖章,說著流利的普通話,62歲的Gao Tianrui儼然就是一個(gè)普通的中國(guó)人。此處動(dòng)詞wear和主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語。 3.be taken　考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。take...for...“把……當(dāng)做……”,此處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 4.closer　考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:但是進(jìn)一步的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),情況并不是看起來的那樣。根據(jù)句意可知用比較級(jí)。 5.what　考查表語從句。此處是what引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 6.who　考查定語從句。句意:他現(xiàn)在是“西城大媽”的成員,“西城大媽”也就是志愿者,通常是歲數(shù)大的中年婦女,她們?cè)诒本┪鞒菂^(qū)的街道巡視。根據(jù)句意可知,此處volunteers是先行詞,指人,在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語。 7.gradually　考查副詞。此處是副詞修飾整個(gè)句子,表示“逐漸地,漸漸地”。 8.to help　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語,考查的結(jié)構(gòu)為:be+adj.+for sb./sth.+to do。 9.directions　考查名詞。句意:人們常常見到他給游客指方向。此處用名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,因direction是可數(shù)名詞,這里前面沒有限定詞,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10.became　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)Crossman讀老子的《道德經(jīng)》時(shí),他就對(duì)中國(guó)文化產(chǎn)生了興趣。根據(jù)句意可知,句子應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2018重慶一中月考) So happy am I to learn that you are ing to China and would stay at my home during the Chinese New Year.My parents and I am very pleased to have them with us.Now please allow me to tell you that we have arranged for you.My family will arrange large number of things for you to do in the morning.After that,I’ll show you around and take you to some places of interests.At night,we’ll most stay at home watch the Spring Festival Gala,playing mahjong,and chatting with people.I firmly believe in that we’ll have a wonderful time but enjoy each other’s pany. 答案 So happy am I to learn that you are ing to China and wouldwill stay at my home during the Chinese New Year.My parents and I amare very pleased to have themyou with us.Now please allow me to tell you thatwhat we have arranged for you.My family will arrange ∧a large number of things for you to do in the morning.After that,I’ll show you around and take you to some places of interestsinterest.At night,we’ll mostmostly stay at home watchwatching the Spring Festival Gala,playing mahjong,and chatting with people.I firmly believe in that we’ll have a wonderful time butand enjoy each other’s pany.